Vagari veBeijing (China) uye nyika yakagadzirwa

Beijing ndeimwe yemaguta ari kukura zvakanyanya munyika. Kukura kwehupfumi, kusimbiswa kwemabhizimisi nekugadzirwa kunoita China humwe hwevatungamiri mune zvematongerwe enyika emarudzi ose. Nenzira yemararamiro yenyika yakagara ichionekwa senhaka yenyika: yekare chiChina chinamato chakasara pane zvinhu zvakasiyana, dzimba, dzidziso. Ikutarisa uye chiratidzo chehupenyu huripo uye zvemazuva ano zveChina nhasi iBeijing. Vagari vomuguta vari kukura zvakanyanya, mamiriyoni evashanyi vanobva kumativi ose enyika vanouya pano.

Occurrence

Misha yekutanga munharaunda yeguta iripo iye zvino yakaonekwa kusati yatanga nguva yedu. Mumazuva iwayo, iyo yainziwo yeHondo States panguva, umambo hwekare hweYan hwakanga huri munyika idzi. Kubva panguva iyoyo, madzinza akasiyana-siyana akashandisa guta kuparadza muvengi, asi hurumende dzeBeijing dzisina kuchinja zvakawanda. Muzana remakore rechigumi, guta rakapiwa dzinza reLiao, iro rakaita iro guru repiri, richichipa zita reNanjing (mukushandurwa kubva kuChinese "kumaodzanyemba guru"). Muzana remakore rechi1, rimwe dzinza, Jin, rakabata simba romunhu mumwe chete, rakagara muguta, richiritumidza kuti Zhundu.

Beijing apo yakatorwa nevaMongolia

Muzana remakore rechigumi nemana, mauto eMongolia akapinda muChina, akatungamirirwa nevashamwari veGenghis Khan. Vakapisa nzvimbo yacho mumadota, uye mushure memakore anoda kusvika makumi mana akavaka guta idzva pano-iro guru rayo, rainzi Baba. Imwe nhoroondo inotevera yaitonga muguta iri yaiva nhoroondo yedzinza reMing. Zita rekare rokuti "Beijing" ndeyomutongi wechitatu weYongle, uye guta racho rainziwo Jingshi - guta guru. Icho chaiva chizvarwa cheMing chakaisa zvinhu zvemazuva ano zvekugadzirisa, zvakagadzira rusvingo rweguta urwo kwenguva yakareba rwakashanda sa serf. Panguva yekutonga kwake, apo huwandu hwevanhu hwakabudirira, Beijing (guta guru) ndiro guta guru munyika yose, Guta Rakatambidzwa rakatangwa, Temberi yeDenga yakavakwa. Izvi zviyeuchidzo zvechimiro chakasiyana cheChina chinoramba chiri zviratidzo zvenyika kwemakore anenge 600.

Beijing yakaramba iri guta guru reMambo Wekudenga kusvika muna 1928. Panguva iyoyo, nyika yakanga ichifamba munguva dzakaoma uye yakanyatsoparara kuva mapurovhinzi akasiyana, ichitungamirirwa nemukuru-mukuru-mukuru. Mushure mokukunda kweConservative Party yeKMT, guta racho rakaendeswa kuNanjing City, uye Beijing, guta guru rehurumende yeuto, rakanzizve Baiping. Akadzokorora zvakare kare panguva yekugara kweJapan muna 1937.

Mamwe mazita eBeijing

NezveAsia inotaura, inoratidza kuti nzvimbo yeguta iripo. Peking, iyo inogamuchirwa munyika yose, haina kufanana nechechi Chinese. Kugadzikana kwavanoita nenzira dzakasiyana. Chikoro pakati pePeking Chinese chichave chirevo chezwi iri se "Beijing". Ndicho chikonzero iwe unogona kazhinji kusangana nemarudzi ose epelenzi yezita reguta - Beijing. Nyika dzakawanda dzekuMadokero dzinonamatira kunyorwa kwechikoro, asi muRussia, Holland uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda zita rekare rinodzivirirwa - guta reBeijing.

Mukuwedzera, apo guta racho rakaendeswa kuChina chinonzi Nanjing, guta racho rakanzizve Baiping. Kune rimwe rimwe zita rezvakaitika kare muBeijing, rakadzika mumasimba aro, rakabatana neushe hwekare hweYan - Yanjing.

Nzvimbo yeBeijing

Guta reBeijing riri makiromita 150 kubva kuGungwa Dzvuku. Kubva kumadokero uye kuchamhembe kwakakombwa nemakomo, ayo anoshumira sekuparadzanisa pakati pebani nerenje reGobi. Mumazhizha ezhizha, fogs uye smog zvinogara zvichionekwa muguta, iyo inowanikwa nekuda kwenzvimbo-nzvimbo yehuni yegungwa mhepo hairegi mhepo yakasvibiswa ikasimuka yakakwana zvokuti inokunda makomo uye inobva muguta.

