Rogun kuvakwa

Rogun hydropower chirimwa Chirongwa Tajikistan akatanga kuti akaziva muna 1976, apo Soviet Ministry of Construction mvumo kuMudzidzisi magwaro. Nokuti kukura urongwa ndokuisa Tashkent "Hydroproject". Kubva pakutanga zvaiva pachena kuti pavakwe ichi Hydroelectric simba chiteshi achava zvakaoma. The chiteshi yakanga yakavakwa akaoma dzinongoitika ezvinhu ose Central Asia.

purojekiti matambudziko

Rogun HPP pangozi uye kutyisidzirwa zvinoverengeka. Chekutanga, ndiye mukuru seismicity yacho nharaunda. kudengenyeka kwenyika Minor kuitika pano kugara. Havasi nhamo HPP, asi kana chisingatarisirwi dambudziko iri simba zvakare (sezvazvakanga zvakaita shure muna 1911), ipapo pasi mungozi kuparadzwa mai kwaizova zvikuru chinokosha - ayo chipfuro.

Chechipiri, vavaki vaifanira nezvibhakera kuvaka tunnels mune kusagadzikana uye nokusazvibata matombo. Chechitatu, pane mhosva, ine pasi Vakhsh dombo munyu. The pakuonekwa mai kungaita kuti mvura seepage uye Kuparara idzodzo. Makontakta pamusoro Rogun HPP aifanira kufunga zvose izvi zvinhu. Asiye kuvakwa yemapurisa vatungamiriri veSoviet ndisingadi, nokuti aifanira kuridza inokosha zvoupfumi basa muupenyu Central Asia.

Soviet kuvakwa-yakareba

Kunyange zvazvo pakuvaka Rogun hydropower chirimwa zvinosanganisira kuoma zhinji, Makontakta akakwanisa kuwana zvinogadzirisa zvakabatsira kunyevenutsa dzemakwiringwindi kumicheto. Mvura vaiona zvakakodzera kushandisa yakakwirira kumanikidzwa kumativi dura dombo munyu, apo pakugadzirwa ichatambanudzirwa zvokudya zvine mhinduro. Chisarudzo ichi chaiva kupfuura zvakakodzera mumamiriro ezvinhu. Pamusana kwaari, aifanira kudzivirira pokufa munyu.

Kudengenyeka - njodzi yakaipisisa. Izvi hazvisi rwakaipa anoziva vose Tajikistan. Rogun dhamu yakanga yakagadzirirwa pachishandiswa kuti vachakwanisa kukurira chero nokudengenyeka. Kuti aite izvi, muviri mai akaita friable uye zvakaoma muronga. Nokuti moyo akashandisa loam uye mavhu. Izvi zvakaitwa kuitira kuti nyoro dombo akazadzwa voids uye makatsemuka anokonzerwa nokudengenyeka.

Start basa

vavaki Wokutanga akasvika kuwa 1976 Rogun. Platform for mabasa avo dzakavakwa panzvimbo kukwira anodarika zviuru 1 mamita. Nzvimbo yakasarudzwa nokuti Rogun Hydroelectric simba chiteshi, panguva iyoyo chaiva matsi. Kure pakati panzvimbo yaivakwa uye pedyo kuchiteshi aiva 80. The midziyo inodiwa kuti kwezvivako zvitsva kubva munyika. Hydraulic turbine uye transformers vakanga kugadzirwa Ukraine, apo ari kure Sverdlovsk akaita hydro. Nokuti Kuronga Rogun hydropower chirimwa kuvaka kusangana emakambani anopfuura 300 Soviet.

City Rogun, izvo akagadzirisa chiteshi vavaki, yakavakwa kubva muvare. Multi-storey dzimba, mumwe kukireshi, chikoro - zvose kuti haapo vasati vava kushandisa chinzvimbo simba chirongwa. Muchidziisa Kuvaka dzemagetsi boilers.

Vavaki akatanga kuvaka hydro simba zvinomera pamwe kupinda pakati tunnels mu unzenza isina pamatombo, kwaiva yakawanda dzvinyiriro. Akango- nokuveza uye roughing, tunnels aya kwazvo concreting. Total akaronga kugara 63 makiromita. Vavaki akafamba akananga mumwe kubva mativi. Achitema vakatapwa kunze uye pakati. Nokuti ichi chinangwa mamwe miseve.

Tunnels uye dhamu

Kwemakore gumi, riri kuchangotanga Rogun, mapikicha kubva kuvakwa iyo yakatanga kunaya pachaunga Soviet, kuchinja kubva panguva ino zvose inoitwa kupinda tunnels. Kuti rikurumidze basa uye mari, kwakasarudzwa haana kushandisa chaiwo kunorasirwa marara marori uye mabhandi makuru. Maererano nezvokurara, saka Treasury akakwanisa kuponesa vanenge mamiriyoni 75-85 rubles.

