The womukati nemamiriro Sun uye nyeredzi huru kutevedzana uye simba zvinyorwa

Stars - vakawanda muviri ari muchadenga. astrophysicists Vakawanda kutsaurira upenyu hwavo kuna avo pakudzidza. Muchiitiko chino, chiedza zvose zviri kure nyika kuti yakananga zvavo tsvakurudzo kusvikira chete hope. zuva chete rinowanikwa kungoramba kuongorora pfupi kure. Zvisinei, pane zvakaitika kuna nechepakati chinovheneka wedu yemapuraneti ezvinhu, vakawanda parameters zvinobviswa Masvomhu yakavakirwa nedzidziso uye chete sananga kwakaitika zvaakacherechedza. The womukati nemamiriro Sun, anokonzera ayo simba, zvinoitwa nevamwe pezvakaitwa kuitika mukati - hunhu izvi zvose hwokurara "pamucheto wezasi wenzeve chinyoreso." Zvisinei, vava yakakwana kutsanangurira nuances dzakawanda nemaitiro kwete nyeredzi edu, asi vamwe akafanana navo nyeredzi.

parameters

Sun - a nyeredzi spectral mhando G2, yero zvipfupi. uremu Its vanofungidzirwa kuva 2 x 10 ³⁰ makirogiramu uye nharaunda iri 696 zviuru makiromita. Hydrogen (90%) kunodzora zvakasimba makemikari anoumba Zvinovheneka, zvichiteverwa nehelium (10%) uye kwakanyanya zvinhu (asingasviki 0.1%). Zvinyorwa Energy uye munyika nemamiriro zuva chokuita nhamba uye kutendeuka maatomu izvi.

Panguva imwe neimwe pfungwa chiedza kunoramba yakaramba pakuenzanisa maviri rinopikisa ravarwi giravhiti uye gasi kupombwa. Nokuda kwavo Ukama zuva iri akatsiga zvikuru kana zvishoma nzvimbo muviri. A yakafanana mashandiro ndiyo hwaro kuramba kutsiga zvose nyeredzi.

yenyukireya mugate

rezuva muenzaniso mukati riri vanowanika nokuda akaona data, yokungotaura pachisara Spectroscopy uye zvenyeredzi dzimwe nzira. Pahwaro mashoko yakaunganidzwa takatsunga ne zvechadenga nyeredzi. Mumichero mitemo uye nedzidziso kuvapo chero bedzi ivo akatsanangura zvakanaka maererano zvinoonekwa kuchinja nokuitika ezvokuvhenekesa nemamwe chikuru kutevedzana nyeredzi zvakafanana.

Maererano pfungwa ano vari kunyanya tsime gwenya mwaranzi yenyukireya siyana nguva zvichiitika paro. At zvikuru yakakwirira tembiricha (madhigirii mamiriyoni 14 Kelvin) Kushandurwa kunoitika rehydrogen kupinda nehelium. Izvi anosunungura chaizvo simba.

mapoka

The womukati nemamiriro Sun - ari munyika dzine matatu: Musimboti, isothermal, uye convective nharaunda. Ezvokuvhenekesa Musimboti anopindura pamusoro kota kwayo nharaunda, uye ari chaizvo zvikuru compressed zvinhu. Kernel Weight - vanenge hafu yose kwezuva. Zviri pano uye zvinoitwa kwetunhu zvinhu.

Izvi zvinoteverwa isothermal mapazi. Pano achiumbwa zvinoitwa ari chinoumba, simba iri yaitakurwa nemwaranzi. Izvi zvinonyanya unoratidzwa nzvimbo. Energy zvishoma nezvishoma seeps napo. Sezvo chinofamba akaderedza tembiricha uye kumanikidzwa mune zuva menyika. Navamwe izvi waivako parameters convection pezvakaitwa kuitika - rakatevera zvakaturikidzaniswa inotangira ezvokuvhenekesa. Pano, kuti simba kutapurirana rinoitwa ne fuma. The convection mapazi ari Sun ndoda isothermal (rechinomwe mugove nharaunda).

zvayakaita akarondedzera

The womukati nemamiriro Sun uye nyeredzi huru kutevedzana rakafanana. Hazvina siyanei panyaya zvitema nyeredzi uye tsvuku dwarfs. Nokuti kwese convective yokutanga chinoumba uye zvakakwana dzimwe nzvimbo inobwinya kuchinjwa (isothermal). Red dwarfs pamusoro nzvimbo kutevedzana kwezviitiko akaturikidzana zvakafanana nevaya Sun-senyeredzi. Zvisinei, havana vakatonga convection mapazi uye radiative kutapurirana Tinongoda mugove zviduku.

chadenga

Familiar kwatiri kubva penyika Sun haisi. It, senyeredzi zvose, zviri yemandorokwati bhora negasi. Pamusoro conventionally dzinounzwa uye delimits ezvokuvhenekesa convective mapazi uye mhepo. Paro emit matatu akaturikidzana.

The womukati nemamiriro Sun uye nyeredzi huru kutevedzana, akafanana nawo, inoguma convection wongoramba. Zviri yakabatana photosphere, 300-mita rukoko apo chiedza nenhokwe muchadenga, kusanganisira Earth zvakananga. Avhareji tembiricha kuti chikamu ichi - 5800 K. Sezvo chinhambwe kubva convective rukoko rikawira kuti kukosha 4800 K. The photosphere sparse chaizvo. arambe achirema Its ane chiuru nguva shoma pane imwe parameter dzedenga Panyika. Zvishoma nezvishoma, inoyerera kupinda chromosphere, riri shure zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri Corona.