Ichando ichi pano hachina kupisa kune nzvimbo inotonhora, asi mhepo inenge yakanyanyisa yakawanda yehutu. Mamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anogona kuva akaoma kune nyama isina kugadzirirwa. Winters muBeijing vanowanzomhanyira pasina chando, sezvo mvura zhinji inowira pano munguva yechando. Nhaurirano dzeBeijing mumadhora ekupedzisira ndeaya: latitude 39.9075, longitude 116.39723.

Nhamba yevanhu: Beijing nemharaunda yayo

Maererano nehuwandu hwemashoko, vanhu veBeijing vanopfuura mamiriyoni makumi maviri evanhu. Pakati peizvi, chete zvishoma kudarika hafu yevagari vanogara nekunyora kusingaperi muguta. Vamwe vose vemuvanhu vanhu vauya kumaguta kubva kumapurovhinzi vachitsvaga mari. Mukati meguta pachako inorarama mamiriyoni manomwe.

MuChinese, kune dambudziko rakasimba mukusimudzirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika kubva kumaguta makuru. Vagari venharaunda dzakawanda vanobatanidzwa mumabasa ekurima, hurongwa hwekugara mumaguta huri mumucheche. Nzvimbo yakakura pakati pavo nemaguta akabudirira - Beijing, Shanghai nevamwe - inokonzera kuwedzera kwemazana akaputika kubva kumhenderekedzo dzekunze. Beijing inozivikanwa nokuda kwekuti vazhinji vanogara ikoko zvisina mvumo, vanogutsikana nebasa rekubhadhara mari uye vachigara mumatumba.

Izvo zvakarongeka zveguta racho

China ndiyo nyika yakachengetwa, uye naizvozvo huwandu hwakawanda hwevagari vayo ndudzi dzeChinese, dzinonziwo Han Chinese. Izvo zvinoratidzwa neBeijing: rudzi rwemadzinza runoumbwa ne95% rweHan vanhu. Zvisinei, muguta racho unogona kusangana nevamiri vemamwe marudzi, asi, pamusoro pezvose, dzinza reAsia. Pakati pavo, Manchus, Heiits, Mongols - nhoroondo yeChina haina kuwirirana neve nyika idzi. Chikoro chakanaka chakagadzirirwa vana veTibetan muBeijing.

Icho chimwe chiratidzo chekugarisa vanhu vanogona kuenzaniswa. Beijing inokwezva zvikuru kune vashanyi, nekuda kwekusimudzira kunoshamisa kwehupfumi, nhamba huru yevatorwa vanofudza pano. Vadzidzi, mabhizinesi, vatengesi vekutengesa - vanogara pakati peChinese chaiwo mune zvebhizimisi, vanotora tsika dzavo, vataure chiChinese.

Rimwe boka ndiro vagari veSouth Korea. Kunyange nanhasi ivo ndivo vanonyanya kudarika vari kugara muChina yose.

Mitauro yeguta racho

Panharaunda yeChina yemazuva ano, mitauro 292 inorarama yakanyoreswa uye imwezve, iyo pasina munhu anotaura. Nyanzvi nhamba dzemitauro 9 dzemitauro, pakati peyo maunogona kuwana Altaic, Austro-Asiatic, Tai-Qadai nevamwe.

Pasinei neizvi, tsika dzeChina dzinotaurwa nevanhu. Beijing, kufanana nemamwe maguta ose, inofarira mutauro wepamutemo - Putonghua. Iye ari pedyo uye anozivikanwa kune vagari vemo. Vanhu vemarudzi ose veBeijing, vane rurimi rwunobva mumutauro weMandararin, vanotaurawo chiMongolian, chiTibetan, Zhuang.

Mamwe maguta ane vanhu vakawanda muChina

Beijing inongova yechitatu muzvinyorwa zveChina maguta nehuwandu hwevagari vemo. Guta rakawanda kwazvo reChitchina guta riri Chongqing - pane vanhu vane mamiriyoni 29 vanogara mairi uye zvakapoteredza, uye vazhinji vevagari vari kunze kwenharaunda yemuguta, kureva, vanhu vekumaruwa.

Guta rinotevera nenhamba yevagari, mberi kweBeijing - Shanghai. Vanenge mamiriyoni makumi maviri evanhu vanogara mune guru rezvemari uye netsika yekambani yenyika. Maviri aya maguta, akafanana neBeijing, akavakwa mberi kwemazuva edu, akapona kurwiswa uye kuparadzwa, akavakwazve uye haana kubva awana kutarisa kwemazuva ano. Nhasi, maguta makuru muChinna haasi nenzira yakaderera mukurumbira uye zvakasikwa kune mamwe makuru makuru enyika. Zvivako zvepamusoro zvepamusoro zvinosvika kudenga, nzvimbo dzezvekutengeserana kwenyika uye nharaunda dzebhizimisi hazviregi kushanda kweminiti. Ikozvino nhasi, hupfumi hweChina humwe hwevakanyanyogadzirwa munyika.