Zviratidzo zvegadziriro uye basa rinokosha reva crustaceans. Kukosha kweva crustaceans mune zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwehupenyu

Ibazi rebiology, rakabatanidzwa mukudzidza kwezvisikwa zvipenyu zviri munyika, rinonzi zoology. Chimwe chezvikamu zvaro chinoongorora zvakananga boka rezvirudzi zvakasiyana-siyana - makustoceans. Kurongeka kwavo, zviitiko zvekukosha kwebasa, uyewo kukosha kwevakaputika mune zvezvisikwa uye hupenyu hwehupenyu huchakurukurwa munyaya ino.

Systematics of crustaceans

Pakati pezvisikwa zvisingaoneki zviri mupasi redu, zvikara zvinosanganiswa izvo zvinosanganisira muTear Arropropods. Crustaceans imwe yezvidzidzo zveiyi taxon, avo vamiririri vanogara zvikuru mumvura itsva kana yegungwa. Asi vamwe vavo, semuenzaniso, nenyuchi uye marara epasi, vanogara pane nzvimbo dzisina mvura. MuClassiclass Crustaceans pinda: kirasi ye-crayfish yakadzika uye kirasi yepamusoro (decapod) crayfish.

Uyewo, imwe neimwe yeiyi ino ine zviduku zviduku-maitiro - mapoka. VaKuspustaceans vari pasi vanoita sevheti yeooplankton, saka ivo vanokosha zvikuru mukusika uye upenyu hwehupenyu. Chaizvoizvo, kuva imwe yezvokubatanidza mumaketani ezvikudya, makondombera ari pasi ndiyo fodya yezvokudya zvehove nemhuka dzakadzika mumvura. Kutenda kuvamiri vemitemo yeiopods, copepods uye branched-bodied, vagari vemunharaunda vanogara nepamusoro-grade protein feed, sezvo kuumbwa kwomuviri wekenza yakaderera kunosanganisira zviri nyore kugadzika polypeptides.

Kirasi yemakristacean akakwirira inosanganisira rimwe boka - decapod crustaceans, iyo inomiririrwa nemhuka dzakadai semakango, ma lobster, lobster uye shrimps.

Zviratidzo zvechimiro cheva crustaceans

Kuparadzaniswa kwemhuka kuchikoro kunonyanya kuve nekusiyana kwehutano hwekunze kwezvipenyu. Mumakondani ari pasi, akadai seCyclops (kuronga kwemapopododhi), daphnia (bazi rebazi), mocrica (kuronga kwean equinoxes), muviri une nhamba yakasiyana yezvikamu (zvikamu), uye mudumbu hauna maoko. Pachikamu chekupedzisira kune dzidzo yakananga - yeforogo. Muviri pachawo unobwinya uye unoonda wechitinous membrane kuburikidza iyo iyo nhengo dzomukati dzemhuka dzinoratidzira kuburikidza.

Nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzakakosha, avo vanomiririra vane chikwata chakakomba chinokonzerwa nemarara, zvinoratidzwawo nekupatsanurana kwemuviri mu cephalothorax uye mimba ine nhamba inogara ichiri mukati mavo. Nokudaro, krisfishfish dzine rutivi rwe5 ne8 muchikamu che cephalothorax, maererano, uye mudumbu ine zvikamu 6. Uyewo, iyo crayfish yakakwirira, kusiyana nemakwenzi ezasi, ine magumbo ekubvisa pamudumbu.

Metabolism uye mabasa anokosha

Sezvazvakanga zvataurwa kare, hupenyu hweva crustaceans hunowanikwa zvikuru mumvura. Nokudaro, zvinonyatsooneka izvo zvinonzi idioadaptations - kugadziriswa kune imwe nzvimbo yekugara: kufema muviri wose wemuviri kana gills, chimiro chemuviri, chimiro chine chitin uye chakakonzerwa nemvura inodzivisa mvura-calcium carbonate.