Kuvakwa mai rakatanga muna 1987. December 27 akarwiswa parwizi Vakhsh. Muna 1993, bhiriji kukwirira riri pamusoro 40 metres, uye mugero pakureba yakasvika 21 km. Transformer uye muchina dzimba vakanga vatogadzirira. Zvisinei, basa haana kushandisa kupedzisa. Nokuda pokuwa USSR, kuti chidzoke matambudziko zvoupfumi uye nezvimwewo, kuvaka nzvimbo yakanga mothballed.

tsaona 1993

Muna 1993, kuti Rogun akapona chakakura motokari tsaona. Makore mashomanana pashure pokunge bindepinde murwizi Vakhsh chakaitika scour kuvaka zambuko. Chikonzero kuti ichava nzizi simba. Somugumisiro, mvura achitora konekwa tunnels uye turbine horo kwakavakirwa yakanyura mumafashamo.

Chokwadi, chero hydropower zvirimwa vanofanira kutsungirira kushushikana, kunyange kana vari anokonzerwa kumboitika mafashamo. Panguva zvekufamba zvakava pachena kuti njodzi vaisapemberera zvakaitika kana kwete nokuda kwesangano blunders utariri, basa rokuvaka. Today Rogun ane mamwe varidzi (August 2016 wake mumwe mwedzi vanoshingaira regadziriro basa vakava), asi yakanga "Tadzhikglavenergo" muna 1987, chakarongwa mutengi. Pakati mamiriro ichi uye Directorate kuvakwa kusawirirana. Somugumisiro yayo Ministry of Energy of USSR wakakomberedzwa kushanda vanhu, kunyanya basa musangano deadlines. Kuvhiringidzika uye nokuvhiringidzika kwakatungamirira ndechokuti bindepinde erwizi yakanga yakanyanya mangwanani. Varongi ane mhanya nekutya kurashikirwa deadlines, asi nguva kwakaratidza kuti nhokwe kwaiva kukanganisa.

zvakafanana chiitiko

Rogun kazhinji yakafananidzwa vamwe hydropower zvirimwa Tajikistan - Nurek. Izvi Hydroelectric simba chirimwa kwakatangwa muna 1979. Panguva mashandiro pamusoro payo, pakanga tsaona vaduku vanoverengeka.

Kuenzanisa zvikuru kurwadza Rogun HPP Sayano-Shushenskaya. Kwakaitika okupedzisira tsaona wakange raidudzwa channel hunhu. Zvino akauraya vanhu 75. Vavaki uye Contractors Roghun Hydroelectric nechokwadi kuti akatora kufungawo zvakaitika Ngwavaira izvi, uye nomuTapanhesi havachaoni atarisana yedambudziko, sezvakaitika muna 1993.

The ano Danho

Nokuda akaoma mamiriro ezvinhu Tajikistan Rogun kwemakore gumi ndiri munhu nechando ezvinhu. Muna 2004 chete, nyika zviremera vakagumisa wokuRussia "Rusal" yakabvuma mberi basa iri pakuvaka chechitima. Tichiregeredza wechaunga wakati pavaiita abudise kuti nemafashamo makamuri. Zvisinei, kumwezve pamwe pakati mapato anenge vakasangana nematambudziko akakura. The boka uye hurumende vasingagoni kubvumirana pane hwokugadzira divi racho, kusanganisira kukwirira mai wayo magadzirirwo mhando. Muna 2007, chibvumirano ne "Rusal" rave wakagumiswa.

Pashure paizvozvo, vakuru Tajik zviremera vakasarudza kupedza kuvaka Hydroelectric simba, tsvaka rubatsiro kubva World Bank. Muna 2010, chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa pamusoro dzakawanda unyanzvi racho. Muvaki Its akava kambani Swiss. Open Joint Stock Company rakavambwa "Rogun HPP". Nhasi, zviri kuramba kuvakwa Hydroelectric simba zvinomera.

Kusagutsikana Uzbekistan

Opera Roghun vane chinzvimbo chiri 3600 MW ndiye Hydroelectric chokuita mhando mai. Chivako ane nhanhatu hydropower muzvikamu iiswe. Pashure pokupedza mai anoumba gungwa itsva. Kukwirira HPP - 335 meters (kana basa iri achiri kuti akaziva, Hydroelectric simba chirimwa richava zvepamusoro munyika). Maererano nenyanzvi, pakuvaka mutengo inopfuura $ 2 bhiriyoni.

The mamiriro of Rogun hydropower chirimwa nhasi kwaswedera kushoropodzwa nemapoka akawanda. Huru anoti vari kuderedzwa kuti kusarudza nzvimbo mai, kureva, avo njodzi zvaizivikanwa munguva Soviet. Zvisinei, sarudzo anotyisa chokwadi kuti mumadhaka uye Madhaka, zvizivikanwe nemichina basa nezvimwe zviwanikwa zvinhu haakuvadzi Hydroelectric simba.

