Typology Nyika zvemari dzakasimukira uye kusimukira

Modern inoti kazhinji akakamurwa dzakabudirira uye kukura. Chokutanga rakagara richidudzirwa aionekwa vatungamiriri upfumi hwenyika, wechipiri - sezvo avo kuti anogona kushandiswa ukwanise kuita runoenzanirana chinzvimbo. Asi ndezvipi zvinodiwa kuti Kusiyanisa rinoti muna dzakabudirira uye kukura? Pakudaro zvichida kuderedza backlog dzimwe nyika pane vamwe?

Principles upfumi kupatsanura enyika

Saka, nezvoupfumi ano dzinounzwa ne dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira. Pahwaro Inzirai zvinogamuchirika ichi kupatsanura? Zvakafanana zano raitwa muhombodo wokufambisa UN Economic uye Social Council. The chikuru chokuratidza dzataurwa nokuda nyanzvi yacho sangano, - pakuti national upfumi ane State kumusika zvinodiwa uye zvemari waivako: .. GDP pa capita, pamwero kwezvinhu maindasitiri, nokunaka evanhu masangano, etc. Pane IMF nzira, maererano izvo vaiona kupatsanura nyika ( "kwakatanga uye kukura") haina kushandiswa, pachinzvimbo tsika rokubatsira rinoti kusvika chakanakisisa uye kuti hazvina kuwira muchikwata ichi.

Kune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvainyanya iyo hatibvumiri mari chero hurumende utungamiri. Somuenzaniso, matambudziko akawanda wevanotungamirira kutangira uye kusimukira zvakafanana. Saizvozvowo ndozvazvakaita pamwe okunze kupfuma, mhoteredzo - kwete nguva dzose dzakabudirira mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda idzi kunopfuura munyika dzichiri kusimukira.

dzakabudirira

Zvino dzakabudirira kugamuchirwa kusvika mamiriro kuWestern Europe, USA, Canada, Israel, Asian nyika - Japan, South Korea, Taiwan, Singapore, Australia neNew Zealand. inoti izvi vane paminiti capita GDP kwete zvishoma pane zviuru 30. Dollars, hwega upfumi, yakakwirira azvipire evanhu masangano. Unoita mune zveupfumi uye enyika mashoko, inonzi nyika "Big Zvinomwe" - US, UK, Germany, France, Italy, Canada uye Japan. Panguva G7 nyika chakaita kuti inenge 50% munyika GDP.

The specificity dzakabudirira upfumi

Dzakasimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira zvakasiyana, pakutanga kwezvose, macroeconomic zviratidzo. Yokuti inoti wokutanga mhando zvinokwanisika kuva vatungamiriri? Maererano nomumwe nevakawanda Shona, GDP mukufambisira dzakabudirira kupinda kusimukira, nokuda huru mbiri kwezvikonzero: Kuwanikwa guru (izvo zvinogona paakapiwa siyana sectors uye pakudaro dzinobatsira kweupfumi kukura), uyewo musika pachena (zvokuti imwe kana zvimwe bhizimisi chidimbu ane inodiwa mutengi kudiwa).

The chaiwo nemamiriro upfumi dzakabudirira, sezvataurwa nevamwe vatsvakurudzi, hazvina hazvo vaifungidzira diversification. Somuenzaniso, muna Norway ari GDP vakachengeta kuvimba simba pamusoro mafuta ekisipoti. Zvisinei, kunyanya kusimbisa mune zvoupfumi munyika akakodzera nemauto muNorway - kwete dambudziko nokuda kutsungirira kuti misika chinokosha, uyewo nokuda pamberi munyika iri reserves guru chaizvo.

Basa transnational makambani

Rinokosha musiyano munyika dzakasimukira kutanga kuti States wokutanga mhando aitungamirira basa reDare transnational makambani. Chaizvoizvo, muzvinhu zvakawanda basa ravo anosarudza kuti kubudirana pachena kuti misika dzimwe nokuti nyika muchikwata dzakasiyana. Dzichiri kusimukira hamuneni iri riwedzere. Kusiyana nezvimwe dzakabudirira kubva kusimukira - kukosha basa duku uye svikiro kadikidiki mabhizimisi. Small Makambani - yatovapo, chokutanga, kuti rutapudzo kwemarongerwe evanhu mutoro nezuva State (vagari Anorapa pachavo nokutanga basa, uye zvinokubatai basa yevamwe), uye chepiri ichi chimwezve zvekuvaka kuti muunganidzwa mitero.

Kukosha evanhu nemasangano

Dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira uyewo akasiyana nenhanho evanhu masangano - mutemo, ruzhinji yaitonga uye dzidzo. Mune inoti wokutanga mhando inowanzopiwa chinozoiswa zvakakwana inoshanda pamutemo hurongwa optimally anosanganisa zvakafanira bureaucratic zvigadziriswe uye vakasununguka mabhizimisi kubva zvisingakoshi chokungoitawo. Ezvinhu hurumende yakawanda hanya rwakabhadharwa kuna pakatanga democratic masangano - uchisimbisa pamusoro pokumuka abatsire zvakakodzera panguva yomunharaunda, emo pamwero, pane nyika. Chinonyanya kukosha zvimiso tiine mamiriro kukura ehurumende - makwikwi dzidzo hurongwa. Kuvapo Its anosarudza paumbwe yakanakisisa mudonzvo vachapiwa chokuita zvakananga mazuvaano hwenyika uye kuramba ayo zvikuru dzakabudirira hweHIV.

