Granite ndicho vakawanda dziri goko magmatic dombo intrusive. Zita iri kwazvo rwokuzvarwa zvinhu kwakakonzerwa porous-zviyo zvayo nechivako (kubva muchiLatin granum -. "Grain"). Granite rinoreva acidic mhando nokuti kuti rine yakawanda nesilicon yakasviba - SiO2. Uyewo chinhu ichi rwuripowo girenayiti alkali, uye magnesium, simbi uye calcium yakawanda. dombo iri kuonekwa rimwe yakasimba zvikuru, yakasimba uye hunogara, arambe achirema wayo akaenzana makirogiramu 2600 paavhareji cubic mita. Munyaya ino tikatarisa Zvinoumba girenayiti, uyewo kukuudza pamusoro huripo classifications nedombo zvinoratidza zvivako ayo uye unhu.
Mabviro girenayiti uye nzvimbo chiitiko
Zvinonzi vaidavira kuti granites dzakaumbwa pamusoro refu munguva Geological nhoroondo yose nyika. Shanduro vaiona dzinoita maviri mavambo. The inoti chokutanga kuti girenayiti achiumbwa somugumisiro yacho crystallization kwacho magmatic uchanyauka. Maererano wechipiri pfungwa, runoonekwa nesu ibwe yakaumbwa pasi pokudzora ultrametamorphism. Achifuridzirwa kufurirwa, kupisa uye Urume richisimuka kubva akaturikidzana zvevhu yakadzika, akatakurwa granitisation muitiro. A dzakawanda deposits iri heavy-basa dombo, kusanganisira US, China, Brazil, dzekuma Scandinavia uye Ukraine. In nyika yedu, panewo mupfumi deposits iyi rwokuzvarwa zvinhu. It inotengwa mu girenayiti yamabwe makumi mashanu, kusanganisira Arkhangelsk uye Voronezh kumatunhu, uyewo kuCaucasus. Kazhinji yakabatana akati mhangura deposits vakasiyana, kusanganisira netini, mhangura, zingi, tungsten, molybdenum uye kutungamirira.
Funga kuti chikamu girenayiti. Feldspar uye Goldstone
Maererano vomumatunhu ayo, dombo iri ndera polymineral, kuti hakuna rinoumbwa imwe chete chinoumba, asi anoverengeka. Mumwe mukuru zvinhu hunoumba girenayiti iri feldspar. Zviri silicate boka chicherwa. Sezvo kutonga, girenayiti haana asingasviki 50%, uye ipapo vose 60! Izvi chicherwa dombo-dzichiumbwa aripo padombo muchimiro potassium feldspar (orthoclase, adular) uye iine acid plagioclase (oligoclase, bytownite, Labrador, uye zvichingodaro. D.). Chimwe chinokosha chezvinonhuwira girenayiti ndiyo Goldstone - chakaoma chaizvo dombo-dzichiumbwa chicherwa vakawanda igneous namatombo. mugove Its haasi anopfuura 30% of zvachose nokuongorora rudzi. Embedding nayo tarisa setsanga duku vitreous. In zvepanyama mamiriro Goldstone riri Hauoneki, asi sezvo nedombo rinoumbwa girenayiti zvinotora pamusoro mavara akasiyana - yellow, pink, tsvuku, nezvishava, uye zvichingodaro ..
Dark chitsvuku zvicherwa nezvimwe netsvina iri Zvinoumba girenayiti
Kunze Goldstone uye feldspar, padombo ine acidic nezvimwe inclusions. kunowanzosanganisira kutora anopfuura 10% yose inowanwa. It biotite, lithium Mika, muscovite uye hornblende. A duku chikamu kutora chishongedzo - zvakadai apatite uye zircon, uye alkaline zvicherwa - tourmaline, Garnet uye topazi. Saka, isu akaongorora Zvinoumba girenayiti. Scheme inoratidza dzinokosha zvinoumba ichi rwokuzvarwa zvinhu.
marudzi girenayiti
Zvichienderana zvechadenga chicherwa uye makemikari anoumba girenayiti, akatorazve vamwe mhando yayo. Imwe nzira chepamusoro inovakwa pamusoro chikamu plagioclase padombo. Zvinotevera mhando girenayiti:
- alkali feldspar (asingasviki 10% plagioclase);
- Granite pacharo (kubvira 10% kusvika 65% plagioclase);
- granodiorite (kubvira 65% 90% plagioclase);
- Tonalite (pamusoro 90% plagioclase).
Mukuwedzera ari chikamu feldspar, sezvo hwaro kusiyanisa mhando ibwe wakatorwa pasi nezverusununguko zviri zviduku mafic zvicherwa. Maererano kupatsanura ichi, kusiyanisa mhuka dzakadaro dzinoberekera: Alaska - granite, kwete kusanganisira resimbi rima-mavara uye leykogranit - kuva pasi kugutsikana kwavo. Two-Mica girenayiti - ndiko, kunze feldspar uye Goldstone, muscovite uye biotite, uye ine alkaline aegerine uye amphibole.
