Sylvester Shchedrin, Russian artist: biography, creativity

Sylvester Shchedrin akamira pamitambo yeRussian romantic landscape. Pasinei nekuti upenyu hwake hwaive hupfupi, akasiya mabasa akawanda anoshamisa. Mukurumbira wakakurumbira wemunyori "New Rome. Chitubu cheMutumwa Mutsvene. " Kutenda kwaShchedrin mabasa, nzvimbo yeRussia inosvika kune imwe nhanho uye inotanga kuverengwa semunhu akazvimirira.

Vechiduku muRussia

Zuva rakaita chisvikiro mumhuri yekare yakaisvonaka yakaberekerwa Sylvester Shchedrin. Nhoroondo yemuiti wacho inowanzobatanidzwa neItaly, pano iye akasika zvinyorwa zvake zvakanakisisa. MuRussia kwaiva nevechidiki chete mucheriri. Pasinei nemakore akashandiswa kune imwe nyika, muimbi wacho aigara achifunga somurume weRussia uye aifarira zvikuru mugumo wenyika yekwavo. Akaberekwa munaFebruary 1791 mumhuri yemutariri weChikamiro Chakanaka, Feodosiy Fedorovich Shchedrin. Sekuru, Semyon Fedorovich, akanga ari purofesa paChikami uye akanga achitungamirira chikoro chake. Hazvina maturo kutaura, kuti nemhuri dzakadaro, chiitiko chemukomana chakanga chagadzirirwa.

Pazera remakore 9 Shchedrin akava mudzidzi we Academy. Apo yakanga yava nguva yekusarudza chizivo, aizopinda kirasi yababamunini vake, kunyanya kugadzirisa mafungiro. Asi Semyon Fedorovich anongotadza kufa, uye jaya rinosarudza kuva vadzidzisi vePurofesa Mikhail Ivanov.

1808 akaunza mudzidzi wekutanga, masirivha esirivha ekukwevera kubva pane zvakasikwa. Gore rakatevera, akapiwa goridhe duku kuti abudirire mukupenda. Uye muna 1812 Shchedrin akapedza chikoro kubva kuChikami nechikomborero chemari yakawanda yegoridhe pamusana "Ona kubva kuPetrovsky Island". Uyu mupiro wakapiwa akadzidza kodzero yekuenda kuItaly kuti azive hupfumi hwakanaka uye unyanzvi hwemifananidzo yekare, iyo inonzi "kurega". Asi nemhaka yehondo neNapoleon, rwendo rwacho rwakanga ruchidzoka. Chero muna 1818 munyori akazogona kuenda kuItaly. Haazozodzokera kuRussia zvakare.

Italy

Mumakore 27 Shchedrin anoenda kuRoma. Pakutanga akagara nemunyori wenhetembo Konstantin Batyushkov. Pashure pokutonhora kwakanyanya Petersburg ane mvura isingagumi, chimiro chemaItaly chakanga chisiri chemazuva chakanga chakaita kune muenzi wepasi peparadhiso. Anoshanda chete kubva mune zvakasikwa, izvo panguva iyoyo yaiva yekuchinja. Muenzi wacho haasi kungonyora, anofarira maonero anoyevedza emipata yakaoma uye gungwa rinonyorera. Anonyatsokwanisa kutumira zvinokonzera chiedza, mhepo uye mweya. Muimbi chaiwo weItaly chimiro iSyvester Shchedrin. Muenzi wacho anoda kutenga mapepa kwete Russian chete, asiwo anonyanya kugadzirisa vatori vemunharaunda.

Pashure peRoma Shchedrin akaenda kuNaples. Zvisinei, mhirizhonga yezvematongerwo enyika yakanga ichichera ipapo uye yakanga isina kuchengeteka kuti igare. Muvepi uyu zvakare akagara muRoma. Muna 1823 akasika mufananidzo wake mukurumbira - "New Rome. Chitubu cheMutumwa Mutsvene. " Mugore rimwe chete izwi reChikemy of Arts rakapera, yakange yava nguva yekudzokera kumba. Asi Shchedrin mabasa akabudirira kwazvo muItaly zvokuti akasarudza kugara pano. Zvakare mutambi wacho anotamira kuNaples. Mutaundi, anoshandisa vanotora, uye mumamiriro okunze ekudziya anoenda kumataundi maduku egungwa, achiita zvikwangwani zvakazara.

Hazvizivikanwe kana Shchedrin akaronga kudzokera kuRussia. Iyo inogona kuonekwa kubva pamakambani ekupedzisira kweAlandland uye yeRussia unyanzvi hwakanyanya kumunetsa, kunyange zvazvo asina kukurumidza kubva kuItaly. Chero zvakadaro, yakanga isingafanirwi kudzokera kwaari. Muenzi wacho akabatwa nechirwere chakakomba, chisina kubatsirwe kana kurapwa kunodhura panzvimbo dzekuchengetedza, kana ne charlatan zvinodhaka. Sylvester Feodosievich Shchedrin akafa pazera remakore makumi matatu nemana, munaNovember 1830.

