The musika upfumi uye vakaronga upfumi: dzinokosha unhu uye misiyano

The musika upfumi uye akaronga upfumi, sezvinoita mutemo, vanopikiswa. mhando idzi zvinoverengeka dzinokosha kusiyana. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

tsananguro

The musika upfumi uye vakaronga upfumi anonyanya vaishora zvematongerwo. The yokupedzisira, zvikurukuru, chokuita capitalism. Saka kazhinji kureva zvakawanda zvoupfumi mamiriro. Vakaronga murayiro upfumi chokuita gutsaruzhinji. Muchiitiko chino, yeukai chaiyo mamiriro hwenyika mumakore veSoviet. On rimwe mutsetse pamusika upfumi uye vakaronga upfumi vari Akasiyanisa ne nedanho basa kusangana. Chokutanga exchange, uye wechipiri - nzira kwesayenzi.

chipini

Dzimwe nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti kumusika upfumi uye vakaronga upfumi hazvigoni rakasungirirwa imwe chehurumende. nzvimbo iyi hunoruramisa zvinotevera nenharo. Nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti musika upfumi nhasi, kwete chete haana kuramba, asi kushingaira kushandisa kuronga. Zvikurukuru, chichiri kushandiswa Makambani makuru. Mukuwedzera, munhoroondo capitalism anozivikanwa, asi zviri zvachose chawakaronga zvoupfumi. ezvinhu akadaro, Somuenzaniso, kwakaitika muGermany panguva Second World War. The nyika unomushandira urongwa nesimba kugadzirwa kudzivirira zvinhu kwenguva yakati nguva pamwero wenyika. Uyezve, akajeka okuti kuti kukurukurirana pamusoro chokuita maindasitiri.

The chaizvo zviri basa kusangana

Professionalization uye Kusiyanisa zvinoshandiswa mumunda yokushanda kuti tiwedzere kugadzirwa. Vari ndanyarara hangu kuti Occupational kusangana. Iyewo, zvinoitwa nokuumba kana kugadzira cheni, kana kuburikidza kupanana ukoshi mumusika. Kusarudza wokutanga inogona kushandiswa chete kuurayiwa okuwana mabasa. Hatigoni kutaura kuti zvinhu sehwaro munhu vakaronga upfumi. Zvinonzi anokonzerwa ndechokuti iye pave uye kugadzirwa huru maererano kuongorora basa kwacho uye mamiriro kwenzanga. Izviwo, zvinoda kushandiswa pamusika parameters. Hazvigoni kunzi uye nzira kusangana kuburikidza exchange demarcates maviri anoona nemamiriro upfumi. It anopindura zvechokwadi chokutanga nzvimbo, asi panguva imwe chete nzira iri muzvigadzirwa cheni inoshandiswa pamusika upfumi. Somuenzaniso, izvi zvinoitika muna kugadzirwa conveyor.

Chinokosha musiyano

Nokuda zvoupfumi dzinoratidzwa kunaka dzinovaka. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pachava mismatch pakati dziine romugove uye kudiwa mamiriro vachaedza kuderedza. Izvi anonzi kuzvidzora. Chinhu differentiator pamusoro zvivako uye mabasa sezvo chaizvo nenzira kuderedza mismatch ichi. Hwaro vakaronga upfumi - a centralized, coercive uye akaudza murau. Voitakura kunze kuburikidza. The musika muenzaniso kwatangwa, zvionera murau. Zvinonzi zvakauya mitengo.

Zvinoitwa musika upfumi

Economic mamiriro chinosanganisira paruzhinji Hurumende masangano, mabhizimisi, voruzhinji. Vose masangano aya anosangana mumwe nomukombiyuta mberi uye harungashandurwi Links. In Nemuromo, izvozvo akabvumira zviviri yokunyanyisa inoti wegadziriro management. Wokutanga kunosanganisira mhedziso kushaya wehurumende utariri Enterprises. Yemakambani muchiitiko ichi, zvachose zvionera uye akazvimirira. Vakasununguka kuita mabasa avo, kuita chinjanai kushandiswa. Izvi vakawanda hunhu pamusika upfumi. Chero matambudziko pamusoro payo kungakonzera kuchinja. Kunyange zvakadaro, izvozvo achakwanisa kuchinja, sezvo ane imwe kumucheto rakatsiga. Zvinokosha kucherechedza kuti matambudziko overproduction zvichaita hazvo kumuperekedza. It runoonekwa theorists sezvo inogadzirwa capitalist ezvinhu, uye kwete kushanda kumusika. Mukati emakambani rinoshandiswa kunyanya muzvigadzirwa kwadzinoita basa kusangana pakati makambani maviri - Exchange.

Specificity kuti mutemo

Market womuenzaniso hakurevi hurumende masangano zvinomera. Iye anokwanisa kuzvidzora. It iri pakuti vagadziri vanoedza kuchinja kukosha zvigadzirwa chokuita zvakanyatsoenzana zvazvinoita kudiwa. kuchinja kwake nechinangwa kuchengetedza pakuenzanisa mutengo. Sezvo chiito kuzvidzora mashandiro, monopolists havagoni nokusingaperi kuwedzera mutengo kwenhumbi. padzinogumira achatungamirira nokuderera kudiwa.

zvakwakanakira

The upfumi musika ari nekupedza rinotarisa chete pamusoro kuzadzika zvikuru kunobatsira exchange. Nemamwe mashoko, muenzaniso haripinduri magariro uye mamwe mabasa. Nechepakati zimukadzimu dziripowo enderana kusvika iri kucherechedzwa, kwete zvose zvinhu uye migumisiro. Tungamirira advantageously chete profitability. Regulation mukati wemuTesitamende pfupi nokuchinja mitengo. Sezvo chinokosha muenzaniso ndiko kumhanya payo. Izvi imhaka yokuti mutengo murau haina kusashanda inertia kugadzirwa. Nyaya zvigadzirwa, kuteerera vade rwoga, anenge pakarepo kuburikidza mutengo uye neumwe slowdown kuburikidza guta upfumi ari kupfuura purofiti sectors.