Hurumende muchinangwa yepamusoro upfumi

Above tinoona kuti dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira zvakasiyana pakuti pakutanga - hombe chikamu private mabhizimisi. Zvisinei, chinonyanya zvakakodzera mhando nyika zvikuru basa reDare ehurumende masangano kushandisa zvakakodzera zvoupfumi kuchinja. Chinangwa chikuru chemusha mabasa aya masimba - paumbwe Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri ezvinhu kuti chinokosha-mari kukurukurirana mabhizimisi zvose mukati nehurumende uye nezvarinovimbisa wokutengesera vakaroorana. Hurumende inogona waidzora upfumi kuburikidza yavo kubatanidzwa pezvakaitwa zvebhizimisi kuburikidza emakambani ehurumende kana dzika mamwe matanho kwemitemo.

The mazvake dzakabudirira upfumi

The kupfuura chinokosha zvoupfumi yakatanga mamiriro - rakazaruka kumisika. Izvi zvinogona kurondwa norupo yokusvika kuna kurongwa zvoupfumi munyika dzakawanda yakakodzera mhando. Zvisinei, nyika inofanira kugadzirira basa kukurukurirana pamisika vatorwa, kunyanya mune zvatinoita makwikwi kwenhumbi zvinoberekwa mumhuri mabhizimisi.

Impact nokudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi pose pamusoro dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira munhau iyi angava dissimilar. Mamiriro wokutanga mhando, kazhinji dzakashandisa yemakwikwi ezvinhu kumusika yose, uye saka vanogona kunzwa vakasununguka mune mhoteredzo upfumi inofanira kugara hwakavandudzika kuti ape akanakisisa zvinhu uye mabasa. Kusimukira nokuda zvichibvira guru shortfalls uye - somugumisiro - padanho manufacturability hakusi kugona kukwikwidzana mune kumisika.

kusimukira

Nyanzvi ziva anenge 100 inoti, izvo zvinogona kunzi muchikwata rakakodzera. Kune vakawanda nzira uyo nyika inogona kurondedzerwa se kukura. Ona kuti izvi izwi kungareva mamwe hwaro kupatsanura. Somuenzaniso, pakati kusimukira govera Kuchinja - avo apo zvoupfumi kwenguva refu nguva yakatanga pamwe mirawu gutsaruzhinji. Nyika idzi dzinosanganisira Russia. rakanyatsojeka zvakaoma patsanura zvakafanira nzira dzekuziva akataura China. Chokwadi chokuti China - muKomonisiti Hurumende - ikashandiswa zvinhu zvese musika upfumi uye administrative murayiro.

Imwe nzira dzekuziva nadzo unyorwe dzichiri kusimukira kunzi chete nenhanho muzana capita GDP. Zvisinei, havasi vose nezvoupfumi funga Zvakarurama. Chokwadi kuti mune dzimwe nyika Middle East - somuenzaniso, muna Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain - GDP pa capita, kunyange kupfuura ari kupfuura dzakabudirira dzokuEurope. Zvisinei, nyika idzi, zvisinei, dzinoiswa sezvo dzichiri kusimukira. Naizvozvo, vanamazvikokota vakawanda vanosarudza vamwe nzira kusiyanisa pakati zvoupfumi dzakasimukira uye dzichiri kusimukira.

Pakati vanhuwo chikonzero - padanho kukura evanhu masangano. chinhu ichi, nezvoupfumi tenda, anogona kutsanangura nemishonga, uyewo zvoupfumi ari mamiriro. Ndiko Somuenzaniso, va neudhadha enyika yaitonga munyika uye varombo chatingatevedzera zvemitemo mutemo mukuru munyika GDP anogona kuwira nokuda pokudzora siyana zvinoita (kukurira kuti zvakanaka kunge panyaya yokuvaka simba munzanga masangano).

Vamwe nezvoupfumi vanodavira kuti zvoupfumi pakati Hurumende inofanira kunyange dzakasiyana-siyana, asi achiri - anodiwa kwazvo - kanenge kwaibva mashomanana anokosha maindasitiri. Somuenzaniso, muna upfumi vamwe East nyika ichiri inoita basa rinokosha mafuta nemauto kuti kunoita kuti tibvunze vaongorori haana kusanganisira navo vari muchikwata che dzakabudirira.

Nzira dzekuziva nadzo nechekuita mukugarisana weRussia kuti kusimukira

Pahwaro Inzirai mukuumba States ndiyo Russian Federation? Muchiitiko chino Tinogona kutaura pamusoro nokushayiwa pokuita edu munyika budiriro tichitarisa muzana capita GDP. Zvino iye anenge zviuru 24 zvemadhora -. Pa vanotenga simba parity. Inoda dzinenge 30 zviuru. Kuti kunowirirana mamiriro dzakabudirira nyika pamusoro chokuratidza ichi.

