Ukraine. Lugansk nharaunda

nharaunda iyi Ukraine, kusvikira ichangopfuura, kunyanya vanzwa chete vanhu venyika ino uye vagari yaimbova USSR. Nhasi Lugansk nharaunda iri kunzwa zvachose.

tsananguro

Lugansk nzvimbo kumatunhu kumabvazuva Ukraine. It iri pamapani, kuvakoka kubva parwizi mumupata. Seversky Donets. In rwezasi ndiko Donetsk muhomba, uye kurutivi rwokumusoro ndizvo Spurs of Central Russian Upland. Nemhaka okunze akanaka uye zvakanaka nzvimbo, nharaunda iyi kwagara inogarwa nevanhu. Lugansk nharaunda miganhu Donetsk (South-West) uye Kharkiv (northwest) kumatunhu Ukraine. Uyezve, iye ane muganhu refu pamwe Russia. Kumabvazuva, kumusoro nezasi nayo muganhu pamusoro Voronezh, Belgorod, Rostov mudunhu Russia.

Key Features

Lugansk nharaunda pakugadzwa kuchamhembe kusvika kumaodzanyemba 250.? Km. Kubva kumabvazuva kusvika kumavirira kureba kwarwo 190? Km. The ndima Luhansk -. 26.7 zviuru km riri 4.4% kubva kuUkraine nyika. The chivezwa kwenzvimbo iri pachena rinopfungaira, kubva Seversky Donets River achifumira kumaodzanyemba uye rwokumusoro.

History dzidzo

Kwemazana emakore akawanda ndima iyi, inonzi Wild Field, akaparadzaniswa Russia kubva Crimean Khanate. Muzana XVI remakore. pano dzinotanga kuumbika varindi basa. Panguva ino, akawandisa varwi vamambo kuonekwa munzvimbo. Pakupera yacho XVII remakore. Pano, mutsva nhoroondo nharaunda - Sloboda. Kuti vabatane kupinda imwe marasha kumatunhu Donetsk dunhu rayo pakati muguta Lugansk rakavakwa muna 1919, iyo iripo nokuda 1925. C 1925 kusvika 1930 imomo Lugansk mudunhu. Muna June 1925 mupurovhinzi yacho Ukraine kunge chabviswa, uye County akapfuura pasi zvakananga kutarisira Ukrainian SSR.

Aripo zita Lugansk nharaunda akagamuchira muna 1958. Pamberi kuti, sezvo kuparadzana Stalin nzvimbo muna 1938, rainzi Voroshilovgrad. Zvisinei, pakutanga zita shure munguva kubva 1970 kusvika 1990. Zvadaro kwakasarudzwa kuzodzosera vasanangurwa zvapedzisira kuzvipedza. Pashure pokuwa USSR, Lugansk nharaunda akaramba chikamu akazvimirira Ukraine.

zvicherwa

nzvimbo iyi inozivikanwa deposits avo yepamusoro marasha. Vanomhanya mukati mabhiriyoni ematani. Chetatu kwavari - chemubhotoro, uye-zvikamu zviviri muzvitatu - anthracite. Found pano negasi deposits. Munzvimbo dzakawanda Lugansk nharaunda akawana sandstone, reraimu, marl, choko, That siyana. In Lugansk, Lisichansk, Severodonetsk, Starobelsk akaziva chicherwa matsime.

okunze

On mundima Luhansk nharaunda ine unozvidzora Continental ekunze. Muna January, avhareji tembiricha iri -15 ° C, uye muna July +35 ° C. Munzvimbo iyi, muchando nekaupenyu chando. Its nevamwe chinhu ndiyo unopinza mhepo yezasi-kumabvazuva uye kumabvazuva uye kwazvo frosts. Summers vari sweltering uye yakaoma. In autumn, muna Luhansk ushamwari yakaoma uye jeka. The kunayisa anenge 500 mm pagore.

Nevhu uye uswa

nyika yakaorera - ndiko kwagara inozivikanwa Ukraine. Lugansk nharaunda, muchiitiko ichi - hapana anosara. Zvinonzi hunodzorwa ivhu dema. Power yakaorera inotungamirwa mune dzimwe nzvimbo 1-1.5 mamita ukobvu. Panewo zvakajairika pevhu nevhu. Vakawanda Luhansk dunhu - inowanzorimwa. Masango havasi zvakakwana - vakabata vanenge 7% mundima.

upfumi

The yakanaka nenzvimbo nzvimbo nharaunda pave kukura upfumi. nzvimbo iyi refu dzakasimukira. Its zvakwakanakira ndiwo:

• napedyo kune mbishi zvinhu vapfumi nzvimbo dzakadai North Caucasus, ari Dnieper, kuti Black Earth Russia;
• tsime kunyatsobudirira richikurukura migwagwa uye njanji;
• napedyo kuti maindasitiri makuru nzvimbo uye kumatunhu (Kharkov, Center kuti Russia, Rostov-on-Don).