Structural zviri rudzi
Pane imwe kupatsanura yakavakirwa STRUCTURAL uye textural zviri akati padombo. Advantageously, girenayiti ane granular sekristaro mamiriro, asi dzimwe nguva porphyry. The dzinongoitika zvakatipoteredza hombe zvinhu akaturikidzana, vari yakaumbwa ne kutonhora magma. Nokuda kuti yaita chando vanoiswa girenayiti aumbwa kuva zvakasiyana chimiro, kusanganisira akanaka uye zvinonyadzisa. Mimwe yokupedzisira dzinonzi girenayiti porphyry. Muenzaniso girenayiti porphyry dombo rapakivi anogona kuita zvinonyadzisa marongerwo (Finland). Ane inclusions pamusoro orthoclase chakakura nhunzvi kuti zai.
coloring girenayiti
The zvicherwa anoumba girenayiti anogona kupendwa pamatombo zvakasiyana-siyana mavara. Kazhinji, izvozvo anosarudza ruvara pabwe orthoclase. Rakajairika chinhu chiedza pfumbu ruvara. MuRussia, zvikuru rinoparadzirwa zvinhu dzvuku. The chicherwa Zvinoumba girenayiti inopenya ruvara zvaisanganisira feldspar kuva hematite crystals, kana - simbi oxide. Vopa padombo ropa-tsvuku Hue. Uyewo mhiri mabwe yero, zvitema uye rwepingi mavara. Emerald Hue erudzi anogamuchira nokuda girini potassium feldspar - amazonite. Dzimwe nguva vanoona girenayiti kujairika Iridescent mavara. It kunoitika nokuda feldspar, tinazvo iridescence. Kazhinji iri oligoclase uye labradorite kupa yakanaka Iridescent shimmer, kunyanya kuoneka kana wekushanduka ibwe. Heino yakadaro dzinonakidza zvinhu, girenayiti.
Murwiyo uye zvivako padombo
zvinhu izvi zvakasikwa ane zvizhinji kwazvo zvinhu zvinoita irreplaceable munzvimbo dzakawanda, kunyanya pakuvaka indasitiri. Chokutanga, girenayiti ndiyo vafuke. Inogona kwenguva refu apo kuramba yaro yepakutanga chitarisiko. Dzimwe nguva panodamwa vanhu "ibwe kusingaperi," uye vose nokuti hapana chakaitika kwaari pamusoro emakore. Chechipiri, mashoko aya chinhu chaizvo yakakwirira simba. Products akaita hakuzviisi pasi kupfeka. Goldstone - mumwe chicherwa rinoumbwa girenayiti - inoita padombo iri rakasimba zvokuti kana kupatsanurwa, nokuikuya uye vakatema kushandisa jeko chaiwo nedhaimani unhani. Chechitatu, chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha ehupfumi ose girenayiti ndiko kurwisa kwayo kune zvezvakatipoteredza zvinofurira, uye kune acids. It haatarisiri kurapwa uye kudzivirirwa kubva siyana oxidative uye mumuviri nemigumisiro. Chete pane kutonhora pamusoro madhigirii 600, kuti mamiriro kana cracking walnut. Chechina, girenayiti ndiyo husingakwanisi mwando, zviri zvachose risingapindi mvura, haasi tibatsirwe mvura uye haisi pasi kudzikisirana nokuda kunayisa. Kwemazana emakore, zvivako uye zvivako zvakagadzirwa girenayiti anogona kuramba yaro yepakutanga chitarisiko. Uye pakupedzisira, kwete wevadukusa, kuti girenayiti hakukuvadzi. Ndiye njodzi zvachose vanhu. zvivako izvi kuti vaiona dombo hwokuvaka zvinhu.
Kushandiswa girenayiti
Akati ibwe rinoshandiswa chaizvo kuvaka uye tiling, sezvo vari hunogara, husingakwanisi zvezvakatipoteredza zvinofurira uye chinokosha mukurumari. Nokuda kuramba abrasion uye compression, izvozvo rinowanzoshandiswa nechinzwano kwokunze kushongedzwa. Granite iri zvikuru husingakwanisi utachiona, saka rinowanzoshandiswa anogadzira zvinhu handrails, masitepisi, mbiru, countertops, hwindo Sills, bhaa counter. Kazhinji girenayiti fireplaces namatsime zvakaitwa, nokuti husingakwanisi tembiricha kuchinja uye, uye kuti Absorção de Água kuti unyoro. The panze erudzi urwu inowanzoshandiswa nemamiriro, masonry kana chivakwa zvinhu. Granite ibwe kutigumbura vakawarira menzira, migwagwa uye mazambuko kazhinji kudimburira piers, quays migwagwa uye dzinoungana. Zvakagadzirwa girenayiti fenzi, ukaramba masvingo, ivo vashongedze pamadziro uye masvingo zvezvivako. Uye nokuda erudzi urwu kunogona kushandiswa dzakasiyana-siyana mavara. MuRussia, kupfuura inowanzoshandiswa vari vachena, chena, tsvuku uye mashava mhando. Zvisinei, zvinosiririsa kuti dzokubudisa uye kubudiswa igneous matombo kwakaoma uye kudhura, mashoko aya kashoma kushandiswa pakuvaka zvivako kwakajairika. Zvinonzi ainyanya kushandiswa kushongedzwa zvinhu pamwe zvaikosha mapurani ukoshi.
Architectural Monuments of girenayiti
Pashure zvakakodzera nokugeda girenayiti pamusoro rikaita girazi, apo unhu uye kuchipedza chiedza mwaranzi. Naizvozvo, ibwe anotarira akapfuma chaizvo uye anoshamisa, rinogona kushandiswa nokuda kwezvifananidzo zvaAtemisi akakura zvivezwa uye mapurani nziyo. Muenzaniso runako, akanaka uye mukurumari kuti girenayiti anogona kuita pazvivako, zvivako zvenhau uye ezvirevo chakavakwa munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira Russia. Chero girenayiti mamiriro ndicho chatinonyanya UKURU uye monumentality, achirova hwomoyo simba rayo uye runako.