Creativity

Kubudirira kwemamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, uye rudo rukuru kunyanya, runobatanidzwa muRussia nemazita eShchedrin neAivazovsky. Pamberi pevatenzi ava, chimiro chezvisikwa chaifungidzirwa sekanaka salon genre uye chakanga chisina kuwanda. Kunyanya kwakapiwa mafoto uye zvinyorwa zvekare. Zvisikwa zvakaratidzwa zvikuru semamiriro ezvinhu ekuisa mhando kana hondo dzehondo. Rudo rwenharaunda rwakatangira nemanzwiro, sekutonga, kuratidzira vafundisi vane rugare kana marudzi asina hanya enyika. Rudo rwemhando rwevanhu rwakarongedza hupenyu, zvino rwunova mutambi mumufananidzo, rinotsanangura pfungwa dzomunyori. Nyaya inofadza yerudo rwevanyori - gungwa nemakomo. Shchedrin yakatanga mukati mekugadzirwa kweklassicism, asi nekukurumidza yakabva pairi. Miti yayo yakajeka yezuva nemipata uye maonero egungwa mumwedzi wegore zvinoreva rudo rwemhando.

Zvakawanda zvebasa remuenzi wacho hazvina kumbosvika kuRussia, ichipararira kuburikidza nezvikamu zvisiri zveItaly zvinyorwa. Inozivikanwa uye inofungidzirwa kwete yese nhaka yemufananidzo. MuPercesburg Russian Museum iwe unogona kuona "View of Amalfi pedyo neNaples", "View of the Colosseum muRoma", "Waterfall muTivoli pedyo neRoma". MuTytyakov Gallery kune "Moonlit Night muNaples", "Grotto yeMatromanio", "Big Harbor paChipuwa cheCapri", "Small Harbor muSerrento". Mamwe emabasa aya anochengetwa mumasimusi emunharaunda, somuenzaniso "Onai Naples kubva mumugwagwa Pozelippo" kana kuti "Grotto inotarisana neVesuvius."

The Castle of Saint Angela

"Nhare yeMutumwa Mutsvene" (1823-1825) - inonzi Famous Shchedrin. Kunyatsotaura, yakanga isiri mufananidzo, asi yakakwana yezvikamu zvisere pasi pezita rimwe chete. Basa rokutanga raiva kubudirira kwakakosha zvokuti, maererano nezvikumbiro zvakawanda, Schedrin yakaita minyengetero yakawanda, ichienzanisa kujekesa uye nguva yezuva. Imwe yemabasa iri muTrtyakov Gallery.

Pachando, mufananidzo wacho akanyora muromo weTiber River pedyo neimba yaaigara. Nhoroondo yacho inopiwa ku "Roma" yekare. Pano iwe unogona kuona nhare uye kedhedral, yakarasika mumhepo inotyisa. Munzvimbo yepamberi kune dzimba dzekare dzekugara, dzimba uye mabhazi ekurove. Kunyanya kuvimbika kunopa basa racho rakanyatsobatanidzwa nhamba dzevashambadzi varombo. Mufananidzo wacho unorarama uye unofema. Shchedrin anosimbisa zvakasiyana-siyana: pane chituko kune maRoma anoyevedza akapfuura uye haasi iye anonyanya kuitika.

"Veranda, yakasungwa nemazambiringa"

Chikonzero chemahombekiti egorosi uye masango ndeimwe yezvakada nguva panguva yakakura yeShekrin. Iye pachake akautumidza kuti "Pergolata". Pergola muchiItaly - veranda kana pasi pasi pedenga, rakafukidzwa ne curling greens. Mune mifananidzo iyi, muongorori akaedzwa nekutendeswa kwechiedza uye nzvimbo yemhepo, achitsvaga kuchena kwechiganda. Mufananidzo unonyanya kuzivikanwa panyaya iyi ndi "Veranda, yakafukidzwa namazambiringa" (1828). Hot Italian Italy. Boka revanhu rakamira kuti rizorore muchitonho chemasvingo. Hatizivi kana mhuri yacho isingabatsiri shamwari. Zviri pachena kuti vakaneta nekupisa kunopisa. Vanhu pano havasi kungowedzera chete, nhamba yose inoratidza uye kwete nguva. Ivo vari kubatana nemasikirwo uye vanovatsigira, pasina ivo mufananidzo unotarisa usina kupera. Mumvuri unobereka unoshandiswa nemaruva egoridhe, shure kwayo gungwa rinotenderera bhuruu. Kutarisa pamufananidzo, muoni wacho anowira muzhizha iri rinotyisa reItaly.

"Naples pamwedzi usiku"

Mumazuva ekupedzisira ehupenyu hwake, Sylvester Shchedrin akatakurwa nemakungwa ane chiedza chinoshamisa. Akanyora zviitiko zvakasiyana-siyana usiku zvinoratidzira gungwa, rakazara nekutyisa kwemwedzi. Imwe yadzo iri muSt. Petersburg, iyo "Naples paMwedzi weChiedza" (1829). Mufananidzo wacho unogona kugoverwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu. Kuruboshwe gungwa rima rine silhouettes dzezvikepe. Kuruboshwe kune zvivakwa zveguta uye chikepe chinoputika, apo vabati vehove vari kupisa moto. Mufananidzo wacho wakashongedzwa neguruva rorudo, rakafukidzwa nemakore, uko pane musiyano pakati pemakore usiku hunobuda. Pamusoro pechando ichi muongorori anogadzirisa basa rakaoma: kubatanidza mune rimwe rondedzero kutonhora kwemwedzi uye moto unopisa wemoto unopisa. Vanotsvakurudza Shchedrin nekugadzirisa vanoratidza kuti basa rake rekupedzisira rakanyanya kuderera kune yakasvibira masango munzvimbo dzakabatana nekuvimbika.