Structure Mazino dzevanhu: Zano uye tsananguro

Nyaya ino inotaura marongerwo uye kushanda kwemeno - inokosha nhengo dzemuviri. The meno girazi kuratidzwa hutano hwehama, avo kusingagutsi mamiriro anogona vachatongwa dzakasiyana-siyana dzichipfekeka zvirwere. Uyewo nhasi, kunyemwerera wakanaka - ari abudirire ako basa uye muna ukama. Article mamiriro achipfeka nhau dzakasiyana-siyana nenyaya, kusanganisira mamiriro kwemeno hwevanhu; munzvimbo dzavo dentition; Kusiyana Deciduous mazino kubva zvachose; kudiwa zvakakodzera kuchengeta mazino uye zvichingodaro.

zino basa

Meno - pfupa inotungamirwa iri nemumuromo mhango kuti vane chaiyo yakarongeka, chimiro, inozivikanwa nokuvapo warwo huta uye kweropa gadziriro, kuti node midziyo akarongwa akarayira dentition uye nokudaro mabasa akasiyana-siyana. Mazino zviri kuitika mu kufema, uyewo paumbwe uye ezita ruzha, matauriro inotungamirwa. Mukuwedzera, yavanobata zvemaziso chepuraimari chikafu kubudiswa, kuti zvinobatanidzwa imwe huru mashandiro yokurarama muviri - .. Nutrition.

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kwete zvakakwana rikamunya muchindwi zvokudya havaratidzi Kuzeyewa uye zvingakonzera atadze kushanda zvakanaka pamusoro nemudumbu. Mukuwedzera, kusavapo mamwe mazino ari dzaiita zvokutaurwa mhango rinokanganisa diction, t. E. Kujeka emashoko mazwi. Zvengarava uye aesthetic mufananidzo - akavhiringika pameso hazvishandi. Poor mazino utano uye kunogona zvakaipa mweya uyewo kugadzirwa kwepurogiramu siyana dzinogamuchidzanwa zvirwere uye chisingaperi zvirwere yose muviri.

The mamiriro mazino dzevanhu. Dunhu urongwa eshaya

Ndozvakajairwa kuvapo mazino kwevanhu mune uwandu 28-32 dzakabatana. By makore 25 kunowanzoitwa zvizere paumbwe dentition. Mazino dziri zvose shaya, apo kusiyanisa okumusoro dentitions. Nemamiriro evanhu shaya, mazino (avo chaiwo kupatsanura) vane zvinotevera chimiro. Mumwe nomumwe mechidziro unotora 14-16 mazino. Mitsetse zvakafanana, ichibata vavo conventionally akakamurwa kwemauto kurudyi. Mazino kureva kutevedzana nhamba - maviri-digit nhamba. digit First - kwemauto rokumusoro kana yakaderera rushaya, kubva 1 kusvika 4.

Panguva clamping shaya Anterior mazino pindana rezasi 1/3 of zino korona, uye ukama pakati dentition inonzi occlusion. Panguva isiri interdigitation vakachengeta occlusion curvature, iyo inotungamirira nokuvhiringidzirwa masticatory nerevane uye aesthetic urema.

Vanonzi uchenjeri mazino angasava kuwanikwa uye, pfungwa, haamo mune nemumuromo mhango. Nhasi, pane maonero kuti izvi zvinoitika mamiriro ezvinhu uye kuvapo meno izvi kare zvokusarudza. Kunyange zvazvo shanduro iyi iri rakakura uwandu makakatanwa.

Mazino havagoni kusimuka. changed yavo kunoitika kamwe munguva upenyu hwomunhu: wokutanga, mazino mwana mukaka achivonekwa, yochinja chenguva makore 6-8 makore. Kazhinji makore 11 pane yokutsiva wakakwana mazino mukaka yakatarwa.

The nemamiriro zino. anatomi

The anatomical maumbirwo zino yevanhu zvinoratidza kuti conditionally muzvikamu zvitatu: korona, mutsipa uye mudzi.

Ikorona zino - unomutswa pamusoro chingamu chikamu. Korona yakafukidzwa enamel - jira nemishonga kudzivirira zino kubva kukuvadza anokonzerwa utachiona uye acids.

Kune mhando inoverengeka hukawanika ose mazino korona :

• Occlusion - pemvura panzvimbo ine peya nokuvhara zino riri pakatarisana shaya.
• Face (vestibular) - zino pasi kurutivi pamatama kana miromo.
• Lingual (lingual) - .. The yomukati zino pamusoro rakatarisana nechomukati pamuromo, kureva pose riri neVadzidzi ezita mutauro kurira.
• Contact (approximal) - zino korona pamusoro, rakatarira pameno iri munharaunda.

Mutsipa - chikamu zino, riri pakati korona uye mudzi, unobva pavo, akafukidza kumicheto pakati matadza uye zvinenge zvakazara simende. Mutsipa ane tapered chimiro.

Mudzi - chikamu zino, pamwe pacho ndee mune mazino zvakanaka. Zvichienderana mhando kupatsanura pakati zino mudzi angava kubva mumwe pezvakaitwa wandei. More rinokurukurwa mberi pazasi.

histological mamiriro

Histology nechimwe zino riri zvakangofanana, asi mumwe nomumwe wavo ane zvakasiyana chimiro maererano mashandiro anoitwa nayo. Figure rinoratidza zvakajeka stratified chivako mazino dzevanhu. Mufananidzo zvinoratidza zvose mazino munyama, uyewo nzvimbo ropa uye node midziyo.

