Tertiary kwemauto: tsanangudzo, bhizimisi uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Tose tine refu vanoshamwaridzana Pfungwa dzakadai zvokurima, bhizimisi uye mabasa. Asi nei tiri kuvabata munyaya ino? Saka kutsarukana anotarisa-zvekutepfenyura matatu womuenzaniso. Rakanga mune 1935-1949, ukuwo. Tertiary kwemauto hwenyika chete anosanganisira chii isu kureva nokuda kwebasa zvekutepfenyura. Zvichienderana iro kwemauto ndiro iri zvibereko nemashoko, zvinokwanisika kuti kuziva nguva kukura vanhu.

To zuva, kuwedzera zvikuru, yechipiri uye tertiary sectors akataura Fischer, Clarke uye Fourastié, yokudzokorora uye quaternary - inogadzirwa ano pachikuva, vanonzi ruzivo upfumi.

mamiriro

Dzidziso sectors kana STRUCTURAL kuchinja, yakazokudziridzwa muna 1930-1940 raMwari Alan Fisher, Colin Clark uye Jean Fourastié. Masayendisiti akakamura upfumi mumaoko sectors zvitatu basa:

• Primary. Chinangwa charo chikuru ndiwo dzokubudisa pamusoro mbishi zvinhu inoshanda. Hunosanganisira kurima. Uyewo, chikuru nemauto - ndiwo mamwe marudzi indasitiri. Pakati pavo vane hove, migodhi uye miti.
• Secondary zvinosanganisira zvose maindasitiri kugadzirwa uye bhizimusi kuvakwa.
• Tertiary kwemauto hwenyika - payo kuti mabasa, dzidzo uye ushanyi.

Maererano dzidziso STRUCTURAL kuchinja Fischer-Clark pfungwa kusuduruka kunoitika pamwe kukura nzanga kubva chikuru nemauto kuti yechipiri uye ipapo kusvika tertiary. Masayendisiti anodavira kuti izvi imhaka changing hunhu nevatengi kudiwa. Kuwedzera mari chete capita kudiwa zvokurima zvigadzirwa ipfupi, nokuti maindasitiri zvigadzirwa - pakutanga kunowedzera uye obva otanga kuwa, asi mabasa - kuri kuramba zvakawanda. Hazvishamisi kuti rave nemauto ari tertiary ari mupfumi munyika.

Clark akasarudza zvinhanho zvitatu kwemashoko inoti. First - zvokurima. Panguva yake waivako iri kukura zvishoma nezvishoma. Second - Industrial. Rinobatanidzwa ne kukura nemauto yechipiri uye kubudirira kwavo kukura yepamusoro. Wechitatu chikuva inobva predominance rokushumira zvekutepfenyura. Hwakabatana nayo Fourastié vanorota hutsva kuyaruka dzidzo netsika, humanization nzanga uye urombo alleviation.

Izvo sectors vanobatanidzwa mune tertiary nemauto hwenyika?

Rinosanganisira avo mabasa umo vanhu kushandisa ruzivo rwavo kuti kuvandudza ubereke, kushanda zvakanaka, vanokwanisa uye basa isimbe. Matavi kuti vari chikamu tertiary nemauto hwenyika, regai kupa munhu akagadzirira chigadzirwa, uye dzinoita mabasa. Ivo vanobatanidzwa dzisiri zvinhu kugadzirwa. The nemamiriro tertiary nemauto hwenyika kare zvaisanganisira kubudiswa mashoko, asi ikozvino zvose mashoko akavhiyiwa vanoonekwa yoga. Izvi nokuda kwaita pfungwa nezivo upfumi. Zviri Danho idzva iri kukura kwezvinhu post-maindasitiri munzanga. Naizvozvo, pakuburitswa kwemashoko zvino kazhinji akataura quaternary zvekutepfenyura.

Zvisinei, vamwe nezvoupfumi havarangariri zvakakodzera omesa zvinhu uye kushandisa mureza muenzaniso Fischer-Clark. The tertiary kwemauto inosanganisira urongwa mabasa kwete chete kune makambani asiwo kupedza vanozvishandisa. Izvi zvinogona kuva chokufambisa kwenhumbi kubva mugadziri kusvika mutengi, uye chipembenene kana sangano zviitiko zvinovaraidza. In urongwa mabasa rinowanzoberekera nadzurudzo nhumbi, zvose muresitorendi mubhizimisi. Zvisinei, pfungwa ichiri pamusoro kukurukurirana nevanhu vavo yokuzvigadzirisa.

dzikatadza Pakusarudza

Dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuti kufunga kupi painoguma uye inotanga yechipiri tertiary kwemauto hwenyika. Dzimwe nguva yokupedzisira zvinosanganisirawo mapurisa, mauto, hurumende pachayo, sangano rinoyamura. Saka, muna mutemo dzakawanda dzave dzakabudirira chaiyo kupatsanura enyika. Vanobvumira here kuziva kana kwete chigadzirwa zvinhu. Mumwe maitiro akadaro ndiye International Standard Industrial kupatsanura, yakataurwa neUnited Nations.

Pfungwa mberi

Mumakore zana apfuura, kuti tertiary nemauto hwenyika rave vanova hune munyika dzakasimukira. Vava post-maindasitiri. The nesekondari sectors vakarasika pasi zvachose. Fourastié rinotaura zvinhanho zvitatu kugadzira nyika. In pre-maindasitiri munzanga, 70% vanhu vanoshanda mune chikuru nemauto, 20% - iri chesekondari, 10% - muna Tertiary. Ipapo Danho rechipiri. Fourastié akautumidza maindasitiri.

