The womukati kurwisa simba rive. Kupikiswa - the fomura

The Magetsi ari kondakita kunoitika pasi pokudzora ane munda chinokonzera yemagetsi mhosva nezvimedu kuuya hayo yakananga kufamba. Kutanga PARTICIPLE razvino - nechinetso chakakomba. Kuvaka zano kuti achagadzira musiyano pakati potentials romusango iroro hurumende kwenguva refu - basa kuti akaratidza simba vanhu kusvikira pakuguma XVIII remakore.

Yokutanga Kuedza

Yokutanga Kuedza "kuponesa magetsi" mberi nokutsvakurudza yake uye kushandisa vakaitwa muNetherlands. German Ewald Jürgen of Kleist uye Dutchman Pieter Van Musschenbroek uyo tsvakurudzo yavo mutaundi weLeiden, wakasika capacitor kutanga kwenyika, akazonzi "Leyden mudziyo".

Kuunganidza yemagetsi vebasa atopiwa dzaidzidziswa zvokuimba kukweshera. Shandisa zvinoyerera kuburikidza vaigona kondakita kuti mumwe, zvakanaka pfupi, nguva penguva.

The kukunda kwepfungwa dzevanhu pamusoro fuma ephemeral zvakadai, zvakadai magetsi, akanga echimurenga.

Zvinosuruvarisa, zvinoyerera (Magetsi ikabereka capacitor) wakagara saizvozvo pfupi kuti asike zvakananga iyezvino vakasagona. Mukuwedzera, voltage yakapiwa capacitor zvishoma nezvishoma zvinoderedza, iyo inosiya pasina mukana wokugamuchira chichiitwa iyezvino.

Taifanira kuwana imwe nzira.

Wokutanga mabviro

Italian Galvani kwakaita pakudzidza "magetsi mhuka" kwaiva kuedza yepakutanga kuwana dzinongoitika tsime simba zvakasikwa. Akarembera makumbo akagadzirira datya pamusoro simbi nezvikorekedzo simbi chendarira, akavhomora nezvokubudirira maitiro kwaiita etsinga harinzwi.

Zvisinei, mhedziso Galvani akaramba mumwe Italian - Alessandro Volta. Vanonakidzwa nokuita mukana generating magetsi kubva zvinenge mhuka, aiitisa dzakatevedzana kuedza namatatya. Asi kuguma yaiva pakatarisana zvakakwana vakambodanana hypotheses.

Volts rinozivikanwa kuti chipenyu muviri ndicho chete chinhu chokukomborerwa magetsi buditsa. Kana pari makumbo tsandanyama chibvumirano, achiratidza zvinogona musiyano. Panobva yemagetsi munda akatendeuka dissimilar simbi kuonana. Achigura nepakati vari anoverengeka zvine maatomu akafanana, zvikuru sei.

Mahwendefa dissimilar nesimbi ndokuisa bepa discs akaiswa mushonga wokuuraya pamwe electrolyte mhinduro, kutanga kwenguva yakareba zvaida zvinogona musiyano. Uye kunyange kana zvakanga pasi (1.1 V), asi Magetsi anogona kudzidzwa kwenguva refu. The chikuru ndechokuti voltage waichengetwa rusingaperi kwenguva.

Chii chiri kuitika

Sei ari manyuko, rinonzi "masero electrochemical", anonzi izvi?

Two simbi electrodes muNzvimbo insulator, kuridza mabasa akasiyana. Anovarwira maerekitironi, mumwe avagamuchira. Process redox kuita kunotungamirira kuti nekumwisa maerekitironi pane imwe electrode, unonzi akaipa padanda, uye wechipiri mhosva, runotaurwa sezvo zvakanaka rine chiteshi.

In chinonyanya nyore galvanic sero oxidation siyana kuitika panguva imwe electrode, rokudzorera - rumwe. Maerekitironi kusvika electrodes kubva kwokunze chikamu redunhu. The electrolyte iri muitisi weChidzidzo kuitika mukati Ion kunobva. nemishonga simba rinotungamirirwa ya kwacho.

Copper-zingi eremendi

Nheyo kushanda electrochemical masero kumboongorora muenzaniso yemhangura-zingi galvanic sero chiito icho kunopesana simba zingi uye mhangura sulfate. mabviro ichi yemhangura ndiro anoiswa mukati kugadzirisa hwemhangura sulfate, mumwe zingi electrode iri achinyatsotaurira imwe zingi sulfate mhinduro. The zvingaitwa vakapesana porous ikanyanya kudzivisa nokusanganisa, asi hazvo bata.

