Tower of Moscow Kremlin: zita. Zano racho Moscow Kremlin shongwe nemazita

Mazita 20 shongwe of Moscow Kremlin raasingazivi Muscovites zvose, kunyange wenhare, masvingo aro uye Veigy - mumwe chikuru zvinokwezva kwete chete guru asiwo yose rakakura nyika.

Mhinduro chero mubvunzo

History uye mhaka shongwe, nezve zita, basa neimwe munhau, yakaitirwa muzvikoro guru. Asi nokufamba kwenguva, mazita okutanga akakanganikwa. Zvakanaka kuti mazuvano mashoko ose pamusoro pavo nevakawanda kuwanika, uye chero nguva unogona kuwana mhinduro kune mibvunzo Somuenzaniso, raiva shongwe Moscow Kremlin, mazita vezhey zvose, chero mumwe wavo anoreva chimwe chikamu rusvingo rinoshandiswa uye zvichingodaro.

Mumwe kudanwa makadhi

Long upenyu (kutaurwa remuti nhare rokutanga rinoreva 1156) rinokosha nhare munyika unofadza zvikuru. The Kremlin ari ndima nenyika nhoroondo Zvivako zvakafanana Great Wall, Shongwe London, ivo hurukuro yacho yakaparadzwa Bastille, muEgipita mapiramidhi. On Earth, isingaperi nhamba zvinokwezva, asi zvinokosha, zvinhu inokosha kwete zvokuti. vanhu vashoma vasiri vanoziva Spasskaya Tower, uye vashoma pakutanga kuona havazivi chiratidzo Moscow, guta guru eumambo Russia. Asi nokuda vokuRussia, kunyanya Muscovites, uyo anogara anoenderera mberi nzendo pakati guru, nomuzikamwi chikuru neshongwe Moscow Kremlin. The zita neimwe vanodzidziswa kubva mugiredhi yechitatu, asi vanoenda kukireshi zhinji pasina kumbozengurira anogona kunyora, kana kwete zvose 20, chinonyanya kukosha vavo, uye kwete chete vaya vanouya kuna Red Square.

yakasiyana hurongwa

The chikuru nhare munyika, iri Borovitsky pachikomo yagara musimboti mumagariro uye enyika upenyu ehurumende, uye nokuda akawanda nhoroondo Russia yakanga pano pamusha wevatongi venyika. Ndiyo moyo simba. Mukuwedzera, nhare yakanaka zvikuru. Mamiriyoni evashanyi pasi pose kwete chete kuda kuona rimwe zvinoshamisa munyika, asi kuti tinyatsoziva nhoroondo yaro - ipi remakore akavaka masvingo idzi, kwakabva zita - "Kremlin". Tower of Moscow Kremlin vari kufarira - havana analogues munyika, ivo vakasiyana mumwe. Uye chete yechipiri yezana XVII remakore, vamwe vavo vari kuchengetwa chete mapurani manyorerwo.

Musimboti zita

In yekare Russia kuti XIV remakore, guta, takakombwa masvingo neshongwe, shongwe, akanzi "Detinets" Papera kuoneka mazita Chrome, ruomba, kremnik, kremlevnik. Nezvekwakabva shoko rokuti 'Kremlin "ane shanduro dzakawanda, asi vose anoreva doro akakomberedzwa, nzvimbo dzisingambosvikiki. Iri safambika mumasango kana dzisingambosvikiki steepness, chinowanzoonekwa kusukwa parwizi, kana ari takapoteredzwa nomugero izere nemvura. Uye chero Castle akanyudzwa nemasvingo marefu.

asingaurayiki nhare

Zvinotevera zano of Moscow Kremlin shongwe nemazita zvinonyatsoratidza sei tsime nzvimbo akasarudzwa kuti mumwe mukuru nhare Russian - mugari netriangle rimwe divi munodzivirirwa Moscow River. Mumazuva ekare mazuva mhiri, pane zvino Alexander Garden, rusvingo akadzivirirwa parwizi Neglinnaya. Pamwe wechitatu pamucheto Triangle, vachisiya Red nzvimbo yakadzika mugoronga ikazadzwa nemvura. Uyewo, Moscow Kremlin shongwe pamwe mazita zano kunoratidza kuti chisina kutsetseka vezhi (Old zita Russian pamusoro peshongwe) mujinga kwake dzeraundi mu chimiro, ukuwo vamwe - pachivara.

