Chii multi-musiyano wezvinyorwa evanhu kukura? Ndezvipi mhando makambani

Nhasi isu kutaura kuti multi-musiyano wezvinyorwa evanhu kukura. Revolution uye utendeuke - chinhu chokutanga chatinofanira kusangana. Next!

nadzurudzo

Chokutanga, ngationei kuti nemagariro kukura multi-musiyano - zviri zvose nzira iyo yakasiyana zvikuru kuva. Hapana chakavanzika kuti kukura vanhu havagoni kuva Linear, nekuti izvo pane dzinoverengeka akasiyana, izvo zvakasiyana chaizvo kune mumwe zvakakwana. Nature evanhu budiriro inogona kutora mbiri dzinokosha siyana: kuchinja nokumukira. Ngatitorei kunyatsoongorora pakutanga.

Saka, chii chinonzi zvinhu? Kubva Latin rakashandurwa kuti "exchange". Reform - nzira zvemagariro, iro riri chinozoiswa zvishoma nezvishoma, kuburikidza nguva kushandura nomumwe zvinhu. A maitiro chinhu ndechokuti havasi kutyora mamwe mitemo dzinokosha. Zvinhu zvinogona kunge mberi uye regressive. Zvinosuruvarisa kuti inofanotaura zvakaoma chaizvo. Zviri pachena, mhando yekutanga kunounza pachena vanobatsirwa iye zvino kana kuti munguva yemberi (somuenzaniso, kuchinja zvikuru Alexander II), uye wechipiri - kukuvadza (somuenzaniso, pakaunda-kuchinja Alexander III). Zvinonzi kunzwisisa kuti kufambira mberi kuchinja kubvumira muvanhu kuti danho iri kwayo kukura, uye regressive kana reactionary muvanhu huchadzokerazve yapfuura Danho okukura.

dzidziso pamusoro kuchinja

Pane zvinhu zvitatu chikuru umo kuchinja zviri rakatangwa. Chokwadi, vanogona kuzivikanwawo zvikuru, asi dzinokosha - chete izvi zvitatu: enyika, zvoupfumi uye zvemagariro. Wekutanga pfungwa zvimwe transformations muupenyu enyika (kuchinja mitemo, masimba, mazuvaano pamusoro nesarudzo ezvinhu, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Ekupedzisira chinangwa kuchinja upfumi chinoumba, ndiko, zvose zvine chokuita basa hwenyika (mutemo antitrust, excise mabasa, private mabhizimisi, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Social okuchinja zvainanga vanhu pacharo. Vanogona kuvandudza kana aomerwe noupenyu vanhu (kuchinja mudyandigere zera, zvemagariro kuchengeteka, urongwa mabasa uye zvichingodaro. D.).

Zvinhu zvinogona kuitwa zvose zvatinoita vanhu, nokuti hapana chokwadi kuti hazvina unochinja. Vanogona kuva shoma zvazvinoita, uye anogona kukweva nokuchinja evanhu ino kana shanduko simba vari: kuchinja Peter I, ari kuchinja kubva 90-ies wekupedzisira remakore kuRussia, uye zvichingodaro ..

chimurenga

Multivariance munzanga budiriro - hazvisi chete kuchinja, asi chimurenga. Kubva Latin shoko rinoshandurwa se "nevapanduki." Tinogona kutaura kuti chimurenga - icho muitiro chakatarisana kuchinja. Anoti imwe Qualitative uye quantitative kuchinja zvakawanda kana mabhora vose munzanga, izvo zvinoitwa kusarudza pavari. Kakawanda izvi the uye nokumukira, izvo ane migumisiro yenguva refu. Revolution inogona kwenguva refu uye pfupi. Aimbova hunogara refu kwazvo nguva: somuenzaniso, neolithic Revolution. Wechipiri rapera gore.

Innovation uye mazuvaano

Multivariance Social budiriro hazvibviri pasina utsanzi. Pari, Pfungwa dzakadai chimurenga kana zvinhu, zviri kwaidarika neshoko "utsanzi". Chii? Izvi duku kuraswa kuvandudzika iyo Kunowanzurudza chinhu kupedza yakasimbiswa ezvinhu. Uyewo, unogona kazhinji kuwana chinhu chakadai "mazuvaano". Nyanzvi dzezvemagariro evanhu vari titsigire nyaya kukura munharaunda pamwe rokuti, nokuti chinoratidza kuchinja kubva chinhu chetsika kuvatsva, kutanga uye kwakakwana. Pane dzidziso mbiri mazuvaano:

• Primary, iyo inobva mhando kukura Western capitalism.
• The yechipiri, izvo zvinoreva yaitsiva ndivanaani uye kusiyana pakatanga vokuMadokero. Dzimwe nguva pfungwa iyi inonzi dzidziso yakananga nokukwereta kana Westernization.

