Nyaya inoti "Imbwa Yemwoyo": chimiro cheShakovkov. Sharik naShakovkov: kuenzanisa maitiro

Muna 1925, semhinduro kune zviitiko zviri kuitika munyika, M. Bulgakov's satirical inovheti "The Heart of a Dog" yakabuda. Uye kunyange zvazvo bhuku rebhuku iri mumagazini yeNedra raive rakatangwa, rakabudiswa muna 1987 chete. Sei izvi zvakaitika? Ngatiedzei kupindura mubvunzo uyu nekuongorora mufananidzo wemunhu mukuru, Sharik-Polygraph Polygraphovich.

Mhedziso yenyaya iyo "Mwoyo Wembwa"

Kuratidzirwa kwaShakov uye zvaakazoita semugumisiro wekuedza ndiyo pfungwa inokosha yeku kunzwisisa pfungwa yebasa racho. Muprofesa wekuMoscow Preobrazhensky pamwe chete nemubatsiri wake Bormental pamuviri kuti aone kana chirwere chekuisa chibage chinobatsira kugadziriswa kwemhuka. Kuedza kwakagadziriswa imbwa. Mupiro ndiye akanga ari mutezo wakafa Chugunkin. Kushamisika kwepurofesa, chirwere chepituitary hachina kungotanga midzi, asiwo chakakonzera kuchinjwa kwembwa yakanaka mumunhu (kana kuti pane, anthropomorphic chisikwa). Nzira ye "kuumbwa" kwake ndiyo nheyo yenyaya, iyo M. Bulgakov akanyora, "Mwoyo Wembwa." Sharikov, uyo anofananidzirwa anopiwa pasi apa, anoshamisika zvakafanana naClimm. Uye kwete kwete kunze, asiwo munzira yekufunga uye tsika. Mukuwedzera, vatenzi vatsva vehupenyu mumunhu weSvonder vakakurumidza kutsanangurira Sharikov kodzero dzaaiva nadzo munzanga uye muimba yepurofesa. Somugumisiro, dhiyabhorosi chaiye akapinda muve nerunyararo, nyika inozivikanwa ye Prechehensky. Kutanga kuve nekunyanya kuderera kwePolgraph Poligrafovich, zvino kuedza kubata nzvimbo yekugara, uye pakupedzisira kutyisa kwehupenyu hweBurmental, kwakaita kuti purofesa atange kushandura zvakare. Uye nokukurumidza imbwa isina mhosva yakagara zvakare muimba yake. Ichi ndicho chidimbu che nyaya inoti "Mwoyo Wembwa."

Mhizha Sharikov inotanga netsanangudzo yehupenyu hwembwa isina pokugara, yakatorwa nemuprofesa mumugwagwa.

Street dog dog

Pakutanga kwebasa munyori anoratidzira nguva yechando Petersburg kuburikidza nekuona kwemba yake isina pokugara. Vakasviba uye vakaonda. Tsvina, yakakoshwa mvere. Rimwe rutivi rwakanyatsopiswa - yakanywa nemvura inopisa. Iri ndiro Sharikov mune ramangwana. Mwoyo wembwa - chimiro chemhuka chinoratidza kuti akanga ane mutsa kupfuura uyo akazobuda gare gare - akabvuma kumusasa, uye imbwa yakateerera ikatevera mushudziri.

Nyika ye Sharik yakave ine nzara uye yakakodzwa zvakanaka. Vokutanga vakanga vakaipa uye vakaedza kukuvadza vamwe. Kune chikamu chikuru, ivo vaiva "mapoka ehupenyu," uye imbwa haina kuvada, vachizviti "kucheneswa kwevanhu." Chechipiri, icho purofesa wacho akabva atora, chaifungidzirwa hachina ngozi: vakanga vasingatyi munhu, saka havana kukanda vamwe. Saka pakutanga kwaiva Sharikov.

