Ndiani akawana Chiitiko kuti rabha vulcanization, uye chii ichocho?

Ndiani akawana Chiitiko kuti rabha vulcanization, haasi munhu wose anoziva. Kunyange zvazvo zita munhu uyu kakawanda anotaurwa okushambadza. zita rake rainzi Charles Nelson Goodyear, uye nhasi zita rake, "ndiwo" inozivikanwa muchiso matai. Pasina nokubatikana ake, "Indian rabha" (rabha) kuzotadza vakawana kushandiswa kwose kwose, t. To. Aingova gimmick, kamwe kubva America. Kwemakore akawanda, Charles yaiitisa dzakawanda kuedza nezvinhu zvakasiyana vaiitawo rabha zvinoriumba (kubva turpentine kune chepfu zingi oxide), nepo muna 1839 gore haisi aivhurwa Kuronga pfuma nesarufa.

Chii rabha vulcanization kwacho? Mukuona kemisitiri - aida kuchinja rabha remubatanidzwa mamorekuru mu-dimensional matatu spatial afoot mhando, pamwe transverse makemikari zvisungo chaizvo isingawanzowanikwi. Zvapedzisira pfuma achibvumira matai kuramba zvakafanana zvikuru kuchinja, sei pane zvakasikwa rabha, umo chinoitwa.

In rabha vulcanization ari afoot kunogona kuwanikwa pasi kumusoro tembiricha kana mwaranzi, uye kana kushandisa chaiyo namakemikari mumiririri. Kazhinji, kunorapwa achishandisa rinokosha dzakabatana akaita boilers, jekiseni Kuumbwa michina, nemichina, autoclaves, shaper-vulcanizers uye coolants (kubva inopisa hwemvura kune zvemagetsi kudziyisa).

The Kurapwa tembiricha kuti mbishi rabha inogona kunyatsonanga dzakasiyana zvichienderana Kushandiswa rokupedzisira chigadzirwa. A klassiske siyana kubva 130 kusvika 200 Celsius, kunyange inogadziriswa rabha coatings uye adhesives dzimwe nguva vakaporeswa pa nzvimbo tembiricha (pa 20 madhigirii, ari "vulcanization inotonhora"). Zvinhu nevasori vari zvakasiyana-siyana kuti kupiwa kwacho. Most kwaiwanzoitwa sulfuric vulcanization, izvo anobvumira kugamuchira diene rubbers inoshandiswa tai kugadzira uye rabha shangu. Uyezve, basa rinokosha iri kuridzwa ne vanonzi "boosters" (nokuti yokupedzisira mhando pakupfuura), ndiko kunonyanya sulfonamides uye kuchiiswa TIZOL.

Hot vulcanization kuti rabha kunogona kuitwa munguva pfupi zvikuru nguva kana boosters vanobatanidzwa mune makemikari kwacho: dithiocarbamates, kana xanthates. Panyaya iyi oparesheni kunoitika nokukurumidza panguva tembiricha vanenge 110-125 inegumi. Nokuti achirapa adhesives uye vamwe latex blends tembiricha repasi (20 kusvika 100 madhigirii) inogona kushandiswa kana uchishandisa yavaibvisa dimethyldithiocarbamate.

Rinoshandiswa vulcanization kuti rabha webetsero zvinhu (oligoester acrylates, peroxides, phenol nebwe, etc.) Bvumira kuwana zvigadzirwa dzakakwirira kupisa nemishonga, monolithic, nani dielectric ehupfumi. Uyewo haana rokupedzisira basa paumbwe imwe chigadzirwa (kubva inotsikwa majombo kuti nezvishongo), antioxidants (kutamba Kurebesa upenyu rabha) uye plasticizers, vachibvumira yokuderedza viscosity zviri pafuma mukurapa uye mwero "erasing".