Turkmenistan: mararamire. Turkmenistan kuburikidza meso kumutorwa

Turkmenistan - imwe nyika kuti muna 90-ies pamusoro XX remakore, pashure pokuwa, yaiva nzira akanaka yakaoma. First paiva kuparadzwa, ipapo paiva nguva nezvishoma inotungamirwa. Turkmenistan, pachiyero izvo upenyu kuchiri murombo, akatanga kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. The rinokosha reDare vanhu izvi. Mumwe wokutanga Republic vakagamuchira Declaration Youchangamire. Muna 1995, Hurumende yakanga kwazvakarerekera.

The kunzwisisa okumugamuchira inotungamirwa

Gumi chinozvimirira Turkmenia wokutanga akapfuura kunzwisisa kwemasayendisiti huripo pakakuvara pamberi Hukuru kumwedzi.

All yakaipa zviitiko izvi pamwe nokusanzwisisa zvoupfumi chete kuenderana nokuda kuba maindasitiri, kudzivirira zvivako uye simba zvekutepfenyura. Upenyu Turkmenistan iyi yakanga kuoma kunyange redistribution simba uye pfuma, achiperekedzwa ropa uye chavo chokuuraya hama zviitiko.

Zvinhu akonzera kuti upfumi kukura

Turkmenistan, mararamire iyo amuka zvikuru nemhaka kutsungirira uye kubishaira vanhu, akakwanisa kumisa dzinoparadza pezvakaitwa ari upfumi.

Turkmenistan ari zvikuru akapa naMwari nzvimbo. Its chikuru zvinhu - minda ekunze, mafuta uye gasi jeka uye kudziya. Nyika dzinoratidzwa namahwindo mhando upfumi, zvinoratidzwa chokuti dzimwe mubhizimisi iri zvinobatanidzwa chete kunzwisisa mumunda. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Turkmenistan inoona nezvenjodzi muchisungwazve nzvimbo, hakuna nzira yokubudisa kugungwa uye dzakapoteredzwa inoti iyo mamiriro ezvinhu enyika kazhinji zvinokanganisa kuwedzera gasi mapaipi. Uye, chokwadi, unyanzvi vanhu, dzokuMabvazuva kuchinja mune zvematongerwe nemashoko, asi kunzwisisa chii.

Zvinhu izvi zviri kuitawo kuti upfumi kukura munyika, zvinoti:

• rechimanjemanje zvekurima kwemauto anogona kubereka pagore anenge mamiriyoni maviri matani gorosi uye donje yakawanda;
• midziyo kugadzira indasitiri miti itsva kubudiswa mbishi donje kana shuga bhiti;
• mune chiedza indasitiri, fekitari itsva in casino uye donje micheka;
• pamusoro Turkmen mafuta uye lubricants High-octane peturu anobudiswa panguva yazvino oiri;
• Vongai wepagore kupiwa mokusvinwa negasi uye mafuta indasitiri zvizere akafukidza kudiwa Turkmenistan kuti simba zvokuvakisa.

Turkmenistan kuburikidza meso kumutorwa

Munhu anga asipo kwenguva munyika, chinobata anenge Turkmen zvose. Saka, nokukurumidza kukuru kunochinja kwenzvimbo, mapurani, uye kwezvivako munyika rose uye maguta ayo munhu. Kurondwa incredible nokukurumidza pamusoro kweDzimba itsva mukuru-simuka zvivakwa, swimming madziva, zvipatara, migwagwa, konzati dzimba, tenesi matare, dzemabhizimisi, hotels, nhandare, uyewo runako Ashgabat Airport yemabhura negirazi.

Economy pamusoro Turkmenistan

Modern Turkmenistan, ane pamwero upenyu yekudyidzana akavandudzika, vaine runyararo uye enyika pakusimba. Yakakwirira mwero zvoupfumi kunobatsira kuti pave noushamwari inivhesitimendi ekunze. Somugumisiro - upfumi kukura kuvakwa makambani Turkmenistan neInternational.

upfumi Turkmenistan riri kukura zvinobudirira Vongai chinokosha upfumi vokune dzimwe nyika vanoita zviri simba uye extractive maindasitiri.

