Musiyano dzaichengetwa mhuka kubva dzomusango?

Domestication - inofanira, umo yekudyidzana anochinja manyorero yomusango upenyu hwemhuka. Chii mhuka vaizosvika pamwe murume uye akatanga kuuya naye nyasha? Wild imbwa yaidiwa okuvhimisa uye kudzivirirwa, mombe uye yehuku vakauya nyama uye mukaka, mabhiza aiva motokari yakanaka, asi katsi vakabatsira kubvisa nemakonzo. Mhuka dzaichengetwa vari nyore midzi munzanga yevanhu uye akava shamwari yake inokosha uye mubatsiri.

A Nhoroondo shoma

The domestication kuti mhuka okurima rwendo Mikoko shure neolithic nguva, izvo anenge 9000 apfuura. Varimi Ancient vakatanga vaine maberekero rembudzi, ipapo makwai, nguruve uye mombe. The zvakasimbisa nokuti ichi zvichida chaiva kwepasi pakupera of Ice Age, izvo zvakakonzera kwemvura kuMiddle East uye akatungamirira vanhu kuungana kumativi zvakavimbika mvura zvinyorwa. Zvakazoitwa kuwedzera kwevanhu arambe achirema yave kwakaderedza kubudirira nokuvhima kuunganidzwa, kurima zvirimwa, uye vaisagona zvakazara kusangana kwokudiwa chikafu. Painenge mhuka chete akavimbika anopa mapuroteni-zvokudya munguva chishoma.

Dzaichengetwa mhuka: Features

Pet dzinoratidzwa akawanda zvinhu. Chekutanga, zvikazara vakatapwa nokuda zvoupfumi purofiti. Chechipiri, vanhu inodzora kusarudzwa kwacho, sangano mundima uye dzichifura. Mhuka dzaichengetwa vari akaberekwa vakatapwa uye anowanzoshandurwa dzinoratidzwa ne anatomi uye maitiro kubva kumadzitateguru avo dzemusango. Stress uye kuvimba vanhu kunotungamirira hormone kusaenzana uye unonetsa ikure kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri.

Rutoto vakatapwa iri kuwedzeredza Chiitiko inotungamirira pasi maitiro, duku muviri saizi, mafuta deposits pasi ganda, mumwe kupfupikisa eshaya, mazino uye uropi. Musiyano dzomusango dzaichengetwa hama? Mukuwedzera, vane yakasiyana chitarisiko, ivo hwakanyarara uye hazvina zvechisimba sezvo havafaniri kuzvidzivirira pazvikara uye zvimwe vanoshorwa zvinhu nemhuka dzomusango.

Dogs

Chokutanga dzaichengetwa mhuka - imbwa, maererano nenyanzvi dzakawanda, iri akabva Bere. Vamwe vatsvakurudzi vanoti kuti shamwari inotevera munhu kunge vakabva yakatotsakatika yomusango imbwa. Both mhando vanonyatsoziva kwemarongerwe evanhu vakuru, kutanga zvikuru kunzwisisa uye akarongeka mapoka kupfuura dzimwe mhuka.

Kana mapere vakatanga kunhonga marara vakatenderedza nemisha, vanhu vakatanga kutora puppy kupinda basa sezvo varindi uye vavhimi. Anopingudzwa nechimiro murume, mhuka idzi dzaichengetwa nyore midzi munzanga yevanhu uye kuva shamwari dzakatendeka pavanatenzi vavo.

mombe

Records emombe vari matongo chinyorwa makore 6000 apfuura muIjipiti uye Mesopotamia. tateguru wavo zvakafanana aiva yakatotsakatika senyanga. It akawana hunoshandiswa zhinji mhuka idzi dzaichengetwa, kusanganisira kuva vechibharo, uyewo kushandisa zvose zvavaikwanisa kupa - mukaka, nyama, mapfupa uye mafuta (nokuti pomoto).

nguruve

Nguruve dzakanga dzaichengetwa kubva musk dzemusango yakakomba nguva sezvo mombe dzakanga akapingudzwa. By maitiro avo vari munzira dzakawanda pedyo imbwa uye vanhu pane imwe mhou. Nguruve vaishandisa pamuviri kuonana nevamwe vomumhuri, kuvaka matendere nemibhedha. Ndivo handichisina simba pakuzvarwa uye zvinoda chinokosha kutarisirwa nevabereki.

Horses

mhuka dzaichengetwa dzakadai mabhiza, vakanga dzaichengetwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenyika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti kwacho kwakatanga muna anenge III. BC. e. muRussia uye West Asia kubva mabhiza dzemusango. herbivores aya kunyanya wakanyatsokodzera zvakanaka kurimwa pakaoma mumapani.

Chokutanga, havana kunyange kushandiswa zvokudya, asi nesimba ndivaite motokari yakanaka yokufamba. Kugona kutakura munhu yaiva nezvainoita upfumi kuburikidza kuwedzera kufamba vanhu. It chaizvoizvo aiva inodiwa danho iri kukura yebudiriro kwevanhu.

katsi

Chii mhuka dzaichengetwa murume asi? Ancient zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo zvinoratidza kuti vaIjipiti vekare vakaramba katsi sezvo dzinovaraidza kwemakore ane chiuru BC. e. zvisikwa izvi akanaka ndivo zvagara vose nemitemo domestication.

Wild katsi akabatsira kubvisa makonzo nembeva, achidzivirira, saka, mumabhatiri zviyo panguva apo kurima akava kwakapararira. Izvi kunyanya usiku zvikara vakanga dzinodzorwa tanetseka chaizvo. Zvinofadza kuti ano dzaichengetwa katsi regai vakasiyana madzitateguru avo dzemusango.

Size nyaya

Kana mhuka dzaichengetwa kuva nengozi vanhu? Pane rakakura chinhu chinokosha panyaya kurwiswa uye kutyisidzira kuti upenyu hwevanhu. Pasinei nemafungiro, mhuka huru inogona chingaisa namapoka avo.

Mumwe guru zvipfuwo (mabhiza, mhou, ngamera, imbwa) anogona kukonzera kurasikirwa neupenyu. Sezvo shoko anoenda, unogona kubvisa mhuka kubva dzomusango, asi hazvigoni kubviswa chikara. Ngozi iri nguva dzose ikoko, uye refu uye akasimba mhuka, zvikuru ngozi iri pachena.

Nharaunda zvitarisiko maitiro

mhuka dzaichengetwa - haasi marobhoti kuti chiite kuzvibata nenzira imwe nzira chete. Zvisinei, chero mhuka vanomutswa vakatapwa vanogona kuva yakasiyana vazvo dzemusango.

Somuenzaniso, achienzanisa unhu dzomusango katsi vane kufunga zvakavapoteredza. The maitiro uye zvepfungwa kwazvakaita izvi zvinoumba yakawanda kufanana. Kuva zvokudya zvakakwana uye kuva kure zvakawandisa kumanikidzwa uye ngozi kuripo zvakasikwa, mhuka siyana.

Vazhinji vavo varambe nevakawanda Maitiro muduku, apo mhuka haana kupinda zvizere vayaruka. Young puppies uye vana vayo, somuenzaniso, achazvikudza zvakafanana.

Kusvikira vava ndokupfura kubva dendere (the) kutsvaka vari dzesango, vari kusimba nomutsa, tamba uye fara nevamwe, sezvo papfungwa yavo haina okurega kuukuru yokurwisa.