Subtleties rokuvaka masvingo

Ichi chimiro kuzvidzivirira shongwe ndiyo nhare mitoo kuti nzira iri pakuti woita madziro anoshongwa zviri kwepfuti muvengi ricochet, uye kutokonora kwayo raigona inopepereswa denderedzwa. Nengano kubatwa wakakombwa anoonekwa kuva panzvimbo yokutanga pakona shongwe yacho Moscow Kremlin. Mazita avo ndeinotevera - Vodovzvodnaya (Sviblova, Southwest), Beklemishevskaya (kuzivikanwa Moskvoretskaya, rwezasi-kumabvazuva pakona) uye simba kupfuura Kremlin Tower - Corner Arsenal (Sobakina) shongwe, achitevera dzinza kuzvidzivirira madziro kubva Red Square. It aidzora kuyambuka rwizi Neglinnaya.

chikamu The kuchamhembe kwakadziva kumabvazuva of Kremlin rusvingo

Mumwe nomumwe masvingo izvi yakagadzirwa iine zvikuru chinangwa. Moscow Kremlin Hurongwa inonzi shongwe inoratidza kuti vezhi zvose riri kubva Red Square, kubva Corner Arsenal kuna Beklemishev (Kutenderera) rine, kunze idzi mbiri, zvitanhatu zvivakwa izvi mhando. It Nikolskaya uye reSeneti, Spasskaya uye Imperial, Nabatnaya uye Constantine uye Helen Tower.

Tower kumaodzanyemba uye kuchamhembe-kumadokero mativi

Kubva Beklemishev kuna Vodovzvodnaya neshongwe, inova nzvimbo Kremlin rusvingo, vachimhanya ichitevedza Moscow River, kunze mukona, ndiyo shanu vezh - Petro Second Vasina, First Vasina, Taynitskaya uye Annunciation. The wechitatu bato ane mugari Triangle, kumhanya pamwe mutopota wakasuduruka yapfuura Neglinnaya rwizi zvikamu akasiyana chete bazi strelnitsa Kupona inonzi Kutafya shongwe, izvo kwakabatana nokuda zambuko kuenda kumusoro vezhey Kremlin - Trinity. Kunze Vodovzvodnaya pakona Arsenal, uye Utatu Kutafia, pamusoro chidimbu ichi vari Borovitskaya uye Armory, Managerial uye Middle Arsenal Tower.

Different kumativi

All shongwe yacho Moscow Kremlin, mazita ayo pamusoro apa, dzakavakwa panguva dzakasiyana weboka rokuItari vatenzi, apo munhu ainzi "fryazhskie". Pakutanga rakanga Taynitskaya, yakavakwa muna 1485. Mumakore gumi anotevera, yakanga vakaisa zvose masvingo (ekupedzisira muna 1495 yakavakwa Utatu), kushanda kunze ruduku Royal, yakavakwa muna 1680. Chinonyanya kukosha rechipiri - Utatu - iri chepamusorosoro neshongwe Moscow Kremlin. It vakachinja mazita kakawanda. Zvisinei, vanenge vose vorusvingo panguva ivepo makadanirwa munzira dzakasiyana, asi vaviri vari kusazivikanwa. Epiphany uye Rizopolozhensky, Znamenskoye uye Kuretnaya - saka panguva dzakasiyana zvikamu nguva inonzi chairoiro Trinity shongwe, ane kureba rinosvika 80 mamita.

zvikonzero zita

The Kremlin pachayo haina anodzidzwa kusvikira pakuguma, iye akabata zvakavanzika zvizhinji. Tower of Moscow Kremlin, zita iro rinonzwika kunyanya kuomera nzeve murume ano asati, somunhu mutemo, makadanirwa zvakasiyana. Asi mazita ano kana kunzwisisa, zvikuru kunzwisisa - Muponesi ari atumidzwa nokuti uri mufananidzo Muponesi, Vodovzvodnaya - nekuti zano rinokosha mvura kubva Moscow River kusvika kumusoro zvozopiwa akapoteredza Kremlin. The zita "Royal" anotaura pacharo - kubva ipapo mambo (kunyanya ainakidzwa nokuita Ivan Grozny) kuongorora zviitiko pamusoro Red Square.

pacharo

Nikolskaya shongwe, anodonha kubva nhamba yacho Kremlin Ensemble uye mapurani uye ruvara, saka akadana nokuti yaichengetwa pamusoro icon Nikolaya Chudotvortsa. shongwe Iri upenyu anonakidza zvikuru - kuburikidza kuna Kremlin yaisanganisira varwi pasi pesimba Dmitriya Pozharskogo uye Kuzma Minin. Wakapisa muna 1737, murume kumhanya kure Kremlin, rakaputiswa kumusoro pedyo French. Asi matambudziko izvi zvose kumboshayiwa mufananidzo St. Nicholas - ari kuputika, izvo vakapfuura mahwindo mumigwagwa pedyo, kwete kunyange ruchitsemuka magirazi pairi.

mazita nyore

Sei uye sei vanonzi Tower of Moscow Kremlin, dzidza zvinonakidza chaizvo. Uye sei zvinoshamisa kuti munguva yedu tinogona kuwana nyore kuziva nhoroondo mumwe wavo. Somuenzaniso, Beklemishevskaya Tower: Nei inonzi? Pashure pezvose, mamwe zita rayo - "Moskvoretskaya" - zvaiva pachena uye anonzwisisika: zviri pamusoro Moscow River. Beklemishevskaya sezvo Sviblovskaya (Vodovzvodnaya) vanodaidzwa nokuti kumatare boyars Beklemisheva Sviblovo uye pedyo zvakananga Kremlin munzvimbo idzi. The Kremlin pacharo uye nezvose zvine chokuita nayo - chitsvene uye kwokufananidzira nzvimbo vokuRussia zvose.