The Second World War. September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945 nechisimba German kwePoland musi waSeptember 1, 1939

Munhoroondo yenyika, zvinofungirwa kuti musi pakatanga Hondo Yenyika II - September 1, 1939, mauto eGermany akaita akaparadzawo Poland. Mhedzisiro ichi chaiva rakwo basa uye annexation wenharaunda mamwe States. Somugumisiro, Britain uye France vakazivisa pokupinda kwavo munyika hondo pamwe Germany, izvo akatanga kusikwa Anti-Hitler mubatanidzwa. On mazuva aya, European moto kwakamuka pamwe risingadzivisiki simba.

Nyota muchiuto kutsiva

The uchityaira simba vanotyaira wokuti Germany of thirties kwaiva kudzokorora miganhu European, yakatangwa maererano Chibvumirano Versailles muna 1919, yabatanidza migumisiro pamutemo kupedza nguva pfupi hondo. Sezvaunoziva, Germany panguva kundikana pamushandirapamwe nokuti akafirwa nhamba nyika kuva naye kwokutanga. AHitler sarudzo kukunda muna 1933 kunonyanya kukonzerwa ake kunoda rechiuto kutsiva uye kuomerera zvose nzvimbo German ine dzemadzinza vokuGermany. zvinotaurwa nevezvematongerwe kwakadaro awana yakadzika nevaya mumwoyo vavhoti, uye vakamupa mavhoti avo.

Pamberi paiva kudenhwa Poland (1 September 1939), uye kutaura zvazviri gore asati, Germany akaita Anschluss (annexation) Austria uye annexation pamusoro Sudetenland mudunhu Czechoslovakia. Kuti zvirongwa izvi, uye kuti vazvidzivirire zvichiita nemishonga kwePoland, Hitler aita navo 1934 runyararo chibvumirano, uye nokuda mana akatevera kuti vanoshingaira kusika chimiro ushamwari. The mufananidzo hwachinja mushure Sudetenland uye chikamu chikuru Czechoslovakia vakanga nechisimba vasiyana Reich. Nenzwi itsva wakaridza uye vamiriri German abvumirwa guru wePolish.

Germany anoti oedza kuhuramba

Vasati September 1, 1939 chikuru German miganhu dzinofunga pamusoro Poland vaiva, chokutanga, nyika yayo, yakabatana Sea reBaltic uye raiparadzanisa Germany kubvira East Prussia, uye chepiri Danzig (Flughafen), izvo panguva iyoyo mamiriro guta vakasununguka. Muzviitiko zvacho zvose, kuti Reich vakatevera zvido kwete chete rezvematongerwo enyika, asi evasingatombonamati zvoupfumi. Panyaya iyi, Hurumende Polish ane basa kumanikidzwa kubva vamiriri German.

In yechirimo Wehrmacht ndakatora chikamu kuCzechoslovakia, izvo uchiri ayo rusununguko, pashure zvakava pachena kuti rinotevera Danho achava kuPoland. Summer muMoscow hurukuro dzakaitwa vamiriri munyika dzinoverengeka. basa ravo rakanga kuva European kuchengeteka zviyero uye kusikwa sungano kunangana German kurwisa. Asi akanga asina kuumbwa nokuda chinzvimbo Poland pacharo. Uyezve, vavariro dzakanaka hadzina achaiswa akaziva, uye mhosva nevamwe vechikamu rimwe nerimwe vakarangana zvirongwa zvavo.

Mhedzisiro ichi chaiva zvino wakashata chibvumirano chasainwa Molotov uye Ribbentrop. Gwaro iri akavimbisa Hitler asiri chipingaidzo rutivi Soviet iri chiitiko yaiparadza, uye Fuehrer akapa murayiro kutanga ruvengo.

Mauto kuti hondo uye vakakutsamwisai pamuganhu

Vavamba Poland, Germany aiva chinokosha zvinobatsira iri nhamba yevashandi revarwi vavo, uye avo michina michina. Zvinozivikanwa kuti panguva iyi mauto avo zvombo vanosvika makumi mapfumbamwe namasere kupatsanurana, apo Poland September 1, 1939 vakanga chete matatu namapfumbamwe. Plan kubvuta kundima Polish akatakura bumbiro zita "Trappers".

