Vanhu vokutanga vari munharaunda. Munhu wokutanga apukunyukira munzvimbo

Ndivanaani vanhu vokutanga vari munharaunda? Chikamu chechipiri chezana remakore rechimakumi maviri chinoratidzwa nezviitiko zvizhinji. Chimwe chezvinyanyisa zvakange zvakaita kuwanikwa nomunhu wekunze. ISoviet Union yakanga iine basa rinotungamirira mukukwira kwekufananidzira, iyo vanhu vakapedzerwa, kutanga kutanga zvisikwa. Pasinei nokukakavadzana kwakasimba pakati pesimba rinotungamirira nyika, USSR neU.S., vanhu vokutanga mudenga vaibva kuSoviet Union, izvo zvakakonzera kukwana kwekusakwanisa kutsamwa munyika inopikisana.

1961 gore

Igumi nembiri yaApril, 1961 izuva rinozivikanwa kune chero mwana wechikoro. Pazuva ranhasi, munhu wekutanga anoenda kunzvimbo. Ndiyo nguva iyo vanhu vose venyika vakadzidza kubva kune astronaut kuti nyika yedu yakanga yakakomberedza. Yaiva ipapo, musi waApril 12, murume wekutanga mudenga akashanyira. Gore ra1919 rakagara nokusingaperi munhoroondo yepasi.

Munhu wokutanga mudenga anobva kuSoviet Union!

Mumakore iwayo kwaive nekukakavadzana kwakaoma pakati pe USSR neU.SA. Vose varipo uye ipapo vakatsvaka kukura nzvimbo. MuUnited States, zvakare kugadzirira kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo. Asi zvakangoitika kuti chipisa chemhuka kubva kuSoviet Union chaiva chekutanga kubhururuka. Aive Yuri Gagarin. Ongororo dzatove dzichiitwa, uye imbwa, iro rakakurumbira Belka naStrelka, rakapinda muvhu, asi kwete munhu.
Nyika yose yakarumbidza chiedza chekutanga, pasinei neUnited States yose ichiedza kuderedza kukosha kwendiza yake.

Zvakanga zvakaita sei

Icho chikepe chinonzi Vostok-1 chakatangira pa 9.75 kubva kuBaikonur cosmodrome, pane bhodhi raive Yuri Gagarin. Kubhururuka kwake kwakapedza nguva pfupi, maminetsi 108 chete. Hazvikwanisi kutaurwa kuti yakanga yakanyatsonaka. Panguva yekufamba kwemamiriro ezvinhu asina kukanganisa kwakamuka: kukanganiswa kwekukurukurirana kwakaitika; Icho chinonzi sensness sensor, iyo isina kuvhara imba yakazara, haina kushanda; Paivawo nekubatana kwepacesuit.

Asi nyanzvi yekugadzirisa zvinhu uye teknolojia yakazara haina kukanganisa. Akaenda, akabatwa kunyika. Asi nekuda kwekukundikana kwebhanhire remagetsi, chigadziro hachina kuburukira munzvimbo yakarongwa (110 makiromita kubva kuStalingrad), asi muSaratov, pedyo neguta reEngels.

Izvi ndezvikonzero zvekuti United States yakagara ichiedza kuisa maonero ayo pasi rose kuti ndege yaisagona kunzi yakakwana. Zvisinei, kuedza kwacho hakuna kubudirira. Gagarin akasangana munyika dzakawanda semhare. Akapiwa chikamu chikuru chezvipo zvakasiyana-siyana munyika dzakasiyana-siyana pasi rose.

Yuri Gagarin: a short biography

Akaberekwa musi waMarch 9, 1934 mumusha weKlushino mudunhu reGzhatsky (iko zvino Gagarinsky wesuwa reSmolensk) munharaunda iri nyore. Ikoko iye akapona gore nehafu yebasa revaFascist mauto, apo mhuri yose yakadzingwa kunze kweimba uye yakamanikidzwa kupinda mudugout. Panguva ino mukomana haana kudzidza, uye pashure pekunge kusunungurwa kweClass Army zvidzidzo kuchikoro zvakare.
Gagarin akapedza kudzidza nekukudzwa kubva kuchikoro chekudzidzisa uye akapinda mu Saratov Industrial Technical School. Muna 1954, akatanga kusvika kuSaratov air club, uye muna 1955, apedza kudzidza, akaita rwendo rwake rwokutanga. Pakazara pane ma196 mavari.

Akabva apedza chikoro chechikoro chebhazi uye ndokushanda sechifambisi chehondo. Uye muna 1959 akanyora chirevo kuti akabatanidzwa muboka revatsvaki vezvimedu.

Alexey Gagarin akafa kare kare, ava nemakore 34. Asi nokuda kwehupenyu hupfupi akasiya chiyeuchidzo chikuru mumoyo yevanhu vazhinji vaimuyeuka somurume akatanga kushanyira nzvimbo yekunze.

Mukadzi wokutanga mudenga anobva kuSoviet Union!

Mushure mokunge ndege yaYuri Gagarin ichienda mberi yakatanga kukura zvakanyanya. Murume uye nzvimbo vakanamatirana kune simba rakatsva. Masayendisiti akadzivira zvino kuti paiva nemukadzi. Kushivirira uye njere zvakabatsira mubatsiri wekodzero yakanaka Valentina Tereshkova. Musi waJune 16, 1963, kutanga pachigadziko chemhepo Vostok-6, akashanyira mukadzi wokutanga ari mudenga, ave akave akakurumbira kubvira panguva iyoyo kunyika yose.