The yakakurumbira Lugansk nharaunda? 2014 vakauya kuparadzwa zvose sectors hwenyika mudunhu rino. Munguva ichangopfuura, yava rikabudirira mugodhi uye namakemikari maindasitiri, rinorema engineering, simbi, kurima. nharaunda Izvi pakati shanu kupfuura dzakabudirira maindasitiri uye zvoupfumi kumatunhu Ukraine. Rakanga kusimbiswa kuti 5% yacho basa simba uye anenge 4,6% munyika yacho huru zvinhu. Industry kwaiva aitungamirira nemauto hwenyika. mugove yayo chakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa vakasvika-nepedyo matatu.

The maindasitiri kunzwisisa kuti Lugansk nharaunda

The multi-kunzwisisa kuti Lugansk nharaunda achitungamirira kugadzira indasitiri. The zvachose goho rayo zvinoenderana inenge 72%. Rinomiririrwa nemakambani Refinery chemubhotoro kugadzirwa, zvokuimba engineering, petrochemical uye makemikari maindasitiri. Munzvimbo yokushanda mafekitari kuti kugadzirwa pulp uye bepa, zvokudya, zvokuvakisa. Luhansk zvinogona kuwanikwa kwete chete muUkraine asiwo kure nemiganhu yayo. The chikuru dzokutengeserana shamwari yacho nharaunda yaiva Russian Federation.

Industrial nharaunda

Nharaunda ine vashoma inorema maindasitiri. Pane ari yakatangawo uye mafuta uye simba kwemauto, vazhinji vacho vari makambani mugodhi. The zvachose Vhoriyamu okuwana, ivo pamusana anenge 18%. The kuchera indasitiri rinoumbwa kunonyanya kubva marasha Enterprises. Lugansk nharaunda iri maindasitiri kunzwisisa munyika anomira nokuda kwayo kukuru marasha kugadzirwa vanokwanisa chinonyanya mafuta achinatsa, kugadzirwa muchina maturusi, hwindo girazi, chakaita zvokugadzirwa Inogadzirwa nemasiridzi anobuda mumiti, mapurasitiki, pasoda dota, mudziyo bhodhi.

Munharaunda iyi, akaumba 3 zvikuru maindasitiri nzvimbo:

• Lugansk - specialization yaro emakambani ane muchina chivakwa, rwekushanda nesimbi, chiedza indasitiri.
• Lisichansk, Rubezhnoye-Severodonetsk - petrochemical uye namakemikari Mazinga.
• Alchevsk-Stakhanov - simbi, marasha uye muchina-kuvaka zvivako.

Mune zvinzvimbo 100 emakambani pakukura Ukraine vari:

• OJSC "Alchevsk Iron uye Steel Works."
• PP "Rovenkianthracite".
• "Luganskoblenergo" SJSEC.
• Zhydachiv pulp nebepa chigayo.
• SE "Severodonetsky senitrogen".
• Stakhanov Ferroalloy Plant.
• JSC "Linos".
• JSC "Lisichansk Inoue".

kurima

Village Lugansk nharaunda dziri nomuzongoza hwokurima mundima. Manufacturers kushandisa kugadzirwa oilseed (sunflower) uye zviyo (chando gorosi, chibage) zvirimwa. Zvikuru kukura mhuka minda uye horticulture. Vagari kuva dheri uye nyama mombe, nguruve, gwai. Muna yehuku indasitiri kunokudziridzwa zvakanaka. zvekurima Kugadzirwa zvose zviri kusimbiswa 19 administrative dzakabatana. Vari akakamurwa kugadzirwa munzvimbo nhatu (zvichienderana ivhu uye okunze uye ezvoupfumi): kumaodzanyemba, kuchamhembe uye Suburban. At kurasa vaburitsi okurima ndiyo mamiriyoni 2,2 hectares munyika, iyo mamiriyoni 1,3 hectares vari Dzinodyarwa nharaunda. Kushandisa ano okurima Michina kunobatsira kuunganidza yakakwirira chaizvo goho-siyana zvirimwa, miriwo uye manwiwa.

Vagari Luhansk nharaunda

For Luhansk mudunhu dzinoratidzwa yakakwirira azvipire urbanization. Munharaunda iyi, anenge 86,5% yevanhu anogara mumaguta. The arambe achirema vanhu 96 muzana 1 ba. ? km. Nhamba iyi - rechinomwe pakati pamaguta ose Ukraine. Vanopfuura 53% kwevanhu - vakadzi. Inenge 60% vagari yacho zviri kushanda zera. A zviuru akagwinya nhoroondo vana 706 uye pensioners. Kuberekwa mwero munzvimbo iri 6.1 ppm. Mumakore achangopfuura, muna Luhansk nharaunda muitiro vakananga depopulation. The dzinongoitika vasanyanye yaiona kunzvimbo yakanga dzisakarurama.

Muna 2013, nhamba Lugansk nharaunda vanhu mamiriyoni 2,3 pakati. nharaunda iyi ndiyo 6 kupfuura nhamba yevanhu muUkraine. Munguva kubva 01.01.2014 kusvikira 1,09. 2014 vakawanda yakaderera nezvikamu 6.6 zviuru. Man.