Ezvidzidzo izvozvo, murayiro German yaidiwa pokumuwanira, uye maererano Intelligence uye Counterintelligence akanga akatakurwa achiburitswa kunze dzakatevedzana vakakutsamwisai, ane chinangwa chaiva kupomera hondo vanhu kwePoland. Vashandi chaiwo dhipatimendi weSS, uye mbavha, basa kubva siyana mumajeri German, akapfeka nguo rehurumende uye vakabata zvombo Polish, nhevedzano kurwisa zvivako German iri zvose muganhu.

Pakutanga hondo: September 1, 1939

Saka akasika chiitiko akanga pokunyengetedza zvakakwana: kudzivirira zvayo National zvido pamusoro encroachments kubva kunze. Germany yakarwisa Poland musi waSeptember 1, 1939, uye nguva pfupi pashure United Kingdom uye France vava vechikamu zviitiko. Land mberi mutsetse atambanudza kuti gumi nezvitanhatu namazana makiromita, asi vamwe pane kuti, vanhu vokuGermany vaishandisa nezvikepe zvavo.

Kubva pazuva tsamwisa wokutanga chigadzirwe German akazarura moto pamusoro Danzig, umo vazhinji vemadzimai mumatanda zvokudya dzichiitika. guta rino akava kukunda rokutanga zvakaunzwa Second World War vokuGermany. September 1, 1939 akatanga kurwisa kwayo panyika. Pakazopera rokutanga pakaziviswa kwemapazi Danzig kuna Reich.

Nechisimba Poland September 1, 1939 akaita zvose zvinhu panguva dzinoshandiswa Reich mauto. Zvinozivikanwa kuti zvinenge panguva vakanga pasi aungana bombardment maguta akadai Wielun, Chojnice, Starogard uye Bydgoszcz. SWAT Most ndavhiyiwa Vilyun apo vakafa zuva iroro vagari gumi zana, makumi manomwe nemashanu kubva muzana zvivako zvakaparadzwa. Uyewo kubva mabhomba Nazi kukanganiswa mamwe maguta akawanda.

Zvakabuda yatanga ruvengo Germany

Maererano kare yakatanga inokosha plan, September 1, 1939 akatanga kuvhiyiwa kubvisa mhepo Poland Aviation, yakavakirwa pana airfields zvechiuto kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munyika. VeGermany izvi vakabatsira kuti nokukurumidza mberi kwayo pasi mauto uye kunyimwa Poles mikana redeploy kurwisana mauto rails, uyewo kupedza chokugutsikana nguva pfupi vasati kuunganidza. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti pazuva yehondo Polish Air Force rakaparadzwa zvachose rechitatu.

Mauto eGermany yakatanga zvaigumbura maererano urongwa, "Blitz sota" - mheni hondo. September 1, 1939, wakati aita ake anonyengera nechisimba, vanhu vokuGermany mberi kwakadzika paruwa, asi munzvimbo dzakawanda vanosangana kukuru nemishonga muduku kwavari mauto Polish dzakabatana. Asi kukurukurirana pamusoro motorized uye warrior dzakabatana zvinovabvumira nokukurumidza unorema kurohwa. muviri wavo akaenda mberi, nokukurira kurwisa wePolish zviumbu, kunyimwa mukana kusabatana uye kubatana General Staff.

nekunyengera nevatsigiri

Maererano nemasaini May 1939 chibvumirano, mauto omubatanidzwa akanga kubvira pamazuva okutanga German kurwisa achishandisa zvose zvinowanikwa kubatsira Poles. Asi chokwadi, zvikazooneka zvakasiyana. Zviito izvi mauto maviri vakazopiwa kunzi "hondo phony". Chokwadi chokuti rimwe zuva paiva kurwiswa Poland (1 September 1939), vakuru vose nyika akatuma vakuru German kokupedzisira kupururudza utsinye. Vasina kugamuchira yakanaka mhinduro, yeFrance mauto musi September 7, vakayambuka muganhu German muna Saar mudunhu.

