Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich: Biography uye rufu

Maererano nenhamba yakakura kwazvo historiography, murume uyu vakaita inokosha basa iri kuparadzwa pakati autocracy kuRussia. General Ruza, nechokwadi monarchist, mumwe wokutanga aronga chevaux Nicholas II kuti murege, pane kutsigira uye kubatsira mambo kuti agare pachigaro choushe. Emperor akaverenga pamusoro rubatsiro vake vehondo, uye kuti akanga nyore akatengesa.

Muchiuto, Ruza (General pamusoro Infantry) wakadzikwa pachake semutungamiri unyanzvi muchiuto, saka akasvika simba, kuti Bolsheviks vaida kuramba kurayira mauto, asi kudivi ravo. Asi akaramba kuroorwa, uye somugumisiro akatambura noutsinye vauraye.

Ndianiko uyu General Ruza? mambo kana mutengesi of Yababa nevanozvitsigira uyo mugumo vakagadzirira rinorema kusarudza? Funga mubvunzo uyu zvizere.

Makore uduku uye kuyaruka

Nikolay Vladimirovich Ruzsky - akaberekerwa Kaluga mudunhu, akaberekwa musi March 6 1854 gore.

A zvinoverengeka zvinyorwa anoratidza kuti ramangwana mukuru aiva hama yokure Nyanduri Lermontov, uyo akanyora rinozivikanwa nhetembo "The ruzivo." Mukutsigira ichi ivo kumbotipa Data kuratidza kuti mumwe madzitateguru Mikhail Yurevich, ari XVIII remakore, uyo aiva mubati Moscow mudunhu guta Ruza, akabereka mwana akaberekwa kunze kwomuchato. Nokukurumidza zvakanga mwana zita pashure guta iro basa remabasa Lermontov.

Asi chokwadi kana mukuru Ruza akapa yokungotaura ukama pamwe yakakurumbira nyanduri zvikuru. Ipapo aizova zvizere agamuchira dzekare dzidzo, izvo mitemo zvaiva zvakafanana kuvana vose vanokudzwa mhuri, asi Nicholas akarasikirwa baba vake mangwanani. Pashure paizvozvo, upenyu hwake akatanga kuvhiringidza vashandi pamusoro guru revatungamiriri wematirastii, asi ramangwana vakawanda chokwadi ichi haisi kunyanya irked. Nechekare achiri muduku Nicholas akarota reuto basa.

makore kudzidza

Kutanga rakada kuti hope, Ruza akava wokutanga muchiuto chikoro vadzidzi, riri muguta iri Neva yacho.

Kwapera nguva aiva kadheti wechipiri Konstantinovsky Military School, uyo vadzidzi akava inifanduri mukuru. Chinoshamisawo chokwadi kuti kuguma XIX remakore zvikoro Russian muchiuto akatanga kushandisa mashoko zvokuchinja anosarudza chevaux Alexander II uye wenhau Dmitriem Milyutinym. Ndokusaka General Ruza, mufananidzo izvo zvinowanikwa mabhuku akawanda pamusoro unyanzvi yehondo, uye pane munyaya ino kuwana dzidzo yepamusoro, unoenderana zviri nguva.

Kutanga basa rake rechiuto

Ndapedza kubva kukoreji, jaya akaenda kushumira Life Guards Grenadier hondo sezvo mukuru. Zvakatanga Russian-Turkish hondo makore mashoma gare gare, uye ramangwana zvayo Ruza akaratidza munda rokurwa chete zvinobatsira divi. In kuonga kuratidza ushingi uye ushingi Ruza vakagamuchira Order of St. Anne kuti IV kugiredhi. Pamugumo vemauto remapazi mukuru akasarudza kunatsiridza unyanzvi hwavo uye vakadzidziswa muna Mykolayiv General Staff Academy. Vadzidzisi vake vaiva nomukurumbira V. Sukhomlinov uye Kuropatkin. Ipapo mukuru kushandisa ruzivo urwu mune tsika, rave kutsiva matanda emauto maruwa. Nikolay Vladimirovich akava chaiye nyanzvi logistical uye operative basa.

Chinotevera chinokosha yake basa raiva basa iri Kiev Military District sezvo parwendo General. Kwapera nguva, Ruza vasimudzirwa kuna Major General uye achaita achatungamirira dzimbahwe.