"Imbwa Yemwoyo": Zviratidzo zveImba "Imba"

Kwevhiki imwe muimba ye Prechehensky, bhora rakashandura kupfuura kuremekedzwa. Akadzoka ndokushanduka murume akanaka. Pakutanga imbwa yakabata vanhu vose nekusava nekutenda uye yakanga ichiri kufunga nezvezvaida kubva kwaari. Akanzwisisa kuti aisazochengetedzwa pasina. Asi nekufamba kwemazuva akave akashandiswa kuhupenyu hunogutsa uye hutsva zvokuti pfungwa dzake dzakava dzisina kunaka. Iye zvino Sharik akanga achingofara uye akanga akagadzirira kuparadza zvose, dai chete asina kutumirwa kumugwagwa.

Purofesa airemekedza imbwa-ndiye ndiye akamutora kwaari. Akada mubiki, sezvo pfuma yake yaibatanidzwa naye pamwe chete neparadhiso yaakawana iye. Zina akaonekwa semuranda, uyo aive chaizvoizvo. Uye Bormental, uyo akarumwa nemakumbo ake, akadanwa "tapped" - chiremba haana chokuita nehupenyu hwake. Uye kunyange zvazvo iyo imbwa ichivhiringidza tsitsi rwemuverengi, ikozvino ikozvino unogona kuona humwe unhu, huchazove hunofananidzira kusarudzwa kwaShakov. Munyaya inoti "Mwoyo Wembwa", avo vakatenda pakarepo hurumende itsva uye vanotarisira kuti vabve muurombo uye "vanova zvinhu zvose" zvinotanga kuonekwa. Nenzira imwe cheteyo, Sharik akatengesa rusununguko rwekudya uye kushambidzika - akatotanga kupfeka chivharo, chakamuparadzanisa pakati peimwe imbwa mumugwagwa, nekuzvikudza. Upenyu huzere hwakaita kuti ave imbwa, akagadzirira kufadza muridzi nemhando dzose.

Clim Chugunkin

Asati ataura pamusoro pePolgraph Polygraphovich Sharikov (akasarudza zita racho pachake, uye zita racho rakagara nhaka), zvakakosha kuziva kuti ndiani aipa. Clim ndiyo inofanirwa kumira. Akanga ari muduku, asi kunze akavakwa zvakaipa. Akanga ane zvitendero zvitatu, zvisinei, pane zvose zvakarurama, nguva yechipiri, nenzira, -kuda nehutano hwemutauro. Akafa kubva nebako rinoputika. Akanga asina basa, akawana kubata balalaika mumatara. Dorowa, kutuka, kusava nehanya, kutadza kwakaipa muzvinhu zvose, tsika dzounzenza, rusununguko rwakasununguka - izvi zvikamu zveKlim zvichave zvakaratidzwa zvakazara mumufananidzo wePolgraph Polygraphovich, iyo inoratidzirwa nekuratidzwa kweShakov munyaya inoti "Imbwa yeMwoyo."

Iko kushandurwa kwembwa kuva munhu

Pakati pemabasa acho maviri, pasina mwedzi mitatu yakapfuura. Dr. Bormental anorondedzera zvakadzama zvose izvo zvichishandurwa, kunze uye mukati, izvo zvakaitika neimbwa mushure mekushanda. Somugumisiro wekumanikidzwa kwevanhu, chikara chakabuda, chichiwana tsika uye zvitendero zve "vabereki" vayo. Heino tsanangudzo pfupi ye Sharikov, iyo canine mwoyo iyo yakararama pamwe nechikamu chehutano hwehutano.

Polygraph Polygraphovich yakave nechitarisiko chisingafadzi. Nguva dzose akapikira uye akapikira. Kubva kuKlim akapiwa chido chevana balalaika, uye achiridza kubva mangwanani kusvika usiku, haana kufunga nezvevamwe vose. Akanga akafungidzira doro, fodya, mbeu. Kwenguva dzose uye haana kujaira kuronga. Kubva imbwa yakagara nhaka rudo rwezvokudya zvinofadza uye ruvengo rwekati, usimbe uye pfungwa yekuzvidzivirira. Uye kana iyo imbwa ichikwanisa kugadziriswa mune imwe nzira, ipapo Polygraph Polygraphovich yaifunga upenyu hwake kune imwe yemari mari chaiye - pfungwa dzakadaro dzakapfupiswa naSharik na Sharikov.