Pasina kusangana chero nemishonga, ivo, zvisinei, pane dzichiri mberi tsamwisa, vaiona zvakanakisisa pachavo havana kuramba kurwa uye akatanga kudzokera kwavo yepakutanga nzvimbo. The Chirungu kazhinji chete muunganidzwa sarudzo. Saka, mubatanidzwa wemauto airwisa Germany nokunyengera akatengesa Poland, asiya kuti vazviriritire.

Zvichakadai, nyanzvi panguva yakanga sokuti nzira havana kurashikirwa rakasiyana mukana kumisa kumukira Nazi uye kuponesa vanhu kubva pamwero mukuru-refu hondo. Nokuti mauto ayo zvose nesimba Germany panguva iyoyo havana masimba zvakakwana kurwa fronts matatu. Nokuti kumutengesa uku France akabhadhara chaizvo nokuda kwegore, kana yechiFascist divi cha mumigwagwa yaro guru.

hondo huru yokutanga

Papera vhiki Warsaw akanga pasi pokutsamwa muvengi yakakuwandira, uye wakange, chokwadi, kubviswa huru mauto dzakabatana. Iye akarwisa nemitanhatu Panzer Corps Wehrmacht. Tanetseka chaizvo, ivo vanotsigira guta vakakwanisa kumisa muvengi. Kwokudzivirira guru, kuti riwedzere kusvikira 27 September. Zvakazoitwa capitulation kuponeswa kubva kwakakwana uye kunotoitika kuparadzwa. Nokuti nguva yose yapfuura vokuGermany vakatsiva zvikuru matanho akandosungawo Warsaw: rimwe chete zuva 19 September 5818 kwakanaya mabhomba, izvo zvakakonzera kukuru kuvadza rakasiyana mapurani pazvivako, tisingatauri vanhu.

hondo Major mumazuva iwayo kwakaitika pamusoro rwizi Bzura - mumwe mutero of Vistula. Two hondo Polish ndokukuvadza mumwe unorema akarova kudunhu panowanikwa Warsaw 8th Division of Wehrmacht. Somugumisiro, vanhu vokuGermany dzakamanikidzwa kuenda pamusoro kuzvidzivirira, uye chete vakapindira kwavari vavabatsire kupa chinokosha kusanganiswa ukuru, mararamiro hondo. Uto Polish asingagoni kurwa hondo dzavo nani. vanhu vanenge zana nemakumi matatu nezviuru vakatorwa musungwa, uye vashoma akakwanisa kubuda "muhomwe" uye kupaza kuna guru.

An Zvisingatarisirwi Zvinoitika

Kuzvidzivirira urongwa kwaibva kudavira kuti UK uye France, achiita kwemitoro somubetseri, kuita utsinye. Zvakanga vaifungidzira kuti vokuPoland mauto, kuenda kumaodzanyemba-kumadokero kwenyika, vakaumba kuzvidzivirira bridgehead simba, ukuwo Wehrmacht vaizodzorerwa kwakamanikidzwa chikamu mauto matsva nhanho - nokuti hondo fronts maviri. Asi upenyu akaita padzimwe ayo.

Mazuva mashoma gare gare mauto Red Army, maererano imwe chakavanzika dzakati mamwe reSoviet-German vasiri utsinye chibvumirano, akapinda nharaunda kwePoland. Pamutemo vavariro chiito ichi chaiva nechokwadi rakachengeteka Belarusians, Ukrainians uye vaJudha vaigara kumabvazuva dziri nyika. Zvisinei, chaiwo mugumisiro pakatanga mauto aiva accession kuti Soviet Union wandei ndima Polish.

Achiziva kuti hondo akarasika, vokuPoland mukuru murayiro vakasiya nyika, uye humwe Kufambisa nezviito kuitwa Romania, apo vakatamira nokuda nekudzvanya pamuganhu zvisiri pamutemo. Tichifunga pekusadziviririka payakatora nyika, vatungamiriri Polish, achisarudza mauto Soviet, akarayira vanhu vomunyika yake kwete kuvapa nemishonga. Izvozvo chikanganiso chavo vakaita somugumisiro kusaziva chokwadi kuti migumisiro vaviri vavengi vavo zvinoitiswa uri pre-kwakarongeka urongwa.