Russian-Japanese hondo

At pakutanga XX remakore Russia chaibatanidzwa rechiuto zvaipesana Japan. General Ruza, uyo Biography zvikuru kare, achatungamirira wechipiri Manchurian mauto muzinda. Acharatidza zvavo zvakanakisisa unhu rechiuto mutungamiri, rakanyatsorongwa kuzvidavirira mauto vakapiwa kwaaiva Shahe River. Asi dzimwe nguva kubudirira achiperekedzwa nezvipingamupinyi. Zvikurukuru, tiri kutaura pamusoro tsamwisa mashandiro pasi Sandepu, rakanga zvokusarudzwa pasi nokuti mwoyo miviri chiito mukuru.

mberi basa

Pashure pehondo Ruzsky akaronzesa kurayira rechi21 Army Corps. Pakupera ari XIX remakore, Nikolai Vladimirovich akaramba ari mamiriro General pakati Infantry, kufanana pakuva chikamu Council Military. Achakupa kubatsira mubasa iri kukura zvinhu muhondo. General Ruza ndiye co-munyori vanoverengeka emirayiridzo nemirayiro. Vakarumbidza vakuru mupiro wake Field Manual muna 1912. Pashure basa iri, Nikolai Vladimirovich akadzokera basa Kiev Military District, apo akashanda somubatsiri mutungamiri kusvikira pakutanga World War First.

1914

Pashure hondo yakatanga pakati mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany uye enyika mubatanidzwa, yaisanganisira Germany uye Austria-Hungary, murayiro Russian akatumwa kunorwa Ruza South-Western Front, titarisire kuti muraire 3rd Army.

Strategic mirayiridzo yemitambo iyi hondo yaiva hondo Galicia, umo Nikolay Vladimirovich, vakabatanidzwa pamwe varwi General Brusilov, vakabatsira kukanda muvengi munharaunda Bukovina uye Eastern Galicia. Asi zvakanga uyewo tasked kubata Lvov uye Galich. Nechekare mukupera muzhizha ra1914 Ruza General Nikolay Vladimirovich yekudyidzana pedyo kwayo Implementation: muvengi akadzokera, pasinei nokuedza kumisa hondo wokuRussia parwizi richaora Lipa Lipa uye Gold. Pakupedzisira, Lviv yakatorwa, pashure iyo Brusilov akarumbidza nezvaiitwa nevamwe-mu-maoko ake. Akarondedzera Ruza sei vakashinga, vakashinga uye vakangwara mutungamiri zvechiuto. Asi nharaunda akakunda Galicia akaratidza zvose unhu mutungamiriri zvechiuto. Ikoko akaratidza rakazaruka Anti-Semitism. Nei achiparadza vekare vanhu Galicia, General Ruza? MuJudha, ari zvaanofunga, ndiko kuchikonzerwa munosora zviito izvo zvakakanganisa zvinodiwa vanhu Russian, saka rudzi urwu anofanira kuyananisa ropa kwemhosva dzake.

itsva basa

Nikolay Vladimirovich kubudirira pakuvhiya zvechiuto kwaitsigirwa, uye pasina nguva akanga ava vakapiwa murayiro North-Western Front, ane mauto akatambura kukundwa muEast Prussia. Mamiriro kunoratidzwa ndechokuti mauto eGermany akanga agadzirwa nani zvikuru kupfuura rweAustro-Hungary, saka nokuda normalization zvinhu zvaida ruzivo mutungamiri nemauto, basa iri rakanakira zvayo Ruza. Aikwanisa kurega yakakuwandira nomuvengi iri hondo iri pakati Vistula uye pasi Polish Lodz. Zvino muvengi kwete chete kunge akamira ari Implementation zvirongwa zvavo, asiwo kuti nzvimbo musana.

Ipapo High Command German anosarudza kusimbisa nzvimbo yaro North-West nhungamiro dzinga kuRussia mukuru. Somugumisiro ropa hondo muvengi haana vanokwanisa kukunda guta Augustow, asi oedza muchamanikidza guru Polish vakakundikana.

In pavanotaurirana, chakakonzerwa guta Prasnysh, Nikolai Vladimirovich akakwanisa nemazvo kuvaka azvidzivirire nzira, kukonzera muvengi akanga adzoka East Prussia. General Ruza aienda kurwisa muvengi uye uputsei kuti smithereens mauto eGermany. Asi vatungamiri vemauto Russian vari mumwe mhinduro: kuti pfungwa huru simba pakurwisa rweAustro-Hungarians, uye North-Western Front rakanga kuita kuti tisaita German tsamwisa purangazve.

rudekaro

Mwoyo ichi musoro nzira hondo, mupfungwa uye kuneta mukuru, mumaoko murayiro mumwe mukuru mberi uye akaenda zororo bumbunuka. Papera nguva, Nikolay Vladimirovich wakaraira uto nokupesana, izvo nechokwadi kudzivirira Petrograd. Zvadaro, mushure "dismemberment" of North-Western Front, kuna North uye West richatsikwa rinotungamirirwa General kutanga.

Asi kunyange kana uto kushanda akatungamirirwa zvakananga autocrat Nicholas II, haangakuregi kusiya kuzvidzivirira nzira kuti pakupedzisira mwoyo Ruza uye akanga atova pasi chakarongwa pokumuwanira kuzodzosera atumire pazororo.

