Social Anthropology uye mipiro dzayo multiculturalism ano

Sciences kudzidza vanhu, kazhinji kwakavakirwa zvaanorumbidza vakararama uye vomunyika. Saka, kuti muongorori ane chete paradigm yesayenzi, dzakadai tsika ezvinhu, tsika uye tsika, uye kuti chinangwa chake pakudzidza. Akagara chete muvanhu, uye vakamutarisisa sokunge "kubva mukati", "zvionerei mutengesi" navamwe mitemo uye levers chokuita vanhu (nhengo vanhu).

Asi basa iri kusimba yakaoma, kana zvakaitika kune mamwe mapoka evanhu vari kure tsika kamura nevatsvakurudzi. Izvi ndozvakaitika kudzidza Nzanga yemazuva vaAborigine vokuAustralia kana chinyakare amarudzi tsika yekare vaGiriki uye vaRoma. Dzimwe nguva kunyange kukurudzira munhu maitiro Ages munhu sokuti kwatiri isinganzwisisiki. Pakadaro, pasocial ANODZIDZA anofanira kwenguva "ngavabude" munzanga yavo, kuti vadzidze uye kunzwisisa avo vanorarama mitemo yakasiyana zvachose uye pfungwa. Izvi zvinogona kunzi "kudzidza kubva dhesiki chair."

Social anthropology, ndiyo havaoni kuti Mauss uye Durkheim, kudzidza kwayo yoga uye tsika kwapera rakakamurwa munzvimbo huru mbiri. Yokutanga rinogona kurondedzerwa se "positivist evolyutsionalizm". Vamiririri Its chikuru -. J. Fraser, E. Taylor uye Mr. Morgan. Vakaita kubva nzvimbo kukura kwenzanga kubva repasi kusvikira yakakwirira siyana. Somugumisiro, "vanhu chinyakare", dzimwe tsika dzaiva pfungwa dzavo chete, danho, uye dzimwe nguva vakafa kuguma emunhu.

Mukutanga ramakumi remakore evanhu anthropology kwakasimbiswa vangasimudzira ZVAKASIYANA - ". Kuenda Zoo" iri chiNazi Kantian antiscientism ane vanyori (R.Loui nevamwe), nzira vamutangira Izvi zviri kuitika mberi mu "kunzwisisa", weupirikiri (E. Evans-Pritchard, C. Geertz), "yokufananidzira" (V. Turner), "zvishande" Anthropology (S. Thaler, Meri Duglas). Kudzidza "mamwe" tsika mutsvakurudzi anofanira kuramba "muenzaniso" munhu ano, asi vane kuremekedza vanhu zvaari kudzidza. Chokwadi kuti munzanga hapana pfungwa chaiyo, individualism uye basa hazvirevi kuti nhengo kwenzanga ichi "nedolyudmi", mamwe hominids kana "Martians". Nzwisisa munhu imwe nguva kana tsika - huru kusvika uyu muitiro.

Social anthropology somunhu sayenzi kwenzanga uye ayo nezvainoita munhu hunakidze, anoonga basa Claude waRevhi-Strauss. Akavaka ruyamuro hwokuranga ichi sezvo structuralism. Vachitora sepokutangira Pakusarudza nguva "akagerwa", musayendisiti kuti agopfigira "mamiriro" - Somuenzaniso, vakadzi, mafungiro kune zvimwe zvitendero uye vamwe yakadaro "strata". Structural kusvika chamuita kuti zvidzidzo chechikadzi (Mead), uye akabvumira kuti kuongorora uye vamwe "Sub-tsika 'kubva panguva vatigere mumaguta makuru (Goths, punks, hippies nevamwe).

Social anthropology haasi kutsvaka kudzidza zvivako uye zvenhengo asi kuti ruzivo rwomunhu ose ayo pachena spatiality. Kana isu kusvika munhu, sezvo zvibereko pabhodhi akanyora mitemo yake nzanga iri iyo, tichakurudzirwa deredza nayo. The husingaperi kurwisa uye kuwirirana womunhu uye nzanga yaanogara, kudzidza nzira kuti nekuita kwavo - Ndivo zvinhu mikuru pakudzidza munzanga anthropology. Munzanga yanhasi hapana "chinyakare marudzi" uyewo "Orange County", asi netsika nomumwe anofanira kuremekedza uye kushivirira.