Crustacean systems, dzakadai sedzidzo, kuporesa uye zvakanyanya, zvinopa homeostasis - kuchengetedza huwandu hunowanikwa hwemetabolism. Izvo zvinofanira kuonekwa kuti ma-crustaceans ane musingafambidzwi, uye mwoyo une chitarisiko chepentagonal saccate yomuviri uye mapaundi matatu emagetsi. Kubvira pairi kuenda kune cephalothorax uye mudumbu, masheti, ayo ropa rinotakura mishonga uye oksijeni kune nhengo dzose dzechipfuwo, zvinopinda mumuviri wakavhenganiswa, unonzi myxocele. Kubva mairi ikozvino ropa rinosvibisa rinopinda mumagetsi, uko rinobudiswa kubva ku carbon dioxide uye rakazara neokisijeni, richichinja. Kuburikidza nemakomba mubhagi ye pericardial, anopinda mukati memwoyo.

Shchitni iboka rinozivikanwa reva crustaceans

Mhuka idzi, idzo boka remvura yakachena dzinogara, dzinogona kugara mumvura dzakaoma. Apo mvura inoputika, shinen iyo pachayo yakavigwa muvhu uye hairi kurasikirwa kwayo inogoneka kwenguva yakati. Mazai akaiswa nekadzi pasi pegungwa anogona kusvika makore gumi nemashanu. Zvinonyatsoendeswa nemhepo pamwe chete nevhu guru, saka nhovo dzinogara kune dzimwe nzvimbo kunze kwenzvimbo dzeAntarctica neAfrica.

Upenyu hunoenderera mberi hwekristiceans

Vamiririri vei-superclass vanosangana zvose zviri nyore maitiro, somuenzaniso, kukura kwakananga kwemvura krisfish, pamwe chete nezvimwe zvakaoma, kusanganisira zvidzidzo zvemahara. Muchiitiko ichi, kukurudzirwa kunonzi kusanzwisisiki. Icho chimiro chemirairo yemapopodhi uye branched-bodied, uye inowanikwa mumakondomu akakwirira, somuenzaniso, lobster kana lobster. Crustaceans, avo vanomiririra vane mavara epelagic kana planktonic emapuranga, anonzi nauplii uye zoae, akapararira mune zvakasikwa: ivo vagari vemhenderekedzo yegungwa reAustralia, North America, uye Europe. Zvose zvikamu zvehupenyu hwemagustaceans zvinotungamirirwa nehupenyu hwavo hwekupedzisira, hunomiririrwa ne androgenic, post-commissural uye sinus glands. Vanosunungura mahomoni anodzora nzira dzehutano hwekuita zvepabonde, kusungurudza, uye kushandurwa kwemaruva kuva vanhu vakuru.

Kukosha kweva crustaceans mune zvakasikwa uye upenyu hwehupenyu

Mhuka dziri kurongwa hwe decapods, somuenzaniso lobsters, lobster, crabs, ndeyemhando dzezvokutengeserana dzinokosha dzinopa vanhu nezvakanaka uye mapuroteni akawanda. Zvinonyanya kukosha ndevamiririri ve-crayfish shomanana: cyclops, daphnia, mbongoro dzemvura, izvo zviri zvokudya zvehove, somuenzaniso, zvakakosha saarimoni uye sturgeon.

Rwizi crayfish, rinowanzozonzi kushambidzika kwetsvina, tsvina pasi pasi rehupenyu hunosara. Kunyange zvazvo kukosha kwemakristace muzvinhu zvakasikwa uye hupenyu hwehupenyu zvinotyisa mukuderedza mamiriro ezvinhu, dzimwe mhuka dzinokuvadza, somuenzaniso, mhuka dzinokonzera kukonzera kufa kukuru kwemarudzi ehove dzebhizimisi. Uye cyclops iri pakati pezvipembenene zvehonye: rishta uye yakawanda tapeworm.

Takanga tine chokwadi chokuti mhuka idzi dziri chikamu cheMhando Arthropod iyi inokosha inobatanidza mune zvisikwa zvezvisikwa zvepasi redu uye kukosha kwemakristace muzvisikwa uye hupenyu hwehupenyu hazvifaniri kurerutswa. Mamwe mhuka dzemhuka idzi (somuenzaniso, ruzivo rwakadzika midzi crayfish, mantis) dzakanyorwa muRubhuku Rurefu, uye kuparadzwa kwavo kunorangwa nemutemo.