Van't Hoff chikonzero

Isotonic zvingaitwa - rinokosha boka zvinogadzirisa, izvo kubudikidza osmotic kumanikidzwa inozivikanwa. Zviri vakadaro kukosha, izvo vanoonekwa ne mvura mumuviri, akadai: yeplasma ropa, misodzi, node, uye zvichingodaro. mvura zvose izvi zviri postoyannoem kumanikidzwa munzvimbo 7.4 ATM. Saka, kana jekiseni kupinda muviri kuti kusumwa, ari osmotic kumanikidzwa nemvura huchavhuniwa, sezvo huchavhuniwa zvakafanana nomwero.

Kugadzirira mhinduro yakadaro, unofanira kuita zvimwe Masvomhu. The rinofarirwa kupfuura nzira kutakura haisi vakangoerekana van't Hoff chinhu isotonic. Naro, munhu anogona exchange isotonic mhinduro wevasungwa of rakasanganiswa fuma, izvo hakusi electrolyte. The osmotic kumanikidzwa, uwandu mhinduro, uye ayo tembiricha kutsamira vari kunyanya iyo vakaratidza Clapeyron mukana wokuti vanhu vanga. Rinoshandiswa noruremekedzo kuti sanganisa zvinogadzirisa, sezvo maererano nomutemo van't Hoff, nezvinhu zvazvichanyungudutswa nemvura achazvikudza zvakafanana sezvo magasi uye nokuti kwavari aishanda vose vanonzi mitemo gasi.

Van't Hoff chokufunga - ichi chinhu, sezvinoita parameter, iyo inechirevo unhu nyaya chero mhinduro. Achitaura pamusoro kusanganiswa nerokuti pamusoro Van't Hoff chakaita yakaenzana nhamba yacho kusanganiswa ukoshi Collegiate ehupfumi akadzadzwa chichagadzirisa chete pfuma nonelectrolyte, uye zvakafanana wevasungwa, apo vamwe parameters zvose varambe kuchinja.

Zvinoreva isotonic coefficient panyama pachena kubva tsanangudzo nomumwe parameter Collegiate. Vose novimba wevasungwa zviri pafuma iri PARTICIPLE mhinduro. Nonelectrolytes handidi kuita dissociation maitiro Zvisinei, mumwe chete morekuru nefuma achava muzana PARTICIPLE. Electrolytes, mu nedanho solvation vari kana zvachose kana zvishomanana dziparare kupinda ions, saka zvichiumba nezvimedu akawanda. Zvakaratidza kuti colligative ehupfumi achavaponesa nhamba inoramba aive mhando mairi zvakasiyana, i.e. ions. Saka, isotonic coefficient achava musanganiswa zvakasiyana mhinduro imwe neimwe PARTICIPLE. Kana tikafunga mhinduro mishonga, zvinogona kuonekwa kuti inoitwa mhando nhatu nezvimedu: cations calcium hypochlorite, uyewo chloride - anions. Isotonic coefficient acharatidza kuti electrolyte mhinduro ine zvakawanda zvacho kupfuura vasiri electrolyte mhinduro. Coefficient achavaponesa kana fuma iri rwakakamukana ions - hakuna mumwe kunze dissociation pfuma.

Sezvo electrolytes simba vari zvachose pachena dissociation pezvakaitwa, zviri wakarurama kutarisira kuti Van't Hoff chinhu ichi nyaya akaenzana nokuwanda ions zviri Morekuru. Zvisinei, kutaura zvazviri, ari coefficient mutengo anogara asingasviki mutengo, rinowanikwa nokushandisa Eq. nzvimbo iyi musimbiswe 1923 kubudikidza Debye uye Hiickel. Ivo akagadzira dzidziso simba electrolytes: asi ions havazokwanisi zvipingamupinyi kufamba, sezvo zvichaita kuumba solvation deko. Uyezve, vachiri kuda kuita nemumwe, zvichitungamirira pakupedzisira kuti paumbwe boka yakadaro kuti vakatamira muna rimwe divi ne mhinduro. Ndiwo anonzi Ionic kushamwaridzana uye Ion vaviri vaviri. pezvakaitwa All kuchaitika munyika mhinduro saka sokunge rine nezvimedu shoma.

Kusakarongeka pakati ions rinotanga kuderera sezvo tembiricha achasimuka uyewo kudukupiswa yevasungwa yavo. All nokuti mune nyaya ipfupi uye mukana Rokusangana zvacho siyana mune mhinduro.