V-2 (chitundumuseremusere) - sverhoruzhie Third Reich

Chii chete ngano havasi pari famba panguva Third Reich! Ndege pamwe mberi-yakatsvairwa bapiro kwendege uye "ichibhururuka saucers," pamusoro-muchivande tsvakurudzo yezvirwere Anenerbe iri rinenge riri makiromita pevhu ...

Most izvi zvose - zvatinosiita fabrications uye pachena delirium. Asi kwakange mumwe kwemauto umo vokuGermany zvechokwadi Zvakwana - rocketry. zvirokwazvo avo V-2 "kutsiva zvombo" raiva muzvigadzirwa budiriro. Kunyanya "akaonga" simba zvombo izvi weBritish kubvira chombo zvakagadzirwa uye kushandiswa London kurwisa.

Nhoroondo Pfupi

Mumwe V-2 raiiswa uchitanga rinokosha Mobile chimwe. On pepuranga rimwe chombo aiva kureba 14 metres, akanga vanenge tani kuti zvinoputika. Kokutanga kwakadai chombo yakawira London mukutanga September 1944. Mushure wamira gumi-Hopper, vatatu vakauraya uye 22 vakakuvadzwa murume.

Zvisati vokuGermany vakanga vashandisa kubhururuka bhomba V-1, asi unyanzvi ichi chinomirira muenzaniso itsva zvombo. The chombo rinobhururukira kuti chinangwa mumaminitsi mashanu, mauri achishandisa vasabatwa nezvenguva yaiva mberi kwake zvachose simba. Kubva kare nemaonero, ari V-2 ndiyo azvino kuedza Germany kudzivirira indasitiri vavimbezve hondo yavo nyasha. The Zvaizobuda Second World ari 'superweapon' asina simba, asi Anocherekedza chinhu chinokosha inokosha kukura munyika chombo uye nzvimbo kudziongorora.

Zvapupu akazotaura nezvenguva semirwi zvakapwanyika hombe achifumira mumhepo, uye izvi zvose Akaperekedzwa inotyisa kuputsika. Vomurova zvombo pachavo akapfuura zvinenge chinyararire: kazhinji, chiitiko ichi chakafanana chiedza donje kuti chaipenya kubva mhiri Channel.

Pamusoro pokumuka uye mutengo ...

Vanhu vangani vakafa nokuda V-2 kanda kuchiri kuzivikanwa, sezvo mashoko akadaro hakuna kunyorwa kwese. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chete imwe Britain pamusoro chombo kurwiswa vakauraya vanhu vanoda kusvika zviuru zvitatu. Ndizvo chete kugadzirwa pacharo "chishamiso zvombo" abvisa upenyu vanhu dzinenge zviuru 20.

Rockets vakavaka masimba mumusasa vasungwa. Hapana vakatenda hwavo havana kukodzera chinhu. Kuenda V-2 chitundumuseremusere pedo Buchenwald, basa rakanga siku nesikati. Kuti paitwe muitiro, nyanzvi (kunyanya welders uye turners) vakaunzwa zvimwe yevasungwa German. Vanhu vari kuziya, vakanga vakaramba kubva chezuva kupinda pachivande bunkers. Nokuti chero mhosva vasungwa vasungirirwe zvakananga pamusoro Crane gungano mitsetse.

The anosika zvitundumuseremusere izvi, Wernher von Braun, zvichida ndiyo shasha wenyika chitundumuseremusere. shasha zvakaipa, imi munoti von Braun haana vakatambudza avo vari kuenda kusika zvombo zvavo, mamiriro ezvinhu umo vasungwa anotambudzika vaishanda uye akafa. Zvisinei, kuzivikanwa kwevanhu chakanakira aiva chinokosha mujinga dzairwisa mushure kubatwa ari michina mapepa ari zvombo akabvuma ukuru kukura German muzvirongwa zvavo.

Next, kusvikira nyeredzi!