The anoumba chadenga

Zviri zvimwe zvinhu kuruvazhe anoshongwa kwahwo akatsunga kushandisa spectral kuongorora. Data ake zvinoratidza kuti makemikari anoumba gwenya muchadenga zvakafanana parudzi wechipiri nyeredzi (vakanga yakaumbwa mumakore bhiriyoni mashoma apfuura). Kusiyana zvavo vamutangira, vari dzinoratidzwa kukuru wevasungwa emaatomu ezvinhu zvinhu zvairema kupfuura hydrogen nehelium. Sun uye Zvinovheneka zvakafanana pakuumbwa pashure pokuparadzwa chizvarwa rokutanga nyeredzi dziri mukati iyo iri Fusion kwacho uye kuumbwa inorema zvinhu.

chromosphere

The womukati nemamiriro Sun nenyeredzi haisi kuwanikwa zvakananga rucherechedzo. The chete zvinogona kutaurwa zvichitevera photosphere mhepo cladding Zvinovheneka. Zvizhinji Kupenya unokubvumira kumuona chete panguva kuora kwezuva kwakakwana. goko uyu anonzi "chromosphere", iro rinoreva "bhora mavara". Panguva apo mwedzi occludes zuva, izvozvo anowana pinkish Hue, chitarisiko iyo inosimudzira rehydrogen. Hazvina chaikosha ichi chinhu chinoshamisa chikamu zvikuru rarefied chromosphere.

The tembiricha iri kupfuura yapfuura rukoko. Fani iyi akatsanangura kuti kuderera arambe achirema kwenyaya. In yokumusoro chromosphere tysyach tembiricha rinosvika 50 madhigirii Kelvin.

korona

rehydrogen spectral mutsetse haizorambi distinguishable panguva nekukwirira 12,000 makiromita pamusoro photosphere. A zvishoma kumwezve kuoneka chero calcium. Its chakarondedzera mutsetse nokupera mushure 2 000? Km. A nekukwirira 14,000? Km pamusoro photosphere ichaongororwa pakutanga Corona, chokunze goko kuti nyeredzi wedu wechitatu.

The kumusoro ari notional pemvura zuva, mhepo shoma gobvu netembiricha zvikuru. Corona, yeplasma chinhu sparse, neshungu kusvika mamiriyoni 2 madhigirii Kelvin. Somugumisiro, nzvimbo inova zvachose fuma simba tsime maekisirei uye ultraviolet nemwaranzi.

Zvakatsvakurudzwa zvinoratidza kuti kureba korona ndiyo 30 kwezuva radii. The kure chromosphere, kashoma rakati ndoo anova. rukoko Its okupedzisira runoyerera muchadenga, achiumba mhepo kwezuva.

remangwana

The womukati nemamiriro Sun, sezvinoonekwa nemasayendisiti nhasi haazogari nokusingaperi kudaro. Nokufamba kwenguva, maererano Zvaifungidzirwa mumakore anenge mabhiriyoni 5, zuva vachamhanya kubva ndiri peturu. Somugumisiro, dzomunyika mamiriro kwezuva kuchinja zvikuru: chinoumba iri compressed kuti saizi muduku pane 100 nguva kukura vezviedza ano, uye goko kwayo vasara kuva akadzikama zvishoma nezvishoma mhepo. nyeredzi yedu vachapinda tsvuku hofori chokutambudzika. Pashure makumi mashomanana ezviuru zvemakore, akawedzera Sun kuti goko dissipates mu muchadenga uye chiedza ndichatambanudzira kuva chena zvipfupi.

nechokwadi

Pokumuka zviitiko vanogona kuenda Muchiitiko zvakasiyana, nokuti zvinyorwa simba uye munyika nemamiriro Sun nenyeredzi akafanana naye, haisi zvakazara. Zvave kuti Fusion yenyukireya asina kutamba kwakadaro basa rinokosha, raakanga rwunoverengerwa. Kunanga kusimbisa ichi - zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri neutrinos, kana pane, kushaya kwayo. nezvimedu aya yakaumbwa munguva Fusion maitiro uye vane simba penetrative nemano, i.e. kunge zvakanaka dzisvike Earth. Zvisinei, kuti dzibve kure rakakundikana.

Interesting uye date boka vanoongorora nyeredzi inotungamirwa Academician AB Northern. Maererano navo Sun kunzwa zviduku nokufamba. Ivo zvinogoneka kana kupenya zvakafanana chete. Ndizvo, kana zvaigoneka akakunda womukati nemamiriro Sun Photo kwaizoratidza kufanana zvakakwana akaturikidzana. Nokudaro pachivanze zviedza tembiricha inofanira kuva mamiriyoni 6,5 madhigirii Kelvin kuti zvishoma nokuda yenyukireya siyana. Nepo pfungwa iyi chete kuwedzera.

Saka, dzomunyika nemamiriro Sun, pfupiso diki pano, zvinoda mamwe kuongororwa. Zvichida pakupedzisira kunzwisisa pezvakaitwa kuitika pakadzika nyeredzi, achava yatiinayo chete pashure chinokosha kuvandudzika zvokushandisa uye nzira cognition.