Kana redunhu yapera, pose paiva zingi iri oxidized. In nedanho nekuita pamwe zingi maatomu mvura ikava ions kuoneka mune mhinduro. On the electrode, maerekitironi vanosunungurwa, izvo zvinogona kutora chikamu mune nokuumbwa ano.

Kusvika pamusoro mhangura electrode, ivo maerekitironi zvinobatanidzwa munyaya rutapudzo zvakaitwa. Kubva mhinduro padenga pamusoro paiva ions mhangura svika ari kupora kwacho vari dzikwanise maatomu emhangura rakachengetedzwa zvokuita yemhangura.

Pfupisa kuitika: muitiro mashandiro muchitokisi iri pamwe sanduko Erekitironi reductant kuti oxidant rokunze chikamu cheni. Reactions kuitika panguva electrodes maviri. Inside bhuku runoyerera Ion ano.

Kuoma yekushandiswa

In musimboti, chero inobvira redox siyana zvinogona kushandiswa mabhatiri. Asi zvinhu anogona kushanda mune kuchengetedzeka unyanzvi okunze, kwete zvokuti. Uyezve, vazhinji siyana zvinoda zvinodhura zvinhu mari.

Modern mabhatiri vane nyore yakarongeka. electrodes maviri inoiswa imwe electrolyte achizadza ngarava - a bhatiri nyaya. Kwakadaro magadzirirwo zvinhu kurerutsa nemamiriro uye kuderedza mutengo mabhatiri.

Sero Chero electrochemical anokwanisa kuumba zvakananga kuitika.

DC nemishonga havabvumiri ose ions panguva batidza electrodes, saka chikwata unoshanda kwenguva refu. Nemakemikari kubereka ions pakupedzisira wakagumiswa maatomu akafanana zviri pauri.

The womukati kurwisa kwakaita simba rive kunokosha.

A zvishoma kurwisa

Kushandiswa Magetsi, hapana mubvunzo, akaunzira zvesayenzi uye kugadzira zvinhu mberi kuvandudza, akamupa chaizvo hombe. Asi simba kudzivisa mamiriro chokubuda anowana nenzira kuwedzera ikoko.

Kudivi rimwe, remagetsi ane unokosha ehupfumi inoshandiswa pamba uye Technology, panorumwe - pane wandei nemishonga. Physics somunhu sayenzi zvakasikwa ari kuedza uuraye nepakati, kuti zvipindirane ezvinhu izvi.

ano kurwisa zvauya kubva interplay kuti electrically mhosva nezvimedu vane fuma yavari kutamira. Siya muitiro uyu chaiye tembiricha ezvinhu, hazvibviri.

musimbwa

The womukati nemishonga kuitika kupi uye kuramba kwokunze zvikamu redunhu vane dzakasiyana hunhu, asi pana azvaiitwa ndiyo scoring kushanda nokuita mutariri.

Basa pacharo kunobva chete pamusoro ehupfumi ose anokonzera wayo kugutsikana: unhu electrodes uye electrolyte, uyewo zvokunze wedunhu zviyero, ari kurwisa izvo kunobva geometric parameters uye namakemikari zvivako zviri. Somuenzaniso, kurwisa zviri simbi waya kunowedzera kureba kwayo uye shoma uyewo sectional nharaunda. In kugadzirisa dambudziko, sei yokuderedza nemishonga yose Physics anokurudzira kushandisa unyanzvi zvinhu.

iyezvino Jobs

Maererano nomurayiro gst boces mu conductors dzinounzwa yakawanda kupisa kuri Proportional kuti kurwisa. Kana kwazvo kupisa Q unoratidza _HWN. , The simba razvino Ini, aibuda nguva t, tinowana:

• Q _HWN. = I ^{2 ·} R · t,

apo R - dzomunyika kurwisa simba rive.

In redunhu yose kusanganisira nechinzwano kwokunze zvikamu, yaipedzerwa kupisa zvinosimbiswa, iyo nzira iyo iri:

• Q _yose = I ^{2 ·} R · T + Ini ^{2 ·} R · T = I ^{2 ·} (R + R) · t,

Unonzi runotaurwa mu wefizikisi nemishonga: zvokunze vematunhu (zvinhu zvose kunze source) ane nemishonga ine R.

mutemo Ohm nokuda zvakakwana cheni

Funga kuti vakawanda basa iri kunze mauto kuti ano kunobva. nokukura Its akaenzana zvibereko vebasa akatakurirwa munda, uye simba electromotive mabviro:

• Q · E = I ² · (R + R) · t.

vachiziva kuti mutariri akaenzana chigadzirwa hwesimba kuitika panguva parinowanika, tine:

• E = I · (R + R).