"Imbwa Mwoyo" inoratidza kuti udyire uye unhu hwakanga huri unhu hukuru, uyo akaona kuti zviri nyore sei kuwana zvose zvaanoda. Uyu maonero akasimbiswa paakawana shamwari itsva.

Basa reSvond mu "maitiro" aShakovkov

Mupurofesa nemubatsiri wake vakaedza pasina kuita tsika yezvisikwa zvavakanga vasika, kuronga, kuchengetedza tsika dzakanaka, nezvimwewo, asi Sharikov akanga asina hanya pamberi pake uye haana kuona zvipingamupinyi pamberi pake. Basa rinokosha munharaunda iyi yakaitwa Shvonder. Sezvo ari sachigaro wekomiti yeimba, akanga atorega kusada kudai vakangwara Preobrazhensky vakatotanga kunyatsoziva kuti purofesa akagara mune imwe nzvimbo yeimba yeimba uye akachengeta maonero ake ekare panyika. Iye zvino akasarudza kushandisa Sharikov muhondo yake. Maererano neaivshivaniyu wake Polygraph Polygraphovich akazviti aiita basa rekushanda uye akakumbira kugovera makiromita mamita nekuda kwake. Ipapo akaunza Vasnetsov kuimba, kwaaida kuroora. Pakupedzisira, kwete pasina rubatsiro kubva kuna Shvonder, akabatanidza kutuka kwenhema kune purofesa.

Mumwe sachigaro wekomiti yeimba akaronga Sharikov kuti aite basa racho. Uye imbwa yato yuro, yakapfekedzwa jekete rehombodo, yakatanga kubata makati nembwa, inonakidzwa nayo.

Uyezve bhora

Zvisinei, zvinhu zvose zvine muganhu. Apo Sharikov akarwisa Bormental nebhasikiti, purofesa uye chiremba, avo vakanzwisisa mumwe nomumwe pasina mazwi, zvakare vakatanga kushanda. Ichi chikara, chakaberekwa nekubatana kwechibvumirano chechibvumirano, Sharik kuchinjwa nekugadzirisa nekunyengera kweKlim, kwakaparadzwa. Mazuva mashomanana gare gare imbwa inotapira isina kuchena yakagara zvakare muimba. A yakakundikana kuongororwa kwezvokurapa uye yezvakaberekwa yakaratidza dambudziko rinonyangadza remunyori uye rehutano, iro Sharik naShakov vakabatsira kunzwisisa. Kuenzanisa maitiro ("Mwoyo Wembwa," maererano naV. V. Sakharov, "Satire is Smart uye Hot") inoratidza kuti kune ngozi sei kuparadza nyika yehukama hwevanhu uye hwehukama. Uku ndiko kwakadzika kwezvinoreva basa rakakonzera nhau kuti ma heroes 'akashandura kushandura kwemazana makumi emakumi akawira pasi pekurambidzwa kwezviremera.

Zvinoreva nyaya

"Mwoyo Wembwa" - chimiro cheShavkov's confirmation of this - anotsanangura chiitiko chinotyisa chevanhu chinotanga muSoviet Union mushure mekuvandudza. Vanhu vakaita se protagonist vaigara vachiva nesimba uye vakaparadzwa nezviito zvavo zvakanakisisa zvakagadzirwa muvanhu kwemazana emakore. Upenyu pane imwezve mari, kushorwa, kuzvidzwa kwevanhu vakangwara vakadzidza - izvi nezvimwe zvakafanana zvakazoitika mukati makumi maviri tsika yeupenyu.

Rimwe pfungwa inokosha inofanira kuonekwa. Ongororo Preobrazhensky - inopindira mumasikirwo emasikirwo emasikirwo, ayo anoratidza zvakare munyaya "Moyo weDhi" unhu hwaShakov. Mupurofesa anoziva izvi mushure mezvose izvo zvakaitika uye anosarudza kugadzirisa chikanganiso chake. Zvisinei, muhupenyu chaihwo, zvinhu zvose zvakaoma zvikuru. Uye kuedza kuchinja sangano nekugadzirisa zvechisimba zvinoreva kutanga kutongerwa kukanganisa. Ndicho chikonzero basa racho harinorasikirwi nekukosha kwayo kusvikira nhasi, kuva chenyevero yevanhu venguva nemadzinza.