The Amur River - muromo, tsime uye vabati vechibharo. tsananguro pfupi zvinhu uye mvura iyerere

Hapana vanogara kuFar East mudunhu richava nharo kuti avo rwizi huru ndiyo Amur. It iri panzvimbo yechina pakati penzizi Russian, wechipiri pakureba chete kuti aibuda zvakadai rakaisvonaka sezvo Ob, Yenisei uye Lena. Muromo Amur River - Gungwa Okhotsk.

tsananguro pfupi

Aqueous kuyerera inoumbwa kwemapazi Arguna uye Shilki. Panzvimbo yakatangwa, kusvikira Khabarovsk vaiona muganhu pakati penyika mbiri: Russia uye China. Raiiswa mubhedha haasi kupfuura 0,11%. Panobva uye muromo erwizi Amur tatamuka nokuda 2850? Km. Dzimwe nguva, sezvo pokutangira kugamuchira mumwe zvinoumba nzizi - shilku, muchiitiko ichi mvura iyerere achava nokureba 4510? Km. Zvisinei, tsika idzi angasava yakarurama zvachose, nokuti kuyerwa kwacho iwayo kunzwisisa. Basin nzvimbo, kusanganisira rwizi Kerulen ndiye mamiriyoni 2 mativi mamita. ? km. Mumazana ose mvura iyerere inogona kuonekwa noruzhinji kusiyana. Somuenzaniso, mupata yayo yakakamurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: rezasi, pakati, repamusoro. Mumwe nemumwe zvikamu izvi ane zvimwe kukura uye kudzika kupa upamhi, uye hunhu kuerera. Kukwirira pamuromo Amur River (uyewo kukwirira gungwa) ndiyo 0 m, apo panobva - 304 M pamusoro pegungwa.

jogirafi

All dziva mvura iyerere iri muna East Asia. Rinotaura mana chete dzinongoitika zones: dondo, inowanzorimwa, inowanzorimwa, Semi-gwenga. Gore negore, anowira 300 mm mvura, zvakaenzana kuti anoenda kunobva uye muromo Amur River; munzvimbo iri Sikhote-Alin, zvikurukuru munzvimbo yayo kumaodzanyemba-nechokumabvazuva, nhamba iyi yakawedzera kusvika 750 mm.

The rwizi bheseni chinofukidza nyika dzinoverengeka - Russia (54%), China (44%), Mongolia (1%). Chikamu Amur River, riri muna Russian Federation, rakakamurwa kuFar East mudunhu uye kuSiberia.

hydrology

The Amur River, muromo riri muguta Nikolaevsk-on-Amur, iri muzvikamu zvitatu:

• Lower. Runosvika pamusoro 966? Km. Rine rokutengesa ukoshi. Zvayaiva pedyo muromo Ussuri River kuna Nikolaevsk-on-Amur. Kuerera velocity ari penguva iyi kusvika 4 km / h, unogona kubudirira kuita hove, kwete chete nokuda pachake zvinangwa asiwo okutengesa.
• Avhareji. Rinoburitsa chikamu Zei kuna Ussury. Nokuti anopfuura 970? Km. Coast munharaunda iri dzine chakafukidzwa nezvinomera. Sangano remvura norwizi paavhareji vanenge 5 km / h. Nhovo pakakoromoka ichi zvakakwana paupamhi uye rakadzika, izvo zvinoita kuti pave pokutumira mabhuku.
• Upper. Akatambanudza kusvikira pamuromo Zeya River uye anenge 880? Km. Famous ayo akasiyana-kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka. Kakawanda unogona kusangana vamiririri salmonids. Kuyerera Rate - 5 km / h.

Water kunwa nokuti gore riri 9819 mamita ³ / s, dzakawanda nhamba idzi dzinosanganisira kudyiwa muguta Komsomolsk, apo Amur River runoyerera. Muromo chete mari yakawanda - 11 400 mamita ³ / s.

Uye yakasiyana chepfungwa aqueous yorwizi anogona kutaurwa kuti mvura pamwero mariri ari dzichichinja yakafanira kunaya. Kazhinji, ivo vanoumba anopfuura 70% of chekubuda. Muzhizha kunoreva mvura pamwero mvura chichiburutswa kusvika 15 M pamusoro uye pakati mugove Amur, nechepazasi kukwirira rinosvika rekodhi kudzikira - 8 M mune dzimwe nzvimbo kuerera rinova chinhambwe 25 km .. Izvi kunyanya kukonzerwa yokuita ezvinhu okunze, zvikurukuru kuramba madzvotsvotsvo. Vagumirwe rwizi anogona kuchengeta inenge 2-3 mwedzi. Panguva iyi, pashure pokunge yavakwa dzakawanda hydro, mafashamo zvisinganyanyi raidudzwa, uye mvura pamwero iri kumativi 6 m.

ikoroji

Izvi aqueous rukova zvinokuvadza zviratidzi vari zvakare mukuru uye kunogona kuva nengozi zvose kunze nyika, uye kuti utano hwevanhu. Muna 2005, tsaona yakaitika panguva Chinese fekitari, nokuti zvakanga dumped chepfu munzvimbo Songhua River. Chiitiko ichi akanga inokanganisa pamusoro zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro nzizi, vari mutero ari mukuru. Maererano nomumwe wavo pamusoro Amur vakaunzwa peturu, nitrobenzene uye zvimwe zvinhu. Vane kwenguva refu nguva raiva rakakura aizonyatsovachenesa chiso chake chemvura. Phenol, nitrates nezvimwe microbiological nezvimedu - rine zvose Amur River. Estuary, ane mvura Vakasvibiswa zvakasimba zvakakwana, vatarisana kwezvinhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza njodzi. Kuti vachengete mvura pedyo Khabarovsk, mai yakavakwa. Izvi achachinja kwebasa rwizi, uye kutumira zvose makemikari kusvibiswa kuchamhembe pamahombekombe, riri mu Russia. Kwapera gore, mai iri zvishoma namambo mumwe chete dzakaparara, sezvo pari kudiwa nayo anyangarika.

3 makore tsaona panguva chirimwa muna 2008, vagari mumhenderekedzo yegungwa nzvimbo, kwakawanikwa mafuta itsvedze, uwandu iyo yakasvika avhareji 2 km. Zvisinei, sezvo masayendisiti vanoedza, yakatangira havana kugona kumisa.

Amur rwizi, riri akapfuma mumuromo rechibharo, ane nzizi dzakawanda:

• Zeya - chikuru rwizi bheseni.
• Bureya - vapfumi deposits esimbi uye marasha.
• Songhua, kana Songhua ane zvakakomba zvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza.
• Ussuri River chinokosha mvura.
• Anuy - a pachena chepfungwa rwizi kuti kwakaitika rip.
• Amgun akafuma kwazvo hove uye ane zvikuru maindasitiri kukosha.

Munguva ichangopfuura, paiva maonero ari mutero kubva Amur Zeya, uye kwete vakutarisire. Kuburikidza mifananidzo kubva muchadenga, tinogona kuona kuti zviri zvikuru renguva runoyerera uye vakwanise. Kubva Geological nemaonero, zviri kuenderera Amur River mumupata (achitarisa yakananga "South-North"). Zvisinei, kure kubva mumuromo itsime kuburikidza chinyakare nzira - kuburikidza Argun, Amur. Naizvozvo, noupamhi uye renguva inoyerera rwizi kuziva inflows zvinonyorwa Kazhinji.