Chii chinonzi mvura sando? The zvinokonzera mvura sando iri pombi

Water nyundo senyere vava sefungu kuitika pakarepo. Donhwe chokuita unopinza shanduko mwero mvura. Next, tinodzidza zvakawanda sei pane mvura sando iri pombi.

The chikuru fallacy

Amufungira kuti mvura sando mugumisiro nadporshnevogo mvura rokuzadza nzvimbo iri injini configuration tsamba (reciprocating). Naizvozvo, kuti pisitoni asingadi kusvika vakafa nepakati chinzvimbo uye anotanga compression mvura. Izviwo, zvinotungamirira kukuvara injini. Zvikurukuru, kuti Kutyoka tsvimbo kana unobatanidza tsvimbo, breakage pamusoro nembambo vari humburumbira musoro, kukuvara nemicherechedzo.

kupatsanura

Zvinoenderana nenhungamiro kwokudzvinyirira pakaitika mvura sando kunogona:

• Positive. Panyaya iyi, kumanikidza kuwedzera nokuda kungova nokuchinja kwakamwe kamwe pamusoro pombi kana pombi bindepinde.
• Negative. Muchiitiko ichi tiri kutaura pamusoro kufurirwa inodonha pamusana kurova-rova hwomukova kana pombi shutdown.

Maererano chinozunguzirwa kupararira nguva uye nguva vharuvhu bindepinde (kana zvimwe mavharuvhu), panguva iyo yakaumbwa mvura nyundo nyere, zvinonzi kwoita:

• Direct (azere).
• Zvisina kunanga (kukwana).

Muchiitiko chokutanga kunoguma chinozunguzirwa pamberi inofamba nenzira chakatarisana kutanga zvataurwa mvura. Uyezve kufamba ruchabudirira Mapaipi okunze, izvo dziri pamberi namahwindo pesuwo. Kunenge kuti chinozunguzirwa pamberi achapfuura kakawanda mberi uye shure nzira. With zvishomanana aibuda hydraulic zvazvinoita kwete chete anogona kutanga kufamba nenzira yakasiyana divi, asi pamwe atungamire kuburikidza vharuvhu kana isina kuvharwa kusvikira pakuguma.

migumisiro

Chinonyanya ngozi ndiyo yakanaka vachimanikidzwa vanopinda mune kudziyisa ino kana mvura. Kana iwe vashambire kukwirira chingavabvisa kukuvadza nenyere. Kunyanya, sepombi une longitudinal makatsemuka, iyo inotungamira vakabva Makakamura, pakakuvara containment ari valving. Nemhaka yezvikanganiso izvi kutanga kukundikana pombi dzemvura midziyo: kupisa exchangers, pombi. Panyaya iyi, mvura sando zvakafanira kudzivirira kana kuderedza zvainoita. Mvura nevezera iri maximized panguva braking kana kuerera ndima mhiri kinetic simba kupinda basa Munotatamura mutsetse masvingo uye compression nemvura mbiru.

tsvakurudzo

Tichingotarisa uye experimentally vakadzidza Chiitiko muna 1899 Nikolai Zhukovsky. Vanotsvakurudza kuziva zvinokonzera mvura sando. The chinoshamisa nokuti kuti muitiro nokuvhara mutsetse ine nokuyerera emura, kana panguva yayo nokukurumidza mukuvhara (accession akafa magumo mugero ane tsime hydraulic simba), aumbwa rakapinza kuchinja kuitiswa uye mvura velocity. Hazvisi panguva akapoteredza Mapaipi. Kana ichi nyaya vaunze imwe divi, zvinokwanisika kuona kuti mwero shanduko kunoitika nenhungamiro uye nokukura, uye kumanikidza - zvose pasi uye kuwedzera hama kuti chepakutanga. Izvi zvose zvinoreva kuti pane mutsetse oscillating kwacho. It kunoratidzwa nguva nenguva kuwedzera uye kuderera kuitiswa. Ichi yose muitiro chakasiyana uye tinongorarama kwemakore mashoma kunokonzerwa nokuda kwakavharwa nenyama deformation pamusoro mvura pachahwo nenyere masvingo. Zhukovski zvaratidzwa kuti mwero panguva iyo chinozunguzirwa kupararira kuri Proportional kuti compressibility mvura zvakananga. Uyewo chinokosha chitsama deformation pakati nomutopota rusvingo. Zvinonzi pakutsvaga modulus zviri elasticity mashoko. Chinozunguzirwa velocity kunobva nomutopota dhayamita. The unopinza kusvetuka mu chingavabvisa Hazvizoitiki mumutsara, vakazadzwa gasi, sezvo kumbonyanya nyore kuti ndizvipete.