Valentina Tereshkova: short biography

Akaberekwa musi waMarch 6, 1937 mudunhu reTutaevsky reYaroslavl munharaunda yemhuri. Baba vake vaiva mutyairi weterekta ndokufa mberi, uye amai vangu vakashanda mune imwe fekitari yakagadzira. Muna 1953, Valya akapedza kudzidza kubva kumakirasi manomwe uye akawana chishongo pachigadzirwa che Yaroslavl. Mukufananidzira, akadzidziswa muchikoro chemanheru.
Muna 1959, wechiduku Tereshkova akatanga kudzidzira kupisa parachutheni uye akaita mazana anenge zana.

Ne cosmonautics, akabatanidza mugumo wake muna 1962, apo yakasarudzwa kutumira mukadzi munzvimbo. Pakati pevadzidzi vakawanda, vasarudzo vashanu ndivo vakasarudzwa. Mushure mokunge vatora mu squadron cosmonaut Valentina vakatanga kusimbisa kudzidzisa uye dzidzo. Uye gore gare gare iyo ndiyo yakasarudzwa kuti iende.

Chokutanga chinonzi cosmonaut munzvimbo yakazaruka

Alexei Leonov ndiye aiva wokutanga kubva muchikepe ichi munzvimbo yakazaruka. Uyu waiva musi waMarch 18, 1965. Panguva iyoyo, pakange pasina nzira yekudzikinura kune vafudzi. Zvaisakwanisa kutamira kana kubva kune imwe ngarava kuenda kune imwe. Iwe unogona kungovimba newe pachako uye pamusoro pesarudzo yakabhururuka naye. Alexey Arkhipovich akasarudza pamusoro peizvi, nokudaro akaisa chiroto chechiitiko chinonzi Tsiolkovsky, uyo akazvipira kushandisa sluice chipinda kuti apinde mune imwe nzvimbo.

Uye zvakare USSR yakanga iri mberi kweU.SA. Ivo, zvakare, vaida kuziva izvi. Asi kupinda kwekutanga kwepakati munzvimbo kwakaitwa nomunhu weSoviet.

Zvakanga zvakaita sei

Chokutanga vaida kutumira mhuka panzvimbo yakazara, asi gare gare vakasiya pfungwa. Pashure pezvose, basa guru, rinofanira kuziva kuti munhu anozviita sei munzvimbo, haigoni kugadziriswa. Mukuwedzera, mhuka yaisagona kuzotaura zvakare pamusoro pezvavakaona.

Kusiyana kwakasiyana kwakange kuri pamiromo yevanhu vose pamusoro pekubuda kwemunhu munzvimbo yakazaruka kune dzimwe nyika. Uye, pasinei nokuti vanhu vekutanga vari mudenga vagara vashanyira, pakanga pasina chokwadi chaicho chekuti murume uyu anoita sei kunze kwechombo.

Kuumbwa kwevashandi kwakasarudzwa nenzira yakanyatsochenjerera. Mukuwedzera kune data yakanakisisa yemuviri, kubatana nekubatana kweboka rose zvaidiwa. Astronauts vaiva Belyaev naLeonov, vaviri vanobatanidzwa mune unhu hwavo hwemunhu.
Iyo astronaut yakanga iri pamusoro pemaminitsi gumi nemaviri, panguva iyo iyo yakabhururuka katanhatu kubva muchikepe ndokudzoka zvakare. Dambudziko rakamuka apo aida kudzokera kujongwe. Sutu iri mumoto yakanyorovesa zvokuti yakanga isingagoni kupinza mukati. Mushure mokunge tisingakwanisi kubudirira, Leonov akasarudza kupikisana nemirayiridzo yekushambira mukati ne musoro wake, uye kwete netsoka dzake. Akabudirira.

Alexei Arkhipovich Leonov: pfupi biography

Akaberekwa musi waMay 30, 1934 mumusha weSiberia, pedyo neguta reKemerovo. Baba vake vaiva miner, uye amai vake vaiva mudzidzisi.

Alexei akakurira mumhuri huru uye waiva wepfumbamwe. Kunyange padiki rechikoro akazotanga kufarira mhirizhonga, uye mushure mechikoro chesekondari akapinda chikoro chevatyairi vengoro. Akabva apedza kudzidza kuchikoro chevarwi vengoro. Uye muna 1960, vakatsanangurira kusarura kwakasimba, vakanyoreswa munyanzvi.

Leonov akazotiza muna 1965. Kubva muna 1967 kusvika muna 1970 akatungamirira boka revana rekudenga. Muna 1973, akasarudzwa kuti aende pamwe chete nevashambadzi veUnited States, apo kwenguva yekutanga munhau vakagadzira nzvimbocraftcraft.

Alexei Leonov nhengo yepasi rose yeboka reAstronaut, mudzidzisi we RAA uye co-chairman wesangano revatambi vemauto vari munzvimbo.

Munhu uye nzvimbo

Kubata pamusoro pemusoro wezvinhu zvakasikwa, hazvibviri kutaura nezvevanhu vakadai saSrolevlev naKe Tsiolkovsky. Havasi vanhu vokutanga vari mudenga uye havana kumbove varipo. Zvisinei, mune dzimwe nzira nekuda kwezvavanoita nemabasa, murume akachiriona.

Sergei Pavlovich - muumbi we rocket uye teknolojia yekasa yeSoviet Union. Yakanga iri paanofunga kuti Nyika yekutanga yepasi rese uye Vostok-1 naJuri Gagarin vakatumirwa mubhodhi. Apo cosmonaut yakafa, mune jekete rake yakawana mufananidzo weSergei Pavlovich.

Konstantin Eduardovich - nyanzvi yezvokudzidzisa-inodzidziswa, inofungidzirwa kuti ndiye akatanga nheyo yezvinhu zvinonzi cosmonautics. Iye ndiye munyori wemabasa akawanda esayenzi uye anofadza, akaparadzira pfungwa dzekuongorora nzvimbo.