Vasily Grossman: upenyu uye mugumo

Pane imwe nguva wechikemikari wechidiki akasarudza kusiya basa rake repasi uye kupa upenyu hwake kune mabhuku. Uyewo akatanga kunyora. Akatanga neHondo Yenyika, akazosvika kuHondo yeStalingrad. Asi inozivo pamusoro pokukunda kukuru paVolga yaiverenga chete mumapuranga eLubyanka. Vasily Grossman munyori, mutori wenhau, mutsamba wemauto. Bhuku roupenyu hwake hwose rakabudiswa makore gumi namashanu mushure mekufa kwake.

Hondo muhupenyu hwaGrossman

Kubvira pakatanga hondo, iye oga akanyora Vasily Grossman. Hupenyu hwake hunotangira kubva paudiki hwake muguta duku reVinnytsia, uko mukomana kubva kumhuri yakangwara yechiJudha yakadanirwa kuti ave nyore kwete Joseph, asi Vasya. Iri zita rakange rakagadzirirwa kwaari uye rikava chikamu chemunyora wenyora.

Kubvira achiri muduku aifarira kunyora. Kushanda muDonbass, akanyora mapepa epepanhau reko. Zviratidzo zvekutanga zvepeni zvakatsaurirwa kune vagari vemunharaunda yemigodhi. Mutevedzeri wemangwana wenhoroondo ye "Life and Fate" aiva nemakore makumi maviri nematatu apo iye pakupedzisira akasarudza kubatanidza hupenyu hwake nekunyora. Uye makore matatu gare gare Hondo Yenyika Yakakura yakatanga, uye Vasily Grossman vakaona zviitiko zvinotyisa zvikuru munhoroondo yevanhu. Kusvikira mazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake akararama nezviitiko izvi uye akazviratidza mumabhuku ake.

Kuzvitsaurira kwamai

Moto, kusagadzikana, guruva uye ropa revakakuvadzwa - uyu Grossman aizviziva pachake. Mumiririri wemauto, akapfuura muhondo kubva pakutanga kusvikira pakupedzisira. Akanyora zvinyorwa, mauto emasasa uye haana kunyara kubva mberi. Uye pane imwe nzvimbo kure, muGhetto yechiJudha, amai vake vakafa. Kufanana nemhando yaakasika, Vasily Grossman akanyora mai vake tsamba apo akanga asiri mupenyu.

Mutsva, zvipfeko zvevanhu vakasiyana zvakabatana. Mumwe nomumwe wavo anotambudzika nenzira yake. Vamwe vanoparara mumaoko emauto eSS, vamwe - muhondo. Asi kune vamwezve. Rufu rwavo runouya nerufu rwevadikanwa. Mukadzi weStrum mushure mekufa kwemwanakomana wake anofamba, anopemha uye anotaura, asi anoziva kuti haasi kure. Uye haagoni kuita chinhu nokuti ane marwadzo ake. Kusuruvara kwekurasikirwa naamai hakusi ndicho chinangwa chikuru mubasa, asi ndiye iye akazvitsaurira bhuku kuna Vasily Grossman.

Imba yacho "chikamu chiduku chimwe"

Imba iri paPenza Street yakava pakati pezvinyorwa mubhuku re "Life and Fate". Chiratidzo chekushinga kwevarwi veRussia chakaenda munhoroondo sechivakwa, kubatwa kwevakauraya mauto eGermany kudarika mubasa reParis. Imba yakakurumbira Pavlova Grossman inoratidza mubhuku rake. Asi munyori anongwarira kwete kungova nesimba chete uye ushingi hwevanhu vake, asiwo kune mufaro, nyore, munhu. Nenzira yakanaka, izvo zvinogona kuitika kunyange mumatongo eStalingrad, munguva dzekupedzisira dzehupenyu.

Upenyu uye kuguma pashure pehondo

Yaiva hurukuro yehondo mumakore apfuura-hondo iyo Vasily Grossman akapira basa rake. Kuongororwa kwemabasa aya nevatsoropodzi veSoviet vakanga vasina kunaka. Mapurisa akaona mabhuku anonzi anti-Soviet overtones. Apo munyori wenhoroondo "Life and Fate" akafa, akanga asati ava makumi matanhatu. Zvichida aizorarama kwenguva yakareba kudai aigona kubudisa inoverengeka yaakaisa mweya wake wose.

Mubasa rake guru, Grossman haana kudzivisa nyaya yemusasa, uko vasungwa vaiva vezvematongerwe enyika "vezvakaipa". Kusungwa kusina kururama uye kuongororwa kwechisimba kwakagadzirwa nehurumende kuchengetedza hurumende kunyange apo muvengi akanga ari kunze kweMoscow. Uye zvinonyanya kukosha - bhuku racho rine chimiro chisingaoneki pakati paStalin naHitler.

Gare gare kutsoropodza kwakananga kwakadaro muurongwa hwemifananidzo hwakanga husina kukanganwirwa kuna Grossman. Bhuku racho rakabatwa. Uye chete muna 1980, mune imwe nzira isina kumboitika, yakasvika kune imwe nyika, uko yakabudiswa.

"Treblin gehena"

Vasily Grossman akararama makore makumi mana mushure mekupera kwehondo. Mabasa ose epanguva iyi aive echoes yezvakanga zvararama uye zvakaonekwa muma makumi mana. Munyaya "Treblinsky Gehena", munyori anoedza kuwana mhinduro kumibvunzo yekuti nei Himmler akarayira muna 1943 akakurumidza kuparadza vanopfuura mazana masere vasungwa ve "musasa wekufa". Kurwisana kwakadaro kusina kutsanangurika hakuna kukanganisa chero pfungwa ipi zvayo. Kunyange mafungiro eReichsfuehrer SS. Munyori wepanhau akafunga kuti izvi zviito zvakazoitika mukukundwa kweRombo Army muStalingrad. Sezviri pachena, kumusoro kwacho kwakatanga kufunga pamusoro pemigumisiro yekuswedera uye chirango chinouya. Zvaive zvakafanira kuparadza mararamiro emhosva.

Vasily Grossman akafa kuMoscow muna 1965. Pamba, basa guru rehupenyu hwake rakabudiswa muna 1988. Yanyanyisa. Asi zvakapfuura kupfuura M.Suslov akafanotaura chiitiko ichi. Muongorori weSoviet, anzwa nezvechirongwa chacho, akati: "Bhuku rakadaro rinogona kudhindwa mumazana maviri emakore, kwete kare."