Zino enamel zvemapuranga. Izvi rakasimba jira zvinosanganisira 95% kubva chicherwa munyu, akadai magnesium, zingi, strontium, mhangura, simbi, fluoride. The yasara 5% vane makemikari zvinhu - mapuroteni, lipids, makabhohaidhiretsi. Uyezve, enamel akafanana rinosanganisira mvura munyaya vasiri kwendangariro.

Enamel, akavapindurawo, anewo yokunze goko - Zvisinei, cuticle anofukidza dög pose nezino, kunoita kuti mutete uye pakupedzisira zvapera.

Hwaro zino dentine - mapfupa - muunganidzwa zvicherwa, yakasimba, yakapoteredza yose mhango pakati zino uye mudzi Canal. dentine rinenge unotora zhinji migero roga kuburikidza izvo metabolic pezvakaitwa kuitika mazino. Maererano channel kutapukira tsinga nomunhu. For reference, 1 ba. mm dentine chinosanganisira anosvika 75 000 tubules.

Pulp. Periodontium. The nemamiriro mudzi

Anoumba munhu mhango pakati zino pulp yemukati - nyoro zvinyama, akasundira mamiriro, yakazara kuburikidza neropa uye nhengo dzinobudisa midziyo uye tsinga harinzwi.

Sechivako nemidzi kwemeno dzevanhu Dzakafanana. The Mudzi zino iri mu shaya mapfupa, rinokosha buri - alveolus. The mudzi, uyewo korona nezino, rinoumbwa mineralized zvinyama - dentine, iyo externally yakafukidzwa simende - mucheka, zvishoma nesimba tichienzanisa enamel. Dental mudzi muromo chinoguma kuburikidza pakuvhurwa iyo kuedzwa tsinga kuti zvokudya zino. Kuwanda nemidzi ari zino kunosiyana-siyana maererano chinangwa chawo chadzo, kubva pamudzi kuna incisors, kusvika 4-5 mu kutsenga mazino midzi.

Periodontium - a connective zvinyama kuti anozadza musiyano pakati zino mudzi uye buri shaya, umo riri. Internet jira rakarukwa kupinda samende mudzi rumwe rutivi, uye kupinda pfupa rinenge rimwe rushaya nevamwe, saka kuti zino rinopa chaizvo. Uyezve, kuburikidza periodontal zvinyama rwengarava ropa zvokudya zvinhu kuwira zino tishu.

Types kwemeno. vematombo

meno Human vanokamurwa muzvikwata mana makuru:

• incisors (nechepakati uye divi);
• fangs;
• premolars (diki chewable / molars);
• molars (akakura chewable / molars).

Shaya munhu ane zvakafanana, ichibata marongerwo uye rinosanganisira chete nhamba mazino kubva nerimwe boka. Zvisinei, pane zvimwe zvinhu zviri anatomical nyaya dzakadai maumbirwo meno dzevanhu rokumusoro rushaya ezasi mutsara kwemeno. Ngationgororei navo zvizere.

The pamberi meno inonzi incisors. Muvanhu, 8 mazino izvi - 4 pamusoro uye 4 pazasi. Vematombo akagadzirirwa kuzoruma zvokudya, kuiganhura vachiita zvidimbu. Zvakakurukurwa sechivako pamberi meno murume kunoratidzwa yokuti ivo vane sandara korona, muchimiro nematomhu, ane kumbonyanya unopinza micheto. Muzvikamu anatomically kuita hillocks matatu kuti munguva upenyu pfuma vari zvapera. Maxillary nechepakati incisors, vaviri - remasangano nhengo dzose dzeboka zvavo. Zvisinei, lateral incisors akafanana ari mamiriro nezvebasa, iduku. Sezvineiwo, nokuveza chaizvo pamucheto ari lateral incisor anewo matatu tubercle, uye kazhinji zvinotora convex chimiro nokuda kukura nechepakati (pakati) tuberosity. Root aricheke chete, flat uye anotora chimiro cone. A maitiro chepfungwa zino - kubva zino mhango ndivo pamusoro matatu pulp, izvo dzinoenderana tubercles pakati nokuveza mucheto.

Sechivako yokumusoro dzevanhu mazino siyanei kubva anatomi repasi mutsara mazino, t. E. All chaizvo pakatarisana yacho mandible. Central incisors zvishoma kana tichienzanisa divi kuva mutete mudzi, mupfupi kupfuura lateral incisors. The pamberi zino pamusoro - zvishoma yokufeva, asi lingual - concave.

Lateral incisor korona yakamanikana chaizvo uye vachida kuti miromo yake. Nokuveza kumucheto ine mbiri zino angled - center, rakapinza, uye lateral - zvakawanda obtuse. Nokuti mudzi dzinoratidzwa longitudinal grooves.

Fangs. kutsenga mazino

Canines akagadzirirwa kuti rakakamurwa madiki zvidimbu zvokudya. The anatomi pamusoro zino zvokuti