Weboka muitiro

The bhatiri gadziriro yacho mvura, zvakadai somunhu nyika imba, iyo downhole pombi ringashandiswa vaunze mutsetse nevezera. Water sando kunoitika apo kamwe kumira Urume yaunodya - kana vharuvhu bindepinde. Water kuyerera, inoita kufamba mumugwagwa, kumisa pakarepo. mvura sa inertia abondera mumvura "akafa kuguma", iyo yakaumbwa kana vharuvhu kuvharwa. Water sando ataure mune iyi hazvirevi kubatsira. It chete anoonawo kusvetuka, akagura pombi pashure vharuvhu rakavharwa, uye muedzo kusapfuudza kunonyanyisa ukoshi. Yokupfigwa sezvo vanorega mvura iyerere haina akaita pakarepo.

mienzaniso

Zvinokwanisika funga rukoronga ane kugara kumanikidzwa uye kufamba nemvura ine hunhu wechigarire, sezvamakaropafadzwa namahwindo vharuvhu yakanga payakakurudzirwa kana pakarepo kuvharidzirwa vharafu. The mvura zvakanaka Hurongwa, kazhinji hydraulic kuvhunduka kunoitika panyaya umo neizvi nhengo gedhi iri kupfuura kunofambira mberi mvura pamwero (9 metres kana kupfuura), kana usabuda, apo zvinotevera akabata vharuvhu kuva yepamusoro kuvafurira. Uye chokwadi, zvose zviitiko pane kukwana Vacuum. Munyaya inotevera pombi kutange velocity mvura yakakwirira ruchiyerera vaizozadza Vacuum. The mvura collides pamwe namahwindo nonreturn vharuvhu uye ichayerera pamusoro payo, afunge kumanikidza kusvetuka. Zvinoguma sefungu. It hwezvekukurukurirana kwete chete paumbwe makatsemuka uye kuparadzwa mapfundo. Mune chiitiko kwokudzvinyirira kusvetuka kana kukuvaradzwa pombi injini (uye dzimwe nguva zvose zvinhu pakarepo). Fani kwakadaro kunogona kuitika panguva volumetric hydraulic ngarurege hurongwa kana vangapiwa vharuvhu kushandiswa. Kana vangapiwa bindepinde imwe mvura buditsa mugero rine pezvakaitwa pamusoro apa.

kuwedzera kudzivirirwa

zvaitika simba achavaponesa kuerera mwero pamberi uye mushure mutsetse bindepinde. The zvikuru kufamba, chikuru zvakamubaya apo pakarepo chemabhazi. Mwero kuyerera achaenderana dhayamita mutsetse. The makuru muchinjikwa chikamu, shoma kufamba nemvura. Kubva ichi tinogona kugumisa kuti kushandiswa guru mapaipi akazoita mukana mvura sando kana simba izvozvo. Imwe nzira iri kuwedzera bindepinde urefu mvura nyere kana pombi. To dzika mberi pindana chubhu akashandisa vharafu mhando nokukiya zvinhu. Kunyanya pombi vaishandisa anoita nyoro kutanga. Vanobvumira kwete chete kudzivisa mvura nyundo nedanho usanganidzo, asiwo yekudyidzana kunowedzera upenyu basa pombi.

compensators

A chechitatu pachake kudzivirirwa hunosanganisira kushandiswa buffer mudziyo. It mudziyo Kamudzira kuwedzera, rinogona 'kudzima "zvichiita dzvinyiriro RINOFAMBIRA. Hydraulic Impact compensators ushande nheyo. Inoitwa kuti munguva kumanikidzirwa kuwedzera kunoitika Urume chinofamba pisitoni uye compression pamusoro kwakavharwa nenyama nhengo (zvitubu kana mhepo). Somugumisiro zvaitika kwacho kuri kuva chinhu oscillation. Nokuda nounzenza hwesimba rokupedzisira decays nokururamisira nokukurumidza pasina kuwedzera kumanikidza. The compensator rinoshandiswa zvinodiwa mutsetse. Zvinonzi mhosva compressed mhepo ari kumanikidzwa 0.8-1.0 MPa. Kukarukureta yakaitwa inenge, maererano nokufambisa zvinhu simba Absorção de Água mvura mbiru kubva filler tangi kana accumulator kuti compensator.