1916

Pashure achizorora nokuti inenge mitanhatu, muridzi sezvakarayirwa St. Anne IV kuchaita zvakare kuraira kuchamhembe mberi. Achiri aitarisira kuti murayiro Russian achipinda chinoshingaira kurwisa uye chakakomba kurwadzisa vokuGermany. Asi kurwa vanokwanisa weuto pakarepo akatanga itye tichizviona; masoja vaneta hondo uye vaida isinganzwisisiki nokukurumidza kudzokera dzavo. Apo, panguva kurwiswa munharaunda varwi reBaltic mutinied uye akaramba kuenda kurwisa, Nikolai Vladimirovich akanga pangozi kwokupandukira mweya Tribunal moralizovat.

Zvisinei, izvi zvinoitwa pakupedzisira havana kukwanisa kushandura nzira pokuvhiyiwa, uye zano kurwiswa vakakundwa. Papera nguva uye akapedzisa hondo pachayo.

Maonero simba

Historians vachiri gakava nei General Ruza akatengesa mambo? In yechando 1917, iye achifara vakatsigira chirongwa cheHurumende Duma wevatariri kumisa "kamhina" uye "basa" mutemo wehurumende kuitika mu chiso Russian mambo. Nikolay Vladimirovich, uyo amire zvakasimba kudzivirira autocratic hwechiFascist, tichitsoropodza mutemo, yaiitwa namambo. Iye ichangopfuura, Chokwadi, uye kwete mitemo, tama chikamu chinokosha wamambo nhau panguva ngoni murimi mudiki Grigory Rasputin, uyo akazova mumwe "kuchena mufundisi" imwe mhando paitonga Nicholas II. Akaonawo kukura Kusagutsikana pakati vakawanda kunetseka mamiriro ezvinhu mukati umambo uye mberi. General angada dzitarisire Russia idzva akava autocrat, zvikuru proactive, takagadzirira kuchinja, izvo refu nonoka pachena yaitonga hurongwa. Pamwe chikamu nei General Ruza akatengesa mambo.

The zvakataurwa kuchisimudza korona

Pazuva kwematsutso 1917 rokutanga, namambo vachibva Tsarskoye tiiviste kuna muPskov, apo kumuzinda Northern Front. Asi hapana munhu akasangana namambo kana yebhuruu chitima rake yendarama makondo yakasvika papuratifomu. Chete papera nguva paiva Nikolai Vladimirovich, vakatevera mumotokari, apo akanga mambo. Mangwana acho Ruza zano mambo kuti nokuzvidira murege masimba namambo. Kwapera nguva, General briefed Nicholas II C gwaro, yaiva mhinduro masoja uye vezvikepe ari mubvunzo chete: "? Ari renunciation rwechigaro choumambo Romanov" "ndivanaani" nokuti "kana" pamusoro Anenge zvose akasarudza kusarudza wokutanga, pamwe kunze General Kolchak, uyo akatora munhu asave nedivi raanotsigira. Pakati pousiku Kesari akaisa Nikolai Vladimirovich uye vamiririri State Duma of manifestos umo akapa yamambo masimba mukoma wake Michael. Vomunguva nhasi anekodzero kutaura kuti, zvichida, General Ruza - mutengesi, asi chaizvoizvo - debatable.

kurizaina

Apo Nikolai Vladimirovich akanzwisisa kuti Russia vakadonha zvachose autocratic ezvinhu, iye tendered yokurega yake, iyo pakupedzisira chakabvumwa. Kuti adzorere utano, mukuru akatumira kuCaucasus. Power munyika ndokupfuura dikidiki Hurumende muzhizha 1917 Ruza kupinda musangano murayiro mukuru pakati Armed Forces, iro akapindwa vamiririri hurumende itsva.

General akabvunza kubva nhengo hurumende kudzorera hurongwa munyika, kubvisa mhirizhonga nezvaiva muhondo neparuwa. Alexander Kerensky ipapo Ruzsky nehasha kushorwa kuedza kuderedza nhoroondo uye vadzorere umambo.

The kuuya nesimba Bolsheviks

Kana simba munyika vakapfuura kusvikira "kuruboshwe" mukuru rechiuto vakatsamwa akatora nhau. Apo aiva panguva iyoyo General Ruza? Pyatigorsk rava utiziro rokupedzisira kwaari. Nokukurumidza guta maigara "zvitsvuku", iro akaita kusungwa ane ruzivo wehondo Russian. The Bolsheviks vaiziva pamusoro wake akashinga munorumbidzirweiko, saka Nikolai Vladimirovich aida kurwa kudivi ravo. Asi iye wakaramba, nokuti raakanga akaurayiwa Pyatigorsk kumakuva. General Ruza, ane rufu yakaitika October 19, 1918, uye havana kuziva mukukunda kuruboshwe rinonzi "The Great October Socialist Revolution", Positioning rive "pamwero mukuru ugororo." Imwe nzira kana mumwe, asi inozvikudza wavarwi akaita rakakura basa nevapanduki d'pokupidigura hurumende nechisimba uye akakwanisa pamwe kuwana rukundo ari "Kuruboshwe", iro pakupedzisira akamupa mubayiro chii kunyimwa upenyu.