In pfupi nguva yacho yava hwakabva pane mbishi zvinhu chawo ari kukurumidza kukura mamiriro. The ano upfumi Turkmenistan kunoratidza rusununguko. mamiriro ichi Zvinoshamisa kuti runyararo kwayo mumigwagwa uye kunobatsira kwokunze kuchinja.

Nhasi, Turkmenistan (mararamire vanhu) rakava rokutanga pakati kunyika Central Asia uye Kishi. Vagari ane kuwana rusununguko zvekuvaka: munyu, gasi, mvura uye chiedza. Pamusangano zvakakwana azvipire kukura mhepo Links pakati pamaguta Turkmenistan.

Huru macroeconomic zviratidzi

International Monetary Fund muna 2015 iri projected kuramba vari GDP kukura kusvika 9% (ruzivo urwu inowanika pamusoro pamutemo Website of IMF).

Sezvinotaurwa uyu mupepanhau, muna 2014 Turkmenistan akanyora GDP ikure 10.3%. Panyaya iyi, upfumi neHurumende akaramba nekaupenyu vakashinga kuti ukapisa murwi siyana pamusoro musika wacho emunharaunda. Akadaro upenyu Turkmenistan wakaitirwa yezviri aina yeHydrocarbon pfuma uye voruzhinji mubhizimisi zvinobvira kuvonga.

The kutarisirwa kuderera GDP mugore ano maererano IMF achava nokuda rutapudzo zveminda kubva aina negasi, uyewo rutapudzo paruzhinji mubhizimisi hama kuna GDP.

Pasinei yapfuura depreciation National mari, mitengo anotarisirwa pakupera kwegore achava kumativi 6,5% (avhareji Turkmenistan - 7.5%). Izvi zvichava zvinogoneka nokuda haizopereri yose zvokudya mitengo kuwa uye kuwedzera mari.

Upenyu Turkmenistan nedzimwe marudzi

The Verenga 2003 kwakaratidza kuti Turkmens kunobvumirwa 85 chete% of zvachose Vagari ehurumende, dzasara 15% - mamwe marudzi.

Ngationgororei upenyu yeRussia muna Turkmenistan. Saka, zvose zviri zvakafanana muna 2003 chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pakati Moscow uye Ashgabat, maererano iyo "Gazprom" atanga vawane "Turkmenneftegaz" negasi kusvikira muna2028. Zvisinei, gore rimwe chete kuti Turkmenistan kuchikosha kugumiswa chibvumirano muna 1993, pasi izvo State unilaterally agumisa mukana kuti nezvekuva chizvarwa chenyika mbiri. Pasinei chokwadi ichi, kuti Russian Embassy rakapa pasipoti weRussia uye gare gare muna 2003, achitsanangura kuti kushaya ratification pamusoro Protocol neparamende Russian.

Muna 2013, mamiriro ezvinhu ave akarwarisa kubvira chokumupomera kuchinja mapasipoti muenzaniso wekare kuti hurumende mutsva Turkmenistan "mapatya" vakakumbirwa kusiya zvimwe rupi kunze Turkmenistan. dambudziko iri harina kugadzirisa nanhasi.

Mureza vaigara Turkmenistan nhasi

Padanho upenyu ano munyika ino mumakore achangopfuura yawedzera zvikuru, uye kunosimbiswazve nemashoko kuongorora chinoratidza izvi muenzaniso guru - Ashgabat. Saka, mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti, "Ko nyore kurarama Turkmenistan?" Ko vachiwedzera motokari mumigwagwa, uyewo dzinodhura maserura kubva vagari.