munzanga budiriro Multivariance: typology munzanga

Kakawanda, nzanga dzinoiswa maererano zvina zvinokosha zvinodiwa: runyoro, nhamba management yomuropa, padanho kukura, formational maitiro. Maererano wokutanga chokuratidza kusunungurwa zvakanyorwa uye mhando preliterate munzanga. On wechipiri (nhamba akaturikidzana management, Kusiyanisa nzanga) - nyore (umo hapana musiyano pakati vanhuwo zvavo uye hurumende, pakati pevapfumi nevarombo) uye kunzwisisa (multi-Danho kudzora hurongwa, pane stratification kwenzanga) munzanga. Padanho kukura pakati pavo anogona kukudziridzwa, kukura kana underdeveloped. Formational chiratidzo nzanga classifies sezvinotevera:

• Vasingasarurani vanhu, izvo zvinosanganisira chinyakare munharaunda uye yeutongi muvanhu.
• Kirasi vanhu, izvo zvinosanganisira muranda, feudal uye capitalist munzanga.

Órgãos kusvika Marx

Chii chinogona kuva multi-musiyano wezvinyorwa evanhu kukura? Chii - isu nechekare, asi kupindura mubvunzo chii zvingava zvinobvira uchibatsirwa dzinokosha kuswedera. Navo pane zvakawanda, asi isu funga zviviri - civilizational uye formational. The yokupedzisira yakazokudziridzwa Karlom Marksom uye Fridrihom Engelsom.

Chinokosha Pfungwa dzavo nzira - munhu socio-zvoupfumi. Aunganidze pamwe, zvinoitika kuti kwakafanana kuti nzanga - the nenzanga, panguva imwe padanho pakukura uye hunoonekwa kubatana kwayo kugadzirwa uye masimba kwoupfumi kuti vanofanira kuva kuwedzera-mberi nayo. Inguva dzematongerwe kana kudavira gadziriro kuri mumashoko yose kwenzanga, uye inoita basa rinokosha kuumba voruzhinji, uye hwakada zvakanyatsobatana zvoupfumi postulates. Inofanira kuuyawo hwaro inomiririra imwe zvoupfumi, inova yakazvimirira nyaya vanopinda mamiriro ezveupfumi.

In Marx pfungwa yacho inokosha nzvimbo inogarwa inobereka masimba - vanhu uye nzira kugadzirwa, vane anodiwa ruzivo kana unyanzvi. The superstructure anosarudzwa zvichienderana chii maererano akasarudzwa. Yokupedzisira inorondedzera hwaro nokuumbwa, uye anopedza dambudziko kwenzanga kuva imwe mhando.

civilizational kusvika

Chii multi-musiyano wezvinyorwa evanhu kukura? Tsanangudzo iyi iri civilizational nzira ine nhamba dzakasiyana kubva pakutanga nzira iyi:

• The chinhu kudzidza - haasi zvoupfumi, nzanga uye vanhu, izvo anovandudza zvichienderana zvavanoda uye zvavanofarira.
• Murume chinoonekwa kwete chete semunhu anobudirira kuwana, asiwo munhu yavo yetsika, yetsika nemagariro nenheyo.
• sectors siyana munzanga vakaenzana (zvematongerwo enyika, tsika, mutemo, dzezvoupfumi). Economic budiriro asina kutamba hukuru basa.

munzanga budiriro Multivariance: mhando munzanga

Kune zvitatu marudzi inokosha makambani:

1. Traditional, umo huru chinhu okuwana - nyika. Pachayo inoendeswa zvokudya, uye rinoitwa nevanhu remaoko pamusoro wacho. Agriculture muvanhu akadaro anenge 80%. Man akararama makore 40-50. Mamirire zvinhu: akavhara magariro evanhu, hapana kutaurirana dzimwe nyika, pasi mumagariro mufambo.
2. Industrial, umo pazuva rokutanga panzvimbo indasitiri uye kuunganidza guta. Society inofambidzana akadzorwa, uye yakasimbiswa Rara dzimwe nyika, rinozivisa kwemitemo.
3. Post-maindasitiri, vane kukosha ruzivo uye mabasa. Zvinoshamisa anowedzera padanho kushandisa michina webasa, yakawedzera upenyu anotarisirwa (Makore 70). The Company rinodzorwa, pane zvematongerwo pluralism, hweruzhinji ari kukura.

Sezvatinogona kuona, multi-musiyano nzira evanhu kukura (mhando makambani tava akaongororwa pamusoro) ane misiyano yakawanda. Havasi venyika dzose nhasi vakatamira yapashure maindasitiri mhando. Chii chinogona hurumende vasara pamusoro maindasitiri pachikuva? Ita urongwa. munzanga budiriro Multivariance Ichatakura anodiwa kusimudzira maitiro kwemakore kuuya kuti kutamira postindustrial mhando.