Vakaronga murayiro upfumi

Ndiro yechipiri zvakanyanyisa mamiriro ezvoupfumi mamiriro. Mumwe zita rayo - the administrative murayiro. The murau rinoitwa nepakati ehurumende masangano. Panyaya iyi, mukati upfumi bhora inofambiswa pakati masangano ari nani simba. Enterprises kuwana mirayiridzo kubva pakati. It anogamuchirawo anonongedzera kubva kuruzhinji uye vaburitsi. Kutaura zvazviri, yaiona-murayiro wokuenzanisira anogona kushanda pasina Directorate kumabasa. Izvi zvinotsanangurwa nokuti sarudzo dzose dzinenge dzaitwa pakati uye vanobva vatanga pasi. womuenzaniso Izvi zvikuru nyatsoshanda. Zvisinei, mamiriro ezvinhu enyika vakaronga operative zvoupfumi zvinoda mamiriro akakwana uye nechepakati hofisi mudziyo, Kuwanikwa kutsanya uye yakavimbika gwara dzinovaka software.

mabasa

The vakaronga maitiro youpfumi iri projected. Saka, zvinoita rinoratidza mukana mukuronga uye zvinenge mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Zvisinei, haagoni kuderedzwa kunobva upfumi. Mabasa anogona kugadziriswa tichibatsirwa womuenzaniso ichi, uye kunzwisisa zvakatipoteredza, kudzivirira, magariro uye dzimwe nharaunda. Vari mubasa kukura kuMudzidzisi ehurumende masangano. Kana izvi zvaitwa negadziriro kuongorora mamiriro kwenzanga vanobviswa kufungawo anonongedzera kubva kuruzhinji, uye mutengo kungaitwa pane Michina kupima muzvirongwa. Chaiye oparesheni muenzaniso enzanirana kuti kudiwa uye kugoverwa rinoitwa kwete mutengo nokuda asi nokuchinja kugadzirwa. Zvisinei, nepamusika mashandiro inogona kushandiswa mune zvimwe zviitiko. Somuenzaniso, mutengo kugadziridzwa inoshandiswa kudzivirira chigadzirwa kwezvokudya.

zvenguva mamiriro

Saka kuti kuchinja kubva akaronga pamusika upfumi. ezvinhu akadaro kunoratidzwa ndechokuti basa nemamiriro aripo zviri zviviri yokutevedzera. Panguva iyoyo vari kuchinja mamiriro ukama pane shanduko mune zvoupfumi bhora, uye kwete munhu zvinoriumba. vatsvakurudzi Most Russian uye vatorwa ndivo anotevera zviratidzo zvenguva kutotanga:

1. Pokutanga variability kurwisa.
2. Kusimbisa pamusoro gogonera pakukura hwenyika, izvo kunooneka pacharo mu nematambudziko.
3. Kuwedzera randomness, mukana, discontinuity.
4. Kuvandudza multi-musiyano wezvinyorwa uye nzira zvoupfumi.
5. The kuwedzera nhamba yokurwisana, ichiwedzera kunetsana uye kupesana muvanhu nokuda mismatch kuti zvido.
6. The chidzoke uye kushanda chaiwo Transitional siyana.
7. Nhoroondo zvenguva mamiriro.
8. The specificity nokupokanidzana.

Pamberi ose ekare pakangotanga mugovanisi inoti akanga rimwe basa - kuenda kubva pakushandisa imwe aronga pamusika mhando. Zvinonzi yakasarudza nehurumende munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Zvichakadaro, mune dzose dziri kuchinja aiva mukuru nemiitiro.

The mazvake yechivako chacho

Kunosanganisira kutanga pasuru zviyero zvainanga okuchinja rutapudzo kana kubviswa mitemo uye inorambidza. Mazvake zvakare anopa kubviswa wehurumende kudzora zvose zvatinoita management. Vanotsvakurudza kudoma vanoverengeka kiyi nzvimbo bhizimisi. Kutanga mutengo mazvake. Kunosanganisira kubviswa neHurumende pamusoro nedanho paumbwe mari inoshandiswa. Panguva iyo pane yezwi Pricing maererano zviratidzi kuti wedzerai uye kudiwa. Uyezve vakatapwa kunze mazvake zvoupfumi upenyu kwacho. Akabvisa nehurumende chindingindingi pamusoro upfumi basa, akapa mikana bhizimisi. Kuchinja kutanga uye dzimwe zvokutengeserana. It vakabvisawo chindingindingi simba iri mamiriro ezveupfumi nezvavatorwa vadiwa, achivhura nzira misika pose kuti mumhuri vaburitsi.

Structural uye masangano Kushandurwa

Sechikamu kuchinja, paumbwe itsva muenzaniso zvoupfumi. Izvi anobvisa kana Kwakapomhodzwa bhizimisi uye muchinjikwa kusaenzana vasiyiwa yapfuura mamiriro. The Change rokutanga uridzi hurongwa. Masangano okuchinja dzinosanganisira pakusikwa mamiriro ezvinhu nokushanda kwenhengo hurumende itsva zvoupfumi. Izvi zvinoitwa kuchinja yepamutemo masangano uye kusikwa zvakakodzera kwezvivako, tsanangudzo mwero kuita murau pamusoro mamiriro.