Most kutsoropodzwa anzwa nezviremera pakati Uzbekistan (the Vakhsh River ari mutero kubva Amu DARYA, inoyerera kuburikidza munharaunda Uzbekistan). Izvi zvinoreva kuti kutyorwa mumwe kuyerera kungaita zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza mamiriro ezvinhu munyika pedyo nyika. kakawanda Hurumende Uzbek akaratidza kushora zvayo International Commission anozivisa kuti iye achiri zvinogoneka kupedzisa.

kwezvakatipoteredza chinhu

Possible kutyorwa kuvhiyiwa kana kuvaka Rogun Hydroelectric simba chirimwa chinogona kukonzera zvezvakatipoteredza nemagariro njodzi. In Uzbekistan, apo runoyerera kubva Amudarya, zvinhu zviri kuwedzerwa iri kupwa yeGungwa Aral, kunokonzerwa nokushandisa zvisina kufanira zviwanikwa zviri yaitonga Soviet Union.

Kuvaka madhamu nguva dzose kunobatsira kuti rikurumidze kukurwa kwevhu. matambudziko More achasika mafashamo nyika, riri pamusoro munharaunda richaitirwa Dam. Changing unyatsoshanda rwizi kuchachinja kwete chete mukati, asi pamusoro tembiricha. Reservoir silting, iyo inosvitsa chitarisiko Organic uye chicherwa emadhaka. Ivo rokuvandudza ivhu, zvisinei, kanganisa wembereko panzvimbo dzapasi kunosvika yorwizi (ndiko kuti, muna Uzbekistan).

Atomu uye rakapiwa

Kusawirirana chamutsa vaitaura kuti nzira yokugadzirisa simba uye zvinetso zvemhoteredzo munzvimbo. Saka, Uzbekistan akatoedza kuunza Russia uye European Union kuitawo chirongwa chitsva pamusoro kuvakwa simba renyukireya zvinomera, izvo zvinogona kufukidza zvinodiwa Central kunyika dzokuAsia dzakawanda (kunyange kusanganisira Pakistan, Afghanistan uye India). Saka kure, urongwa ichi akauya pasina kutungamirira.

It anoenda pasina vachiti zvakadaro pose nyaya zvisarudzo vakuru. Zvisinei, unyanzvi chaihwo, kunyanya dzezvakatipoteredza vanodavira kuti mukakavadzane kupote yemapurisa chakanyanya politicized. Dambudziko riri pakuti mumwe nyika ndeyangu ayo kurwizi akaita pfuma, apo zvose mvura zvinhu zviri Central Asia kunoenderana mukati rwizi chete hurongwa, zvichiita kuti Sea Aral. Ndicho chikonzero dzezvakatipoteredza zvamaronga kuti vatange simba rakapiwa, izvo, kuwedzera Tajikistan uye Uzbekistan, zvinofanira kusanganisira Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan uye Afghanistan. Zvisinei, kusvikira zvino hapana matanho chaiwo akatorwa mu mirayiridzo iyi.

Sarez uye Rogun

Vamwe vavengi pakuvaka Rogun simba yemapurisa kupa zvakananga zvinhu mumwe chirongwa chekuita Lake Sarez. It akasimuka muna 1911 mushure ngwavaira kwenyika uye kuondomoka pamusoro pamatombo, zvichiguma dzinongoitika dhamu inoumbwa nokuvhara mugero Bartang. Gungwa iri chokuita Amu DARYA bheseni. Kana kuti zvimwe chikonzero (semuenzaniso, nokuda akadzokorora kudengenyeka) dzinongoitika mai dhirika, wakakura chinozunguzirwa kunosvika kumusoro kuGungwa Aral, zvichiita irreparable kukuvadza kumaguta mazhinji munyika nhatu (Tajikistan, Turkmenistan uye Uzbekistan).

dzezvakatipoteredza zhinji zvamaronga kuti kushandisa zviwanikwa zvenyika Sarez Lake nokuti simba zvinangwa, uye nokudaro akaponesa zvokuvhoterwa kubva dhefisiti, uye kuti agumise kunetsana vavakidzani vayo. Rogun HPP (2016 yaiva gore wake), Sarez - izvi zvinhu zvose kuramba kukonzera gakava uye vaitirane nharo. Supporters Sarez chirongwa vanonyatsoziva kuti kwemakore zana, hapana yakabuda chinhu zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza nepakati, izvo zvinoreva kuti mvura yaro inogona kushandiswa pasina kukuvadza mhoteredzo. Kana ari Rogun "kushushikana" mhoteredzo harisati aedzwe, kunyange kana kanda zvichaitika maererano nemirau.

Kukosha hydropower miti

Kwemakore akawanda, Tajikistan ane matambudziko chakakomba yeHydrocarbon simba. Kunyanya, dambudziko chokuita vakawanda zvinopesana Uzbekistan uye "gasi hondo" vavakidzani.

Ndokusaka Rogun Hydroelectric simba chirimwa kuchikosha nokuda nyika, kusangana kugara simba dhefisiti. Similar Zvikonzero kudzivirira basa pacharo Tajikistan. Rogun (2016 - '40 ratova kuvaka nokungozorora) anoramba yakamisirwa pfungwa nyika murombo, akadurura mariri pfuma yavo yose.