Hondo yokupedzisira guru Poles

Mauto eSoviet yakawedzera zvakatoitika kutsoropodza ezvinhu Poles. In iyi yakaoma, tine kwakadonha vaviri vavo toughest hondo iri masoja mugove wevaya vakanga vose nguva yakapfuura kubva ipapo, kana September 1, 1939 Germany yakarwisa Poland. In inoverengeka chete kurwa inogona kupfeka rwizi Bzura. Vose vari vaviri, pamwe penguva mazuva akawanda, akatora nzvimbo pedyo netaundi Tomaszow Lubelski, zvino vanobatanidzwa Lublin province.

Kurwa basa Poles yaisanganisira varwi vehondo vaviri kupaza German chinodzivirira, ichivharira nzira Lions. Somugumisiro hondo refu uye ropa vokuPoland divi akatambura inorema nezvinhu, uye musungwa vokuGermany vakanga mauto anodarika zviuru makumi maviri Polish. Somugumisiro, Tadeusz Piskor akamanikidzwa kuzivisa Kuregwa yapakati mberi rinotungamirirwa naye.

nokukurumidza kupa September 17 Hondo Tamashuvom Lubelski akatangazve nesimba rakawedzerwa. Purogiramu yakanga wakapindwa Polish nevarwi Northern Front, kumadokero chakati ne rechinomwe mauto Corps German General Leonarda Vekera, uye kubva kumabvazuva - chikamu Red Army, anofunga vokuGermany maererano nourongwa chete. Zviri zvakajeka kuti kwakaderera yapfuura nezvinhu uye kunyimwa kukurukura mukuru muchiuto utungamiriri, kuti Poles asingagoni kurwa hondo yokurwisa vatsigiri vavo.

Kutanga emagandanga hondo uye kugadzwa clandestine mapoka

By 27 September Warsaw akanga zvachose mumaoko vokuGermany, uyo akakwanisa munzvimbo zhinji kupwanya zvachose kurwisa weuto dzakabatana. Zvisinei, kunyange kana nyika yose yavaibatisa, murayiro Polish haina akasaina nhumbi mapfumo. The nyika rave muAtlantic remagandanga sangano rinotungamirirwa basa vehondo pamwe anodiwa ruzivo uye yetsiva ruzivo. Uyezve, kunyange munguva basa kuramba vaNazi Polish murayiro wakaiswa kuti kuvaka sangano rakakura pevhu anonzi "Service kuti Poland Victory."

Kunobva Invasion kwePoland

Nechisimba Poland September 1, 1939 kwakaguma ayo kukundwa uye zvikamu hunotevedzana. Hitler akaronga pakusikwa wake chidzoyi wehurumende pamwe ndima mukati miganhu Umambo kuPoland, iyo yaiva chikamu kubva 1815 kusvika 1917 Russia. Asi Stalin aipikisa urongwa, sezvo aiva wepachokwadi anokumhan'arira kuti voruzhinji chero vokuPoland.

Germany nechisimba Poland muna 1939 uye haizopereri kukundwa wakakwana okupedzisira kwakaita Soviet Union mumakore iwayo mutsigiri Germany, kuda nemiganhu yayo munzvimbo 196.000 mativi mamita. ? km uye nemhaka iyi kuwedzera vokuparidzira vanhu mamiriyoni 13. The nechokumuganhu mutsva akaparadzanisa nzvimbo tsindirana yakagara Ukrainians uye Belarusians kubva munzvimbo kare inogarwa vokuGermany.

Achitaura kurwisa German musi Poland muna September 1939, zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti vanotyaira utungamiri German dzakakwanisa yose kuita zvirongwa zvavo. Somugumisiro vaimbopota muganhu kuEast Prussia vakatamira kuna Warsaw. Chirevo nhamba 1939 wePolish enyika rine vanhu vanopfuura mapfumbamwe nehafu mamiriyoni vanhu vakava rutivi Third Reich.

Pamutemo izvozvo akachengetedzwa chete chiduku chikamu wakare, akaisa kuna Berlin. Its kwakasvika Krakow. Kwenguva yakareba (September 1, 1939 - September 2, 1945) Poland aisava mukana kuitisa chero yakazvimirira negwaro.