National sezvamunoita

In Lugansk nharaunda musha 104 vemunyika (madzinza). Mugove Ukrainians kunongova pamusoro 50% of zvachose kwevanhu. Russian - vanenge 40%. Vazhinji vavo vanogara munzvimbo pedyo Lugansk. Pakati dzimwe nhengo zvinogona kupatsanurwa Belarusians (1%) uye wechiTatar (asingasviki 1%).

chitendero

Ukraine (Luhansk nharaunda zvikurukuru) kunoratidzwa pamberi machechi akawanda. On mundima nzvimbo tiri kufunga, pane 45 nzvimbo chitendero. Vari vanomiririrwa masangano 791 ezvitendero (764 nemunzvimbo, 10 kwematunhu mahofisi uye shamwari, dzidzo masangano 5, 6 mishoni zvomudzimu, dzemamongi 6). pane 188 Sunday zvikoro munzvimbo. On muganhu Luhansk remabasa muchechi vafundisi paaivatambudza 1107.

Pakati uwandu munharaunda mudunhu:

• 58,2% - Orthodox (444 munharaunda);
• 24.2% - Mapurotesitenzi (185);
• 14% - non-chetsika dzechivanhu uye ichangobva sangano (107);
• 1.7% - vaJudha (13);
• 1.3% - vaMuslim (10);
• 0.5% - grekokatoliki (4 kusvika);
• 0.1% - Makatorike (1 munharaunda).

administrative kupesana

Mumaruwa Lugansk nharaunda: Utatu, Starobelsk, Slavyanoserbsky, Stanichno-Lugansk, Sverdlovsk, Svatovsky, Perevalskiy, Popasnjansky, Novopskovsky, Melovsky, Novoaydarsky, Markowski, Kreminna, Lutuginsky, Krasnodon, Belovodskiy, Antratsit, Belokurakinsky. Mariri, mune 933 nemisha, izvo:

• 37 - Maguta (14 - 23 uye romunharaunda - remunharaunda ukoshi);
• 109 - mumaguta;
• 787 - mumisha.

Munzvimbo mune 17 dzoruwa uye 37 makanzuru guta, 84 guta uye 206 musha yevakuru.

maindasitiri nzvimbo

Kunze Lugansk, inova huru maindasitiri muzinda kuEastern Ukraine vakakosha uye dzimwe misha iri zvoupfumi mudunhu racho. Izvi zvinosanganisira Somuenzaniso, Sverdlovsk. Lugansk nharaunda kunoratidzwa chokuti, kunyange mumataundi zviduku ndivo makambani siyana. Hezvinoi: marasha-processing kunzwisisa "Sverdlovantratsit" GOAO "Mayak", yeCanada kambani East Coal Company, vagari asingashumbi "Intersplav", OAO "Sverdlovsk muchina-kuvaka fekitari" fekitari zvishandiswa migodhi. Sverdlovsk (Luganska) ine panguva yayo omurume: g Chernopartizansk 6 mumaguta (Volodarskogo Pavlivka, Kalinisky, Leninsky, Miners, Fedorivka) 3 namagariro (Kiselevo Cool, Ustinovka), 7 vakagara (Kuryachii, Malomedvezhe, Utkino , Matveyevka, Rytikovo, Antrakop, dips) uye purazi Ivaschensky.

Guta Luhansk nharaunda

Yambotaurwa yakakwirira nenhanho urbanization mudunhu. Vanhu vakawanda vanogara mumaguta nomumataundi makuru. Vazhinji vacho guru maindasitiri mabhizimisi. . Guta Luhansk nharaunda, uwandu vagari rinopfuura 18 zviuru vanhu: Lugansk (424.1 zviuru vanhu ..), Alchevsk (110.5), Severodonetsk (108.9), Lisichansk (103.5), Krasny Luch ( 82.2), Stakhaniv (77.2), Sverdlovsk (64.9) Rubejnoe (60.0) anthracite (54.2), Rovenki (47.4), Bryanka (46.8), Krasnodon (44 , 0) Pervomais'k (38.2), kirovsk (28.2) Perevalsk (25.7) Molodogvardejsk (23.1) Popasnaya (21.8) Sukhodolsk (20.9), mapanga (20, 1).

The mutauro mamiriro ezvinhu

Vagari Luhansk nharaunda anotaura kunyanya mumitauro miviri. Muna 2001, 30% yevanhu funga Ukrainian sezvo mutauro wavo waamai. Zvisinei, kubva muzana ichi dzinosiyana zvikuru, zvichienderana norudzi nemisha. Saka, 25.5 chete% vomuUmambo funga Ukrainian mutauro wavo waamai. Mumisha, nhamba 63,8%. 40 chete% of nzvimbo zvikoro achidzidzisa mumutauro wokuUkraine. Asi mune mamwe maguta, hapana mukuru wokuUkraine masangano edzidzo. Most russified nzvimbo: Perevalskiy (77%), Stanichno-Luganskiy (68%) uye Lutuginsky (73%).