Alternative simba manyuko muna Belarus. Huni simba pfuma Belarus

Chinetso kukura simba dhefisiti ari nhasi nenhanho dambudziko kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, uye, sezvamunoziva, nhoroondo yevanhu - ndiyo nyaya kurwira simba zvinhu. Ndizvo zvazvakaitawo munyika XXI remakore (somuenzaniso, hondo kuMiddle East kuti mafuta). Asi pane rakanaka nzira yokugadzirisa dambudziko nezvokunyanya chishoma hwesimba pfuma - nzira simba zvinyorwa. In Belarus, nyaya iyi kukamura uchishandisa chaizvo uye vakashanda nesimba vehurumende.

Renewable simba muna Belarus

Mazwi of United Nations (UN) inorondedzera rokuti "renewable simba" uye ayo Inopa. For renewable simba zvinyorwa anonzi zuva, mhepo makore, mvura, kudziyisa paNyika mukati, biomass, huni, peat.

Sezvo Belarus inopiwa yayo kwakajairika simba nokuda dzinenge 20%, Chokwadi, pane kudiwa zvinyorwa zvakadai, kuti zvimwe nekure kushaya mumhuri simba zvinhu.

Zvichakadai, nyaya renewable simba zvinyorwa (RES) haagarimo munyika pamwe simba nematambudziko. Somuenzaniso, nyika dzakadai Germany, Sweden, France (kunyika dzinopfuura makumi maviri), akasika International Solar Energy Society.

Nyanzvi dzinofungidzira kuti kubudikidza 2040 nyika simba kugadzirwa kubva non-kwakajairika renewable simba manyuko achava chikonzero 82 muzana simba rakawanda munyika. Global kuitika vakabatsira kuti non-chinyakare (nzira) manyuko simba muna Belarus uyewo kunge yakatanga.

Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kupfuura rakakodzera rezuva simba munyika, sezvo vanopfuura hafu yegore, pamwe ramakore ekunze ari kuchengetwa mariri, uye mazuva chete zana nemakumi mashanu (avhareji) - kwidibira. Most ezvokuvhenekesa kunyatsoshanda aona munguva kubva April kusvikira September.

Alternative manyuko simba - ichi ...

Under avo sezvikamu manyuko vasiri kurisvibisa, sezvinowanzoita nokushandiswa inozivikanwa uye nevakawanda nhasi simba: mafuta, marasha, renyukireya mafuta.

Chokutanga, zuva, mhepo. The zuva - chakavimbika kupfuura uye eco ushamwari tsime simba, nekuti nyeredzi yedu kuchine mamiriyoni akawanda emakore. simba rayo anogona kuunganidza mano inonzi kwezuva aenzana.

Wind ive simba rine unoshandiswa zvikuru nevakawanda, saka zviri nani chaizvo. Wind simba richiparadzirwa kunyanya munyika dziri dzenhoroondo dzisina simba pfuma uye kudana nokuda Mhoteredzo yakachena. Nyika idzi dzinosanganisira Belarus.

The zvinokosha basa reDare makuru matura matanda munyika, mari iri kakapetwa mana isingasviki aina Mahydrocarbon.

Belarus uye mafuta uye simba rayo kunzwisisa

Energy of Belarus (FEC) hakusi kurudyi kwazvo rawo simba zvinhu. Panyaya iyi, hurumende akaita simba kuchengetedza mutemo, sezviri kukura dzomuno simba uye nzira simba.

Energy regulator ndiye Bazi Energy of Belarus. (Created pakupera 2002) chiri mudiki utariri muviri munyika. Panguva ino, chirongwa chipfuro wehurumende zvainanga kuvandudza kunyatsoshanda munyika simba kwemauto vave vakagamuchirwa uye rakatangwa.

Sezvo Energy Gurukota Belarus Vladimir Potupchik akati muna 2014 muRepublic pagore kuponesa inopfuura $ 200 miriyoni nokuda rutapudzo peturu kudyiwa simba, nekurangarira inenge 70% mune simba mari.

Munguva pfupi, Bazi Energy of Belarus kuda vazoita chinokosha basa - kusikwa ane urongwa zvachose matsva kukura mafuta uye simba yakaoma, vakarongeka uye zvakatipoteredza zvinogamuchirika munyika yanhasi. urongwa aya akanyorwa "Matungamirire simba wokuti Zimbabwe Belarus nokuti nguva kusvikira 2020".

Kunyanya, gwaro envisages zvinotevera zviga nokushanda mafuta uye simba yakaoma:

• achisimbisa simba kuchengetedza;
• kwezvakatipoteredza ushamwari;
• achisimbisa kuongorora nzira simba manyuko uye Implementation zvawo zvabuda;
• Kugadzirwa simba duku;

simba RB

Mafuta uye simba nepfuma Belarus hakusi siyana chikuru; zvinosanganisira peat (mafuta), mafuta uye gasi (aishamwaridzana), matanda uye vamwe vakawana vanopfuura mapfumbamwe zviuru peat deposits muRepublic .. Pari richishandiswa chete kota nekusimba reserves peturu.

Chokwadi kuti mugove deposits ose peat shumba iri muzvinhu pasi zvokurima kana kudzivirira zvakatikomberedza, kushandisa kukuru deposits shamisa.

Deposits mafuta uye vakabatana gasi zvinowanikwa muna Pripyat muchidyiro. Fields dzakafukunurwa 1956. Extraction mari izvi kwave hanya "Belneftekhim". Zvisinei, maererano nenyanzvi, minda izvi zvichava zvakakwana chete 30-35 kwemakore. Zvisinei, tichifunga tarisiro mafuta uye gasi kugadzirwa mu Orsha uye Brest dzegirini, asi zviri zvakakwana kure.

Upfumi masango anobvumira Belarus kuitisa centralized huni uye tsvina nematanda. Asi mavhoriyamu mari idzi diki kuitira kuti simba nezvaidiwa zvokuvhoterwa anogoverwa asingasviki 15%. The zororo rinoumbwa nokuda kwenyika simba, iyo inoita kuti Belarusian upfumi huri pangozi chaizvo. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro anomanikidzwa kuita kwete simba-rinoponesa nzira, asiwo nesimba kutsvaka zvichibvira nzira simba zvinyorwa.

Alternative simba

Alternative simba akazviratidza ipapa pane pamusoro wake kumanikidzwa simbi kutaura kwose kwose. People, kusanganisira Belarusians, achishandisa zuva simba, mvura simba, mhepo kwavo simba-nyanyisa zvinodiwa makore anopfuura mazana maviri apfuura. Asi zvino, mabhuku aya haana kuonekwa chinhu chinokosha. Humanity vaigara vakakwana maererano zvakasikwa, pasina kukanganisa kwaro nomwero. Kushandiswa marasha akanga chaivo sezvinoita mhepo simba, mvura zvigayo, michina yokucheka mapuranga kuti kutema matanda, achipura zvirimwa uye kunyange pagadzirwe Textiles.

Belarus rakabatanidzwa raparurwa kugadzirwa "mahwindimiri" uye "vodyakov", izvo zvinogona kuva mira uye famba. Havana kuda chaiyo mvura, kuti haikuvadzi nechisikirwo. A "mhepo turbines" aigona kuiswa kwese, asi pakava nemhepo. Kwakadaro manyuko simba, kunyange vaiva "ekisipoti" pamusoro Belarus, izvo vatengi vaiva Russia neUkraine.

Modern Belarus dzimwe simba manyuko ane chete gumi nevaviri duku Hydroelectric simba dzemapurisa (GES). Belarusian masayendisiti nechokuita Soviet Union nguva mhepo simba chirimwa (mhepo turbines), saka chinhu yemakwikwi uye kwete zvakasikwa. Uchapupu kuti inogona "Vetromash" Zaslavl apo mhepo turbines vanoonekwa, kufanana wokumavirira kukura hafu yezana remakore adarika, zvave kare yechinyakare.

Zvichakadai, nzira simba pasi mitemo vamwe nehurumende: pamwe 19 August, 2015 by chirevo President wenyika Belarus waiti kota enyika pamwe kumwe simba zvinyorwa. Kurambidzwa chokuita zvachose Magetsi miti munharaunda Belarus. The dzemunharaunda anoshanda kune vose vanoda kuita nzira simba, kusanganisira Makambani dzavatorwa.

Belarusian simba mvura

Kushandura mamiriro ezvinhu ari mafuta uye simba kunzwisisa pakati Belarus (kwemitengo yezvinhu Tourism, kukanganisika kwezvakapoteredza, akamanikidza hurumende kuita zvimwe wazvipira kuderedza choutsi zvinokuvadza, uye vamwe.) Kwakaguma kudiwa adzokorore maonero ari indasitiri pakuderedza simba pakuenzanisa nyika. Imwe nzvimbo idzi yaiva hydropower. In Belarus, sezvamunoziva, ndimi of the dnipro river River, Western Dvina uye Neman. Inoyerera kuburikidza kubani, asi mune dzimwe nzvimbo yakapoteredzwa yakakwirira mabhanga uye vane nezvikumbaridzo. Zvose izvi pamwe kuvakwa Hydroelectric simba zvinomera, izvo panguva rinowanikwa nhasi kuperevedza mafuta, marasha, gasi kunopa inokosha mukana kuderedza nayo. Alternative simba yakatsviriridza iri simba zvekutepfenyura pamusoro Belarus.

On hwaro ichi, kuti Cabinet pamusoro Vashumiri Belarus mvumo mamiriro purogiramu yokuvaka Hydroelectric simba zvinomera. Maererano gwaro iri, zvakanzi akaronga kuvaka Hydroelectric simba chiteshi pamusoro Neman (pamusoro uye pazasi muguta Grodno), Western Dvina (Verkhnedvinsk, Beshenkovichi, Vitebsk uye Polotsk).

Dnepr ndiye slowest murwizi, yainzi nokuda kuvaka Hydroelectric simba miti rokupedzisira chijana. Pakazosvika 2020, chawakaronga kuvakwa zvina yakaderera-simba Hydroelectric simba pazviteshi, kusanganisira Orsha, Shklov, Mogilev uye Rechitsa.

raisafanira akanganwa

The Republic of Belarus kunoitika munyika dzinokwana nzizi duku kupfuura zviuru makumi maviri, kureba 90 zviuru. Km. Uye ichi rakakura hydropower zvinogona rinoshandiswa 3 chete%.

Izvi zvekuvaka akatanga kuti kushandiswa 50s. duku Hydroelectric simba nenhepfenyuro dzakavakwa munyika. Yokutanga yakanga yakavakwa muna 1954 Osipovichi Hydroelectric simba yemapurisa kurwizi Svisloch. Kukwanisa kwaro kwakanga MW chete 2.25. Nenzira, iye achiri kushanda nhasi.

Zvisinei, nokuti 60 gore fung pamusoro hydropower duku aenda rwenzira nokuda chidzoke wehurumende simba enyika. Rural nevatengi rave hwakatamisirwa itsva simba hurongwa, uye kudiwa diki hydropower zvinomera yakanyangarika woga.

Panyaya iyi, vakawanda kuvakwa duku hydropower Zvirimwa decommissioned, sezvo mari yakanga yakawandisa zvinhu. Somugumisiro, kubudikidza kuguma 80s muna Belarus mune nhanhatu chete Hydroelectric simba chiteshi, iyo anogadzirwa gore pfuurei mamiriyoni 18 KW.

Asi gare gare upenyu akatendeuka simba kubudikidza hydropower diki (SHP). Muchiitiko chino, izvi nzira simba manyuko muna Belarus akaratidza zvichibvira kuwana, kudzorera kare decommissioned, uyewo kuburikidza pakuvaka SHPP itsva. It hakurevi kuti mafashamo kuti munda.

Zvinogonekawo kuti kushandisa dzimwe mvura reservoirs, kwete simba, chinangwa, izvo zvinowanikwa nenzizi duku. Pano zvakakodzera kuvakwa HPPs diki inokwana 6000 KW, apo ayo kudzoka musi mari ndiyo mashanu nematanhatu.

Vamiririri "munyoro" kuzosimbisa kusavapo chero mutoro pamusoro chikamu HPPs duku zvakatipoteredza.

Zviremera Belarusian kwakarongwa 2020 kaviri zvachose anokwanisa Hydroelectric simba zvinomera. Nezvenyaya iyi, mumwe kufarira rokuvaka duku hydropower miti munyika vari kuratidza dzimwe vanoita, vanotora pamusoro 78,4% nokuda kuvaka diki simba mari.

Wind anopfuurira kushumira murume

Wind simba Belarus zvinobatsira kuti chigadzikiso zvinetso zvakawanda simba nerubatsiro zvinhu duku zvakasimba dzezvimwe. Naizvozvo mubvunzo wokushandiswa simba mhepo makore anoramba akakodzera kuti mafuta uye simba kunzwisisa Republic.

Mumakore achangopfuura, nyika kwakaratidzwa anenge 1840 nzvimbo kuisa mhepo turbine kana purazi mhepo zvivako. Izvi ainyanya zvikomo 80 metres, pamusoro iyo mhepo nokukurumidza rinosvika shanu kana kupfuura mamita por wechipiri.

To musi, hurongwa aya riri Minsk, Grodno, Mogilev uye Vitebsk kumatunhu. The simba kupfuura mhepo turbine (1.5 MW) Grabniki anoshanda vagari vomumusha (the Hrodna nharaunda). Novogrudok dunhu centre imwe nzvimbo kunopa magetsi hwindimiri, muridzi neHurumende (chete rwayo). To zviri akaronga kuisa imwe mhepo turbines mashanu.

The yose paka iri aronga kuvaka mhepo turbines muna Luzhische, Oshmiany weruwa musha. Construction rinoitwa tichiregeredza makambani uye acharamba kusvikira 2020.

Eco imba

Aya vanhu rinosanganisira mamiriro, simba wedzerai iro rinoitwa chete tichiregeredza nzira simba zvinyorwa.

Alternative simba kuti musha kunogona kuwanikwa kubva chekubuda chezuva, mhepo, somugumisiro micro hydro uye biomass kubereka biogas.

Zvisinei, The kushandisa rezuva simba rinyanye kuti pakasikwa kumba zvakatipoteredza noushamwari, zvimwe zvinoita kuti zvakakomba yakabvumira kugadziriswa kwemutemo wekuita kuti zvirongwa kuti muridzi pfuma. Chokutanga, tinorasikirwa: zuva vateresi, kugadzwa, utariri uye kugadzira kuchaita mari zhinji Nemutengo (rezuva bhatiri 3 KW kuti avhareji musha achaita mari zviuru 15 euros).

Asi vamwe kufarira ndidzo dzimba dzakavakwa nzira inonzi "rezuva mapurani". Chaizvoizvo Its iri ndechokuti imba anofanira kuva denga kunharaunda kumaodzanyemba iyo - vanenge 100 mamita ^2. Panyaya iyi, imba inofanira kuva Latitude iri guru Belarus. Izvi zvikuru yakakwana kunyange nzvimbo kudziyisa muchando.

Zvisinei, kushandiswa kwezuva simba kwakadaro asina kuwanikwa yakakwana nzeve mu Belarus. Panguva ino, pamusoro musimboti ichi, kuvaka imwe chete inovakwa - the German International Education Center. Zvichakadai, kuvaka zvivako akadaro aigona kuderedza kupisa manwiro 80 kWh / m ² pagore.

Kushandiswa mhepo turbines kunopa imba imwe mukana wokuva mamiriro eco ushamwari. Asi hatifaniri kukanganwa kuti muna Belarus avhareji mhepo nokukurumidza haasi anopfuura 5 m / s, uye nokuda zvakajairika nokushanda ano hurongwa zvinoda kukwira 10 m / s. Saka, maererano nenyanzvi, mhepo turbine ndakagadza munyika, achatsiviwa chete pashure pemakore makumi mana.

Zvisinei, izvi zvose zvinoshanda magetsi, asi renewable simba zuva zvingabudirira kushandiswa pamba ari muchimiro zuva mvura Heaters. The Hurongwa unoshanda chaizvo, hazvina kuvimba ekunze uye okunze. Rinogona kushandiswa kunyange zvishomanana kudziyisa mumba. Pamusoro kuti unopedza watts or asingasviki 45 uye kunodyira 3.8 zviuru. Maeuro (kusanganisira kugadzwa). kudzoka kwayo mari haisi makore anopfuura mana.

mhedziso

Zvinosuruvarisa zvingaitwa simba manyuko muna Belarus (uye kwete chete ikoko) nhasi uye mune foreseeable ramangwana havazokwanisi kutsiva zvakazara zvetsika simba zvinyorwa.

Solar simba haasi kukwanisa kuva akadaro tsime iri muindasitiri pamwero nokuda chikonzero nyore - rakadzika arambe achirema ari gwenya simba nekubudisa. Akapiwa chokwadi kuti Belarus ane chete chetatu gore riri jeka, Masvomhu inoratidza kuti inopfuura 30% munyika inofanira kupiwa gwenya simba chirimwa kusangana ayo magetsi kudiwa. Asi kunyange pasi ichi harufaniri kukanganwika kuti Masvomhu aya vakaitwa kufungisisa kunyatsoshanda nhepfenyuro iri 100%. Kutaura zvazviri, nhasi nhamba iyi kuruoko gumi kusvika gumi muzana.

Zvakaratidza kuti chaizvoizvo, pasi kwezuva simba chirimwa zvinoda munharaunda yose mundima Belarus nevavakidzani ayo inoti. Pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kuvakwa uye nokushanda geliostantsy inoda makuru mari.

Mamiriro ezvinhu akafanana aripo nokushandiswa mhepo simba, nzizi, geothermal matsime.