"A vendu" - shoko nguva Stolypin kuti zvinhu. Kukosha cheka ari papurazi Russia

Mukutanga XX remakore, pamwero mukuru murimi mudiki yokumukira muna Russian Empire akamanikidzira zviremera kuti vatsvake mhinduro kune agrarian dambudziko munyika. Kwawakarerekera zvinogoneka vaiva nenzira mbiri agrarian zvinhu. Nzira yokutanga kwakaita kuti richengetedzwe aburuka matunhu uye kuparadzwa murimi mudiki munharaunda. nzira The wechipiri kwakatungamirira kudzimwa pakati aburuka matunhu uye nationalization nyika. Panguva Implementation munyika kuchinja uye akasimuka pfungwa "vakatongoparadzwa." Izvi shoko yakapfuura chisingawanzowaniki pakutaura, asi pakutanga remakore, mutengo wayo rizivikanwe kuminda zvose Empire.

Stolypin nadzurudzo

All-Russian Congress of United kwamachinda rakapiwa riwedzere kuti Implementation nenzira yenyika kuchinja rokutanga. Kufungisisa pekusadziviririka rufu yekare murimi mudiki nzira youpenyu, hurumende yakasarudza pamusoro zvachose murimi mudiki pomugove nyika, nyika hombe Varidzi rakaramba. The zvokuchinja kunze achitungamirirwa Prime Minister P. Stolypin, uye nokukurumidza akaonekwa kunzwa zita "Stolypin kuti kuchinja." November 3, 1905 chaipiwa youmambo Manifesto, maererano iyo yokudzikunura muripo iri akadzima uye minda vakatsva wose anazvo ne murimi mudiki. Saka pakanga Zvinogoneka kuti aumbe nyika Holdings kuchekwa. Shoko iri rinowanikwa pakutanga 1906 uye rave zvinobudirira kushandiswa kusvikira yaifamba 1917 gore. Pfungwa iyi rinobva "dimura", "kugurwa" - saka akadana National ezvinhu weboka nyika pakati minda.

Shoko "kugurwa" kunoreva yoga chikamu yasarudzwa munharaunda gavhuna ari private kushandiswa murimi.

pachako rusununguko

Pamwe weboka zvaiita nyika, kwakasarudzwa kuti dzinga varombo murimi mudiki mapurazi ari shoma nyika Russian Empire. Nekuti varombo pasi tsars vaiva nekodzero yakazara uye rusununguko, mubvunzo nenzvimbo vamiririri mukirasi iyi rusununguko rwokufamba. March 10, 1906 The nzvimbo Council of Vashumiri akapa vanhuwo zvavo rusununguko sarudzo dzokugara, rusununguko rwokufamba, kudzimwa pakati mapasipoti "zvinhu mitemo" uye equalization miduku yokuruwa mune kodzero dzevanhu vake mamwe makirasi. Saka murimi mudiki anogona kusiya munharaunda uye kuti nyika ive pachake - vakatongoparadzwa. Izvi zvinogoneka kunyange munzvimbo yakaorera ivhu haana kukwana - saka kusarudza uye nyaya Resettlement kumucheto umambo.

Khutornoi upfumi

mhuri dzakati nomumwe kunyika muridzi akaumba purazi. Kazhinji, kwakadaro duku kugarwa rakamuka munzvimbo richangobva yakatora pamusoro tsarist Russia, apo zvaiita Nyika gavhuna isina kwaiitwa kana haana kugamuchira rakafara kuparadzira. Farm uye bran chinhu iconic chiratidzo Stolypin isati, wakange nechinangwa panguva nokubatanidzwazve miduku yokuruwa ari mapurazi duku pamusoro Prussian womuenzaniso.

Anobudirira okuguma Stolypin kuchinja chaitadzisa October Revolution. Sezvo kwake nokusvika, mashoko mazhinji vakarasikirwa zvazvinoreva, kusanganisira "akavezwa." Pfungwa iyi varasikirwa kukosha kwayo pashure racho Chirevo pamusoro Land, wakasainwa VI Lenin.