Panyaya yokushamwaridzana masangano, anoswedera kune tinyatsonzwisisa mushanduro dzavo Russian akasiyana chaizvo. Kune vaongorori vanodavira kuti hurumende uye zviri pamutemo wemuTesitamende Russia iri kukurumidza mazuvaano. Other vanamazvikokota vanoti Russian zano pamusoro zvemitemo mitemo hwenyika ndiyo Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuti hurumende - achifunga kwayo zvenhau netsika zvinhu. Iwoyo nyore kopi pamutemo mifananidzo dzakabudirira kungava isashande.

Kubva nemaonero basa iri upfumi zviduku uye svikiro kadikidiki emakambani ari RF kuita chinangwa uye zvishoma akakurumbira kupfuura avo kuti zvaizobatsira zhinji dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira. Zvichida ichi imhaka yakareba muSoviet Union, kana private mabhizimisi zvairambidzwa. Kwemakore, pakuvaka hadzisi nyaya akasununguka pamusika kuRussia asi boka guru vane Entrepreneurs.

Pamusoro Russian Federation kuwana misika nyika - zvichangobva zviitiko enyika dzinoti yakadaro inogona artificially chete Western inoti. Somugumisiro, Russia anotarisana basa - chokusika misika mitsva nokuda pachavo. Chii hurumende yedu, pachena, uye kuroorana, achipedzisa makondirakiti itsva BRICS nyika, dzichiri pamwe Belarus, Kazakhstan, Armenia uye Kyrgyzstan pamwe mune gadziriro yacho EAEC.

Russia ine zvakawanda yakasiyana ruzivo - kunyanya inogona kuchengetwa muenzaniso vemauto bhora. Vazhinji kuMudzidzisi sarudzo dzine vezera shoma zvikuru West - semuenzaniso, rinoshanda ndege 5th chizvarwa. Maererano chokuratidza ichi, wokuRussia Federation kuti chikamu kusimukira zvinosanganisira Chokwadi, zvakaoma. The Russian akaita mamwe mienzaniso yakawanda yepamusorosoro zvigadzirwa - akadai processors "Elbrus", vakawanda parameters asina kutomboderera Chips kubva Intel uye AMD.

Kana mwero zvoupfumi diversification, sezvataona kumusoro, kunyange zhinji dzakabudirira, chokuratidza ichi zvikasaitwa. Naizvozvo, munhu anozivikanwa kutsamira pane kunze kwenyika mafuta Russian - izvi zvimwe kwete huru chinhu chokuti nyika yedu haisati ukama kukura.

Zvisinei, sezvataurwa ne nezvoupfumi zhinji, tinopfuurira kukura National upfumi Russian Federation tichiregeredza nemauto hazvigoni - wokutanga, nekuti mitengo nemafuta nezvimwewo, uye chepiri kuti vawedzere yekudyidzana kugadzirwa kwayo Russia achava zvakaoma. Naizvozvo zvakakodzera kutanga mamwe maindasitiri.

Kuwana misika itsva kuhupenyu zvose

Zvisinei, ona kuti munguva ichangopfuura vakasununguka kuenda kuzvitoro - nevakawanda dambudziko kutangira uye dzichiri kusimukira. Pasinei zvinogona imwe chidimbu, pakupedzisira nayo Aneta. Kunyange dzakabudirira kutarisa kuti misika itsva. Dzakananga zvinobatsira zvingava izvo zvave maindasitiri zvekutepfenyura. In zvose dzakabudirira uye dzichiri kusimukira vane chinokosha mugove GDP muna maindasitiri mabhizimisi, somunhu ushe, vatambi vari nguva dzose mabhizimisi chatingapiwa pose pamusika ine makwikwi chigadzirwa. Saka, Kuwanikwa zvinhu - munhu chokuratidza riri chinokosha kukura vose nyika yakakurukura mhando panyaya nekugadzirisa matambudziko akadai kutsvaka misika zvitsva.

Saka, maererano kwakapararira pakati wepanguva nezvoupfumi, asi kupatsanura kwakasimbiswa, kubudirira, iitike nyika. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, pamuganhu pakati pavo hazvisi nyore kuwana - somuenzaniso, kune nyika huru GDP, asi kwete zvakakwana, maererano Western nzira, magariro masangano. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, upfumi yakatanga uye dzichiri kusimukira kunogona kazhinji akafanana panyaya Kuwanikwa mukupera mamwe nemamwe ruzivo.

Zvisinei, chokwadi yanhasi yose zvoupfumi zvokuti pachiyero zvoupfumi munyika dzakawanda pane musiyano chinokosha. Kazhinji, unogona kuziva zvikonzero backwardness of State mune zvimwe zvinhu zvoupfumi. Kukunda Vachava kiyi kuvandudza simba upfumi kukura uye zvichiita nechekuita mukugarisana muboka vepamusoro dzakabudirira.