Nokuti nguva yaro, iyo chitundumuseremusere injini yakanga simba chaizvo: akakwanisa kurinhonga kuti nekukwirira vanenge 80 makiromita vari kutiza siyana dzinenge 200 makiromita. Simba chirimwa vakavhiyiwa musanganiswa okisijeni uye michina panyaya iyi. Zvinokosha zvikuru kuti vanhu vokuGermany vakatanga kushandisa oxidant wedzerai (okisijeni), iro akaiswa mugaba muchikepe chitundumuseremusere. Izvi zvinoita yakazvimirira ambient mhepo. Uyezve, sezvo akakwanisa yekudyidzana kuwedzera injini simba. Tinogona kutaura kuti V-2 chitundumuseremusere kwaiva Nzira yokutanga kuti zvechokwadi anogona kusiya Earth, kusvika pezvakasikwa.

Chokwadi, muduku kukura munharaunda iyi paiva vanenge 30-ies wekupedzisira remakore. Asi ivo vose dzinoratidzwa zvikuru mwero saizi, duku kuchengeterwa peturu, uye nzvimbo dzavo kugadzira hapana kunyange akafunga. Nokudaro, V-2, "chombo Super" the Third Reich, aiva springboard chaiye kuti akabatsira zvose zvevanhu kuongorora pedyo-Earth nzvimbo.

muzvigadzirwa budiriro

Asi kunyange izvi hazvina mwoyo wevanamakanika sungano inoti. Chinonyanya kukosha rwokugadzira utsanzi, iro massively kushandiswa pakuvaka zvombo izvi rava zvakazara zvionera hurongwa kukanganiswa.

Mumazuva iwayo kwaiva zvokungofungidzira chaiye, kuita kuti chaiye aikwanisa chete V-2! "Chombo Super" the Third Reich aigona rova zvayo chipfuro zvachose pasina kudikanwa zano-kubva pasi. Kuti vawane anoshamisa migumisiro yakadaro, kuti Developers German kushandisa nyore (nokuti mazuva iwayo) Electronics. The "rwendo kombiyuta" usati watanga kupinda Coordonatele zvinangwa iro uye 'chakabatikana' chitundumuseremusere.

Other rwokugadzira zvingaitwa

Uyezve, akanga kutanga kushandiswa zvakananga nokuda gyroscopes, izvo pamwe yakawanda nemazvo yakagadzikana kutiza. Handlebars vanoda pamusoro lateral stabilizers akaruramisa dzaizotungamirira chiitiko kuti chombo vakatsauka kubva yakatarwa kosi. Ndosaka kunyange pakuguma hondo Soviet Union pamberi, United States uye Britain vaida kutora mabikirwo hwokubereka V-2 (fungidzira naye ipapo mapeji ino).

Nezvikonzero pachena, von Braun haana zvokutadza vaishuva kuti mumaoko varwi Soviet, achisarudza American "musungwa". The Soviet Union hwakagara zvinenge yose gungano mutsetse, zviitiko dzinoverengeka zvitundumuseremusere uye vashoma vanhu unyanzvi vashandi. Russian uye American nyanzvi namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara midziyo zvinhu, dzakawira kunyika yavo, chaizvoizvo hampaat. Zvisinei, Yankees German V-2 chitundumuseremusere zvakadaro kufarira kuti pakarepo akatora shoma zvipenga munyanza. Pane nzira itsva yave kushandiswa vamwe dzemakomo kuedza.

Brown pakuzadzisa

MuUnited States vakaziva kuti V-2 constructor izvo chinokosha kupfuura ungano mutsetse nokuda kwayo kugadzirwa. Von Braun aiziva kuti vokuAmerica pakarepo kupa naye zvose zvakafanira kuti upenyu hwakanaka uye kuramba zvakare basa, asi nokuti nokukurumidza mapfumo vatsigiri. Tinofanira kubhadhara mutero kuna murume uyu: pasinei chacho vanoshingaira mubasa purogiramu kusikwa intercontinental zvombo, akaita zvose zvaanogona kuti huru basa dhipatimendi ake rinotarisa kukura purogiramu nzvimbo, nekuti ndizvo zvaakanga arota zvinenge zvose hwangu.