Vanhuwo zvavo, vakadaro zvikonzero zvingaita sokuti zvishoma kunyengedzwa. Zvisinei, nezvoupfumi vanogona kutaura nechivimbo kuti zvinakire vanhu chero nyika anogona chete kutora nzvimbo kana GDP kukura, kuwedzera muzana capita mari. Muchiitiko chino, munhu wose chete inotaurawo mitengo mishonga kuti vari chitoro echiShinto. Pachishandiswa zvinoriumba izvi, tinogona kutaura kuti avhareji mararamiro muna Turkmenistan akava yepamusoro.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha kukura

For hwakasimba munzanga chivimbiso chakasimba chekuchengetedzwa yevagari inova hwaro kukura zvoupfumi mabasa, uyewo muridzi mamwe kuwedzera kunaka muupenyu Turkmenistan anofanira inopiwa. Ko mberi kuchinja zvinhu rwezvemabhengi, zvikwereti zvemari gadziriro ehurumende, akasika kupfuura akanaka ezvinhu kuti kudzivirirwa uye kutsigirwa evanhu vemo.

The ezana XXI remakore rokutanga inonzi socio-zvoupfumi munyika nokuda kudiwa kupedzisa mumutemo, uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu nzira zvachose itsva murau pakati wepamutemo munda zvoupfumi ukama. Naizvozvo, mutemo kunofanira rakatangwa muna zvinotevera mirayiridzo.

Kusimudzira pamutemo kuumbwa

Ndiwo mirayiridzo wokutanga, uri kusimbisa uye kukudziridza musika upfumi. Mumwe mukuru nzvimbo upfumi chinogumbura kupera chaiva kukura mitemo itsva, iyo inopa zviri pamutemo nehwaro ezvokutengeserana (bhizimisi) mabasa. ezvinhu uyu faniro hwakazotevera pamutemo uye pamutemo pezvakaitwa kusika basa masangano. Nzvimbo inokosha pakati pavo inogarwa zvavakanga vachida kuita.

Tax mitemo, akarirasa uye budgetary mabhora

Ndiyo nzvimbo chechipiri Kusimudzira pamutemo kuumbwa. A ano zvemutemo framework akasiyana vamwe kuoma, uye inodzora ukama mari ichaita yose wehurumende. Pfungwa iyi inofanira kupiwa anyatsobudirira ehurumende bhajeti iri sezvo macroeconomic utariri nomazviri upfumi hwenyika yacho.

Kubudirira fiscal mutemo kunoenderana mutero ezvinhu ehurumende. The chikuru nheyo zvemitemo basa - codification yose mutero pamutemo framework, izvo ane Turkmenistan nhasi. upenyu Academic iyi inogona yekudyidzana kuvandudza zvinonyatsorehwa mutemo. Saka, inobva nokudzidza mitero siyana uye mari, uyewo nzira uye nezvimiro kuitira mubhadharo vavo bhajeti, zvinofanira kukudziridzwa uye legislated yunifomu hurongwa inotungamirwa, muunganidzwa uye kutenderwa zvose zvaida kubhadhara.

Regulation mabasa nomumwe sectors hwenyika

mirayiridzo iyi ndiyo wechitatu kukosha uye anofanira kuedza pamutemo mutemo mabasa kuitwa dzimwe sectors, mumwe kiyi nzvimbo yose upfumi maumbirwo Turkmenistan.

Nokuda socioeconomic kuchinja uye kuchinja kuchaita kubudirira mune ndichibvunza kukura kwakadaro sectors hwenyika: rokurima, simba uye kuvakwa indasitiri. Hazvibviri iyi, kanganwa pamusoro Whitehead Textile indasitiri, kuvaka, nezvifambiso uye kukurukurirana.

Akapedzisa acho, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Turkmenistan akakwanisa kukunda matambudziko akamuka pashure pokuwa Union, uye kwete chete kukurira dambudziko, asi kutora gwara zvoupfumi.