Panguva iyi, vashandi vanenge 40% vanhu vari yechipiri muna chikuru nemauto - 40%, vari tertiary - 20%. Rinobatanidzwa zvakadzama kushandisa michina inoshandiswa. Izvi zvinotungamirira ndechokuti kukosha tertiary nemauto hwenyika riri kukura. In post-maindasitiri munzanga uye anoshandisa 70% of zvoupfumi vanoshingaira vakawanda, apo ari chikuru - chete 10% muna yechipiri - 20%. Dzimwe nyanzvi dzemazuva ano vanoziva mumatanho maviri pakukura chokuita nokubudiswa quaternary uye quinary sectors.

Pari, kukura kwebasa mabasa munyika dzakabudirira, dzichiri zvikuru dynamically. Aidaro Vanowanzotinyorera kupfuura vashandi maindasitiri. Zvishoma nezvishoma kuchinja pfungwa kubva zvokurima uye mugodhi maindasitiri kuti maindasitiri, uye ipapo mabasa ndizvo kuti upfumi hwose. First iyi muitiro zvasungwa muUK. The zvazvingava panguva iyo nyika kuva postindustrial, nokufamba kwenguva chete kunowedzera. Nyika iri kuchinja kwemakore kudarika kare kuti zana.

Zvinetso tertiary chikamu

Makambani kuti vari kuita urongwa mabasa, vanowanzotambura nezvinetso izvo vasingazivi vaburitsi nhumbi. Ndeipi tertiary nemauto? Izvi anonyanya asiri zvinhu kugadzirwa. Uye vatengi hadzisi kuziva kuti vachawana, uye chii kwaizoda mari. Makambani akawanda kuti zvinopa kubvunza mabasa regai pave kunaka basa ravo, asi vanofanira kubhadhara nokuti. Zvose zvinoenderana unyanzvi uye ruzivo vanhu.

Remuneration yevashandi vanobatanidzwa iri urongwa mabasa, chinhu chinokosha chikamu kukosha kwayo. Pano, Mapoka ose tertiary nemauto angangotadza kuchengetedza mari. Manufacturers anogona kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvitsva kurerutsa, pamwero zvazviri, kusashandisa mari. Asi boka, iyo inopa mabasa, kumanikidzwa kurera mitengo kuitira kuvandudza unhu hwavo. Chimwe chinetso ndiye Kusiyanisa zvibereko. How kusarudza Consulting yemakambani? Pakutanga zvinoratidzika sokuti zvinopa fanana mabasa. Naizvozvo, nokuchengeta kumusoro inowanzoita chete chinonyanya anonyatsozivikanwa yemakambani kuti vari kucherechedzwa muchiso uye vanofanira kukudzwa.

mienzaniso

Zviri nyore kunzwisisa chii, kana tikafunga kuti zvimwe maindasitiri vari nhengo tertiary zvekutepfenyura. Pakati pavo:

• Entertainment.
• Hurumende.
• Telecommunications.
• Hotel uye resitorendi mabhizimisi
• Tourism.
• Media.
• Healthcare.
• Information rwokugadzira.
• Inoraswa.
• Consulting.
• Gambling.
• Retail uye Wholesale.
• Franchising.
• Real wakare mabasa.
• Education and said.

Financial mabasa zvinosanganisira rwezvemabhengi, inishuwarenzi uye inivhesitimendi zvakanaka. Professional - ndizvidavirire pamutemo uye rubatsiro mubhizimisi zvakanaka.

The pamazita nyika kubudikidza kukura mabasa

tinyatsonzwisisa ukuru tertiary nemauto, anotibvumira kuona padariro kukura vanhu. Funga pamazita kunyika iri mupiro basa zvekutepfenyura iri chakakomba mumhuri chigadzirwa. Pakutanga United States. Muna 2015, mari mabasa inopiwa vakasvika 14,083 matiririyoni emadhora. Saka, United States ndiyo imwe nyika pamwe zvikuru dzakabudirira tertiary zvekutepfenyura. Munzvimbo wechipiri European Union. Muna 2015, nyika dzarwo, pamwe chete zvakapa rubatsiro mu uwandu 13,483 matiririyoni emadhora. Yetatu ndiyo China. The mutengo wayo tertiary kwemauto muna 2015 yairema 5,202 matiririyoni emadhora. On rechina - Japan. mupiro Its mabasa GDP yairema 2015th 3,078 matiririyoni emadhora. At wechishanu - Brazil. Muna 2015 rakanga akapa mabasa aikosha 1,340 tiririyoni.

Munguva Russian Federation

Tertiary kwemauto yeRussian upfumi muna 2015 raiva rakakura nzvimbo namashanu munyika. mupiro yayo GDP yakasvika US $ 720 billion. It inoshandisa 58,1% of zvemari kushingaira kwevanhu. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nyika haisati yapashure maindasitiri.

Agriculture inoshandisa 9% yevanhu, indasitiri - 32.9%. Zvisinei, mashoko tertiary nemauto anokonzera kupfuura mugove chakakomba wechipfuwo chigadzirwa weRussia. Anenge 58,6% pamusoro GDP anogadzirwa mune izvozvo. Mupiro zvokurima kuna chakakomba epamba yemudzimu Russia ndiyo 3.9%, indasitiri - 37.5%.

ruzivo upfumi

ano The quaternary kwemauto mugove nezvoupfumi vanosarudza govera kwema chokuita pakusikwa, Paanotambira uye kubudiswa ruzivo. Somuenzaniso, Consulting, dzidzo, mari kuronga, Blogging, magadzirirwo.