Nokukurumidza zvombo musiki V-2 anoita ayo American shanduro, "Redstone". Iri chokwadi kuenderera mutsara zvitundumuseremusere German, ne "zvizorwa" kuvandudzwa kuduku uye kuwedzererwa. Papera chinguva, munhu yakadzokororwa uye yekudyidzana akavandudzika shanduro "Redstone" muna 1961, vanhu vokuAmerica vakashandisa kusunungura kupinda muchadenga asitironati rayo rokutanga, Alan Shepard.

Nhaka von Braun

Saka, kuwana kubatana pakati avo zvombo vakanga vachienda kwaizourayisa nezviuru vasungwa vehondo, uye wokutanga ndege muchadenga hakuna kuoma zvakadaro. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, vokuAmerica kuzviwanira chete musiki V-2, asiwo vose rwokugadzira munzvimbo iyi. Technology, mutengo rakakura pfuma, chinonyanya kukosha zvakanga hwevanhu.

Kamwe pane vazhinji kwakatooma yetsika uye zvetsika zvine mubvunzo: sei chaizvoizvo zvakanga kutumira munhu muchadenga, rakagadzirwa nevanhu Satellite Nyika akafamba pamusoro mwedzi, kwete kushandisa michina iyi, iyo yakataurwa nemasayendisiti nevaNazi? Chokwadi, Soviet Union neUnited States vane kukura kwavo, asi "rubatsiro" weNazi Germany akabvumira kuponesa yakawanda nguva uye mari. Kazhinji, hapana kusingaenzaniswi chakaitika nguva ino: hondo chete zvakakurudzira maindasitiri zhinji yesayenzi. Mune 30-40s remakore rapfuura riri kunyanya zvakakanganisa chitundumuseremusere, iyo kusvikira panguva akagara akapotsa kuchangotanga.

Chinokosha mipiro muchadenga ubanguranyika

Kazhinji, misimboti idzodzo dzinokosha pamusoro izvo akakurukura V-1 uye V-2, handishanduki yekudyidzana mumakore makumi manomwe. The vakawanda kuvakwa chitundumuseremusere injini anoramba kuzochinja, mura rinochiwedzera zvinoratidza kuti ndicho chakanakisisa sarudzo, uye ndege Kudzikamiswa hurongwa uye vachiri kushandisa chete gyroscopes zvose. Zvose izvi sarudzo kamwe vakaisa inobvuma V-2. "The chombo kunotozowedzera" akaratidza kamwe zvakare simba pfungwa dzevanhu. Nokuda akangoshandisa magadzirirwo, murume aiva chiyeuchidzo chenguva dzose kuti sayenzi vanofanira nguva dzose kungwarira vanhu.

ano mashandisirwo

Usafungidzira kuti Faa nhasi ariko chete muchimiro hurumende nzvimbo zvirongwa. Anenge 15-20 apfuura vamwe iyi vakatanga kutaura kuti nokukurumidza kusikwa chitundumusere-musere achava anozviita edzimba unyanzvi. Nhasi, Eroni musk akaratidza chokwadi chemashoko aya.

Panguva iyoyowo, vanhu ava havagoni kuvimba kubatsirwa makambani simba, hapana kuvatenda. Uye zvakatonyanya kudaro vangadai vasina munhu kutamira michina iro tinogona kuvaka chitundumuseremusere. Rubatsiro akauya zvakare V-2. Zvakanga wake zano vanoumba hwaro chitundumusere-musere edzimba Makontakta huchakurumidza kutanga zvipikirwa kunomisa huru yepasi pose Zvinorayirwa hurumende zvekutepfenyura,.