Ndeipi colligative ehupfumi?

The zvingaitwa - iri homogeneous nehurongwa izvo vanoumba maviri kana kupfuura zvinoriumba, uyewo zvigadzirwa izvo anovapo kubata yenhengo izvi. Vanogona kuva hwakasimba, mvura kana gaseous mamiriro. Funga nemvura uwandu hwezvinhu zvose zvabatanidzwa. mamiriro mhinduro. In sezvamunoita kwavo rinosanganisira solvent uye fuma ichiputswa mairi (rokupedzisira zvishoma).

Colligative ehupfumi - unhu hwavo vaya vari maererano chete solvent uye kupedzera mumushonga. Vanewo inonzi rezvizhinji kana vakagoverana. Colligative ehupfumi vanoonekwa vari blends, umo hapana kukurukurirana pakati makemikari hunhu yenhengo dzavo. Uyezve yakawiriranwa chiito mauto pakati zvacho, uye tudonhwe solvent-solvent ukaparadzawo mairi ane pfuma vari akanaka mhinduro.

Colligative ehupfumi:

1) The mhute nevezera pamusoro mhinduro iri kuvatumwa pamusoro solvent.

2) Crystallization chemhinduro iri tembiricha pazasi crystallization tembiricha kuti solvent mune yakachena chimiro.

3) Bikirai mushonga kunoitika panguva yepamusoro tembiricha kupfuura kubika yacho solvent.

4) Chiitiko kuti osmosis.

Funga nomumwe colligative ehupfumi.

The zvakanyatsoenzana panguva inowanikwa mune namahwindo ezvinhu: mvura - mhute kumanikidzwa kunoratidzwa kubva nomuti vapor. Sezvo mhinduro pemvura rukoko mugove panogutiswa mamorekuru ari solute, kuti zvakanyatsoenzana chichange yakasvika pane imwe kukosha hwemvura kufurirwa ezasi.

Chechipiri pfuma Collegiate - achidzikisa crystallization tembiricha sezvo tichienzanisa solvent chemhinduro - nokuti kuti inoramba iri solute kudzivisa kuvakwa crystals uye nokudaro kudzivisa crystallization panguva yakaderera tembiricha.

The Kubika pfungwa musanganiswa mukuru kupfuura solvent mune yakachena chimiro, nokuti kuti mumhepo dzvinyiriro kuenzana, uye mhute kufurirwa kunoitwa panguva mukuru kupisa nokuti chikamu solvent mamorekuru chokuita zvacho zviri solute.

Wechina colligative ehupfumi - the chinonakidza kuti osmosis.

osmosis - kukwanisa tama kubudikidza kuparadzana solvent riri permeable kuti zvimwe zvacho (solvent Morekuru) uye impermeable vamwe (solute Morekuru). partition ichi Anopatsanura mhinduro rurefu zviri solute kubva zvishoma pfungwa yokushanda zvichachipedza. Muenzaniso mumwe semipermeable partition kwakadaro inogona Kamudzira munhu muchitokisi mupenyu, bovine, zvichingodaro sefuro. Osmosis Fani anokonzerwa wevasungwa equalization kumativi ose akaparadzaniswa by Kamudzira kuti thermodynamically nani. kuti hurongwa. Nokuda kuti misha iri solvent ari mhinduro zvikuru kuramba muchikamu chino mudziyo pane kuwedzera kumanikidza. Izvi kumanikidzwa kunyanyisa rakashevedzwa osmotic.

Colligative ehupfumi kuti magadzirisiro vasiri electrolytes rinogona kuratidzirwa mathematically kubudikidza equations:

. Δ BP = Ekip ∙ Ona;

Δ T c. = ∙ Kzam Ona;

π = CRT.

Colligative ehupfumi vazvionere kuti zvakasiyana zvingaitwa kuti electrolytes uye nonelectrolytes mhinduro. Nokuti vapfumi vane zvishoma zvikuru. Izvi imhaka yokuti ivo kuitika kune electrolytic dissociation, uye uwandu nezvimedu yekudyidzana kunowedzera.

Colligative ehupfumi zvinonzi nevakawanda kushandiswa mumba uye kumabasa, somuenzaniso, osmosis inoshandiswa kugadzira mvura yakachena. In zvipenyu, vakawanda hurongwa vari akavakawo pamusoro colligative ehupfumi (semuenzaniso, kuwedzera chirimwa mumasero).