Mutemo Ohm nokuda namahwindo vematunhu

Ani naani akasarudza kugadzira uye dzigadziridzwe nemagetsi zvivako dzakagadzirirwa yangu, rinozivikanwa mashoko vadzidzisi: "mutemo Ohm nokuda namahwindo vematunhu unofanira kuziva. Kunyange uchimuka usiku, zvinokosha kukwanisa kuzoumba nayo. Nokuti hwaro zvose zvemagetsi okugadzira. " Zvechokwadi, Nguva vakaona muenzaniso yefizikisi yokuGermany Georgom Simonom Ohm, kukanganiswa haizopereri kukura sayenzi magetsi.

Mugore 1826 gore, kuitisa kuedza kudzidza kwemutemo Magetsi kuburikidza muitisi, Ohm akaratidza zvakananga ukama pakati simba pari nechikoro kuti wedunhu simba romugove voltage (kunyange kana izvi kwakarurama kutaura electromotive simba EMF) uye kurwisa zviri kondakita pachayo. Nedoro kwave vakatodzidzisa somugumisiro akaonekwa mutemo Ohm kwakaita kuti namahwindo redunhu. Chinokosha: chakakoshera mutemo vanozivikanwa inokosha chinoshanda chete pasina ane kwokunze kukanganisa simba. Nemamwe mashoko, kana Somuenzaniso, muitisi iri imwe rakatumbuka remagineti, zvakananga pokushandisa Pfungwa hazviiti.

mutemo Ohm nokuda namahwindo vematunhu rakazivikanwa kudzidza nyore zvirongwa: simba tsime (kuva emf) ayo maviri zviteshi kuti resistor vari conductors, umo mune rinotungamirirwa kufamba zvokutanga nezvimedu mhosva vatakuri. Nokudaro, magetsi ari nhamba electromotive simba zvachose kurwisa kwemutariri:

I = E / R,

apo E - the electromotive simba simba nerubatsiro, akayera mu volts; I - kuitika, muna amperes; R - yemagetsi resistor, mune ohms. Cherechedza kuti mutemo Ohm kwakaita kuti namahwindo redunhu inorangarira zvinoriumba ose R. Munguva Masvomhu vapedze kutenderera rakavharwa kubudikidza resistor R kuziva uwandu resistivity kondakita (R), simba panobva (r0). Ndiko:

I = E / (R + R + r0).

Kana dzomunyika kurwisa kwakaita kunobva r0 kupfuura Verengai R + R, magetsi hakubvi pamusoro zvechadenga zvakabatana mutoro. Nemamwe mashoko, tsime voltage iri nyaya iri kuitika tsime. Kana kukosha r0 idukusa R + R, magetsi ari inversely Proportional kune zvachose zvokunze nemishonga, uye simba panobva zvinowanisa munhu voltage.

Kana achiita Masvomhu yakarurama kufungawo kunyange voltage kurasikirwa majoini. An electromotive simba kunotemwa nokuyera zvinogona musiyano mhiri simba zviteshi panguva vasingadiwi mutoro (remudunhu rakashama).

mutemo Ohm nokuda subcircuit kushandiswa zvakafanana kazhinji namahwindo loop. Musiyano ndechokuti kuverenga asingadi kufungawo EMF, asi chete vanokwanisa musiyano. zano akadaro anonzi homogeneous. Muchiitiko ichi pane chinokosha zvakadaro, izvo anobvumira kuverenga zvinoitwa magetsi mudunhu rimwe nerimwe zvinhu zvayo. We uzvinyore muchimiro nzira yemaitiro:

I = U / R;

apo U - voltage kana zvinogona kusiyana mune volts. It kunoonekwa pedyo voltmeter kwakabatana munguva akaererana zviteshi pamusoro Yatanga Kuongorora chipi ichocho (nemishonga). The zvichiguma U-ukoshi nguva dzose muduku kupfuura EMF.

Chaizvoizvo, zvakaita nzira iyi yakakurumbira. Kuziva chero maviri zvinoumba ari yemaitiro, unogona kuwana wechitatu. Kukarukureta matunhu zvinhu kushanda achishandisa mutemo chuma mugove.

mutemo Ohm kwakaita kuti rinobva redunhu kunonyanya akafanana nokududzirwa electric redunhu. Pachinzvimbo namahwindo rinobva redunhu kondakita rinoshandiswa, tsime riri coils ichitenderera ne ano kupfuura kuburikidza windings. Saizvozvowo, pane imwe rinobva nekubudisa anovhara panguva rinobva vematunhu. Magnetic nekubudisa (F), achiparadzira kuburikidza nzira zvakananga kunobva kukosha MDS (magnetomotive simba) uye kurwisa mashoko nepamahofisi rinobva nekubudisa:

F = F / RM;

apo F - rinobva zvinoyerera Weber; F - MDS mu amperes (dzimwe nguva Gilbert); RM - nemishonga, zvichikonzera attenuation.