Maererano chikonzero-uye-chaizvoizvo ukama mutemo Ohm kuti kunopiwa:

• I = E: (R + R).

Simba kuitika mu namahwindo wedunhu EMF ndiyo Proportional zvakananga simba kunobva uye inversely Proportional kune hombe (yose) redunhu nemishonga.

Kubva musi muenzaniso uyu, zvinokwanisika here kuziva womukati kurwisa uye kuitika kunobva.

Zvinoyerera mabviro capacitance

Chikuru maitiro anopa uye zvingasanganisira buditsa chinzvimbo. The kunonyanyisa kwazvo magetsi vakawana apo uchishanda pasi zvimwe zvinhu, zvichienderana zvinoyerera ano.

In akakodzera nyaya, kana zvimwe approximations anoteererwa, zvinoyerera vanokwanisa vanogona kunzi rusingaperi.

Somuenzaniso, mutemo bhatiri riri 1.5 V zvinogona musiyano ane zvinoyerera inokwana 0.5 Ah. Kana zvinoyerera Kuyerera 100 Ma, ipapo kushanda kwemaawa 5.

Nzira pakupomera mabhatiri

Mashandiro ari bhatiri kunotungamirira zvinoyerera yavo. Recovery bhatiri uchiraira zviduku zvinhu rinoitwa ane kuitika ane simba mutengo idukusa chegumi kunobva mugaba.

Zvinotevera kuchaja nzira:

• kushandisa kugara kuitika nokuda akafanorongerwa nguva (maawa anenge 16 0.1 ano bhatiri vanokwanisa);
• achideredza ndinorova ichangobuda kune akafanorongerwa ukoshi dzingangoitika musiyano;
• Shandisa asymmetrical dzenzvimbo;
• anotevedzana kushanda pulses pfupi kuraira uye zvaikosha, umo wokutanga mukuru wechipiri.

inoshanda basa

Aronga basa: kuona womukati kurwisa yacho kunobva kuitika uye EMF.

Nokuti ayo Implementation vanofanira azotongwa kubudikidza ano bhuku, imwe ammeter, voltmeter, masiraidhi rheostat, inokosha akagadzirwa conductors.

Achishandisa mutemo Ohm kwakaita kuti namahwindo redunhu achasarudza dzomunyika kurwisa zviri kuitika kupi. Kuti aite izvi, unofanira kuziva EMF kukosha rheostat nemishonga.

Akaverenga kuitika kurwisa payakavakirwa kuruvazhe chikamu cheni zvinogona tsunga kubva Mutemo Ohm nokuda subcircuit:

• I = U: R,

apo I - kuitika mu rokunze redunhu, kunoonekwa ane ammeter; U - voltage pamusoro kwokunze resistor.

Kuti uvandudze kururama yakayerwa chinoitirwa kanenge 5 nguva. Ko sei? The Akayera panguva kuedza voltage, nemishonga, ano (chaipo, ano) anoshandiswa hereinafter.

Kuti uone kuti electromotive simba simba panobva, shandisa chokwadi chokuti voltage mhiri zviteshi zvayo kana rakavhurika tsinga dzinenge akaenzana EMF.

Kuisa ngetani akatevedzana-hwakabatana mabhatiri, resistors, ammeter kiyi. The zviteshi of ano kunobva batanidza chimwe voltmeter. Nokuzviparadzanisa chinja, bvisa uchapupu hwake.

The womukati nemishonga, iyo nzira rinobva mutemo Ohm nokuda zvachose vematunhu, kutsanangura masvomhu:

• I = E: (R + R).
• R = E: I - U: I.

Pakuyera anoratidza kuti dzomunyika nemishonga iri chaizvo duku pane rwokunze.

The kushandisika pamusoro bhatiri uye matochi ane yakafarikana kushanda. Chisingarambiki zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza kuchengeteka dzemagetsi Motors kuva mubvunzo, asi kuti pave capacious bhatiri, ergonomic - dambudziko wefizikisi ano. Chisarudzo Its hunotungamirira itsva ose kugadzira motokari rwokugadzira.

Compact, lightweight, mukuru-kukwanisa mabhatiri uyewo dzinokosha mune Mobile zvemagetsi. nerubatsiro simba rinoshandiswa maari zvine chokuita zvakananga kushanda chigadzirwa.