Inotungamirwa, Nyaya
Tsanangudzo gutsaruzhinji, miganhu rusununguko nomumwe
Pfungwa yokuti "gutsaruzhinji", "papi nomumwe rusununguko uye inoshanda kuenzana" nokuti vanhu vakambova "nemhanza" kuti tinyatsoziva muitiro uyu, akawana yakasiyana zvachose nezvaanoreva uye zvatsiviwa rokuti "dzidziso". Chii kuti taurira ave Boon kuvanhu vose, kwete chete nyika chete, uye dzakawanda, zvakanga rakaomera mamiriyoni evanhu, izvozvo akaita utsinye kutya, ropa vadzvinyiriri uye akanga zvakakwana mukusiyana dzinokosha zvarinotaura.
Kuberekwa gutsaruzhinji sezvo nheyo murayiro nyika
Akagadzira ne French ideologues ichikutadzisa nomumwe rusununguko gutsaruzhinji remakore rechi19 zvinoratidzwa zvakanyorwa Karla Marksa, Peter Alexeevich Kropotkin, Vladimira Ilicha Lenina nevamwe vazhinji. Asi munguva ichangopfuura, kana ari 1830s, apo agamuchirwa chete, ari ideologists yaiva vakawanda pfungwa, pakanga pasina chimwe nechimwe uye zvakawanda kana zvishoma zvakajeka pfungwa kuchinja gutsaruzhinji mune zvematongerwo enyika. Chinhu bedzi zvose vakatenderana theorists - the seboka kuvakwa wakarurama uye kururama vanhu vane rusununguko rwadzo neimwe nhengo dzayo. Izvi kwaiva inokosha yokuti gutsaruzhinji.
Midzi gutsaruzhinji kubva Antiquity kusvika Renaissance
Shoko rokuti - gutsaruzhinji, miganhu rusununguko nomumwe - kuva itsva iri XIX remakore, asi mamiriro ayo chakakurukurwa kwezviuru zvemakore asati. Vanomanikidzwa vakawanda vagara ruoko kuti rusununguko, asi vashoma vanoziva kuti rusununguko uye kuenzana zvinogoneka chete pakuvaka zveruzhinji (zvamagariro) mamiriro panheyo hweruzhinji uye rusununguko zvizere havatakuri. First akaisa mberi pfungwa kuvaka mugovanisi muvanhu, Plato, iye articulated nayo mu "State" nhaurirano. Dzokorora zvichemo izvi uye Aristophanes, tsika pfungwa dzavo muchimiro enyambo yake "tsika yakati itevedzerwe." MuEurope, apore kubva Ages noutsinye, pfungwa mugovanisi nevanyori vekare vakatora Kujekerwa utopian Thomas More uye Tommaso Campanella, asi zvose izvi "manyepo" zvikuru woutsinye neChechi yeKaturike.
Pfungwa inokosha gutsaruzhinji akagadzira muna XX remakore
Kwete maimbova akagadzira mitemo nomumwe rusununguko gutsaruzhinji. Table chete mashoko anokosha anotarisa seizvi:
| hurongwa chiyero | Living basa. |
| The pfuma itsva akasika | Living basa. |
| The yokupedzisira kweShanduro chigadzirwa muchimiro mutengi nhumbi nazvo | Worker mukuzivisa simba. |
| Mushandi anogamuchira kuti mupenyu basa | Consumer zvinhu uye mabasa pachena kana kuburikidza Soviet kutengeserana zvizere basa paakapiwa. |
| Kugadzirwa zvinoreva muridzi anowana | Chiregera. Pane zvisingabatsiri. |
| Investments kukura kugadzirwa | Mushandi mari chikamu basa ravo kuti nokunyora magwaro kuti goszaem. |
| kugadzirwa zvakanaka uye unhu pfuma | Ndichishanda vanhu mhiri Council Utare mutirastii. |
| Kodzero nhaka zvibereko zvinhu | Nhaka chete kodzero dzosera pfuma zvisungo, vaikwanisa apiwa mari haisi nhaka. |
Zvisinei, unogona kuwedzera nokuzvininipisa abstracts uye zvinotevera:
1. Cancel uye yokupedza nayo kwose kudzvinyirirwa zvakakwana, zvichiita varanda vaidzvinyirirwa mukirasi.
2. kukanzura uye kuparadzwa mukirasi weboka uye sezvo kusaruramisira kwakadaro zvavo.
3. Complete abolition yeropafadzo yeboka rinotonga, mukana wokuti vanhu vanga kodzero dzose uye norusununguko.
4. Full kana rushoma Kudzimwa yekare uye vachiitsiva pavo nevatsva zvakagadzirirwa kushumira vanhuwo zvakanaka.
5. Kuziviswa rusununguko hana, kereke kuzviisa pasi pakati zvinodiwa nehurumende uye nzanga.
6. Kuvaka itsva, mberi nzanga panheyo evanhu vakaenzana uye kururamisira.
7. kuitwa kuremekedzwa ose nhengo munzanga, basa rake, pfuma uye rusununguko.
8. Promotion kwevanhu mumagariro kuti vakadini uye achivatsausa kupinda vepamusoro.
9. Mashoko okusuma dzakafara negurumwandira ari collectivist tsika idzore individualistic kuziva.
10. The pokugadzwa proletarian internationalism, iyo inosimbisa rusununguko, kuenzana uye ukama marudzi ose.
Ndicho zvichemo huru kuti gutsaruzhinji zvaipiwa. Miganhu rusununguko nomumwe vakawanda vavo havana kurangarira kana zvaipesana nokuda warwo moyo tsika.
Socialist hwaro: kuchinja kubva dzidziso yokuita
Zvichida French mugovanisi ideologues pakati XIX remakore, kufanana Saint-Simon, Forms, Fourier, uye dzimwe Dezamy pachavo akatenda zvakanyorwa uye vakazivisa. Asi pasi gutsaruzhinji vaiona miganhu rusununguko nomumwe, vazhinji kudzidza chete tsika, pakutanga pamusoro XX remakore. French Socialist anomutswa wakaderera chikara. Asi sefungu nokumukirana uye dzakakurumbira yokumukira kwakapararira kuburikidza Europe mumakore 1848-1849, haana kubudirira zvinangwa zvayo. Rate miganhu nomumwe rusununguko, kuenzana, ukama uye nezvose akadanidzira gutsaruzhinji, vanhu vaikwanisa chete pashure October Revolution pamusoro 1917 Russia. Uye vanhu ivavo Mumusimudzire mashoko "akanaka uye kururama ezvinhu," vakavhunduka nezvaakaona akaitumidza "denda dzvuku". Nokuti isu, ndiwo vakasara, asi ikozvino tinokwanisa kuona gutsaruzhinji uye muganhu rusununguko nomumwe mukubwinya kwavo kose muenzaniso Cuba uye North Korea.
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