Kunyatsogona Inorganic Chemistry. oxidation dhigirii

The oxidation wehurumende - ichi riine mutariri chaikosha atomu ari Morekuru. Pfungwa iyi inokosha iri inorganic kemisitiri, pasina kunzwisisa kwake hazvibviri kufungidzira nedanho redox siyana, mhando anobatanidza vari mamorekuru, makemikari uye zvivako zviri zvinhu zvinooneka. Kuti tinzwisise chii mwero oxidation ndiko kutanga zvakakodzera tanzwisisa kuti atomu pacharo uye kuti haazvibati kana kuwadzana nevezera ravo.

Sezvo chikazozikamwa, atomu rine protons, neutrons uye maerekitironi. The protons uye maerekitironi, anonziwo nucleons, chimiro chokwadi mhosva neerekitironi kunaka maerekitironi dzitendererane nayo. A kupomera akanaka yenyukireya iri pakati nepakati uchitikurudzira akaipa mutariri maerekitironi. Somugumisiro, kwazvakarerekera atomu.

Mumwe Erekitironi ane imwe simba pamwero, izvo anosarudza kubatana yawo nzvimbo kusvika pokupedzisira: iri pedyo chinoumba - shoma simba. Ivo akarongwa akaturikidzana. Maerekitironi imwe rukoko vane substantially chete simba nerubatsiro uye simba pamwero chimiro kana yemagetsi rukoko. Maerekitironi kuruvazhe simba pamwero haisi kusungwa zvakare zvakasimba mwoyo, saka vanogona kubatanidzwa nemakemikari. Zvinhu vane externally kubva imwe mana maerekitironi mu nemakemikari, kazhinji kupa maerekitironi, uye avo vane mashanu nomwe maerekitironi - kutora.

Panewo zvine maatomu akafanana inonzi inert magasi, umo rokunze simba pamwero unotora maerekitironi masere - kufadza zvinoita mari. Vakanga kushanda musapinda nemakemikari. Saka, chero atomu ndehwokuti "chinamatidzwa" dzavo dzokunze Erekitironi rukoko kune zvaidiwa maerekitironi masere. Where kuti chisipo? Mune dzimwe maatomu. In muitiro kwemakemikari kuita chinhu rukuru electronegativity "otora" maerekitironi iri chinhu pamwe yakaderera electronegativity. Electronegativity makemikari chaikosha kunoenderana nenhamba maerekitironi mu Valence sandara uye nesimba kukwezvana hwavo musimboti. An chinhu, kunhonga maerekitironi, zvinonakisa kunaka mutariri kunova kupfuura zvakanaka mutariri musimboti, ukuwo kupa maerekitironi - vakutarisire. Somuenzaniso, mune imwe remubatanidzwa wenyika nesarufa oxide SO okisijeni ane mukuru electronegativity, nesarufa anotora 2 maerekitironi uye anowana akaipa nokuchengeta, apo nesarufa akagara pasina maerekitironi maviri kuzowanikwa mhosva akanaka. Panyaya iyi, ukuru oxidation reokisijeni akaenzana mwero nesarufa oxidation, wakatorwa nevakomana chiratidzo. The oxidation wehurumende zvakanyorwa pamusoro rworudyi pakona nemakemikari maatomu akafanana. In muenzaniso uyu, sezvinotevera: S ⁺² O ^-2.

Muenzaniso kumusoro chaizvo kutsarukana. Kutaura zvazviri, dzokunze maerekitironi mumwe atomu hakumbofi akatamisira chose kune vamwe, vanova Naizvozvo, munhu "nevakawanda," ukuru oxidation zvine maatomu akafanana nguva dzose duku pane akasarudzwa muna mabhuku.

Asi kurerutsa kunzwisisa makemikari dzinotsanagura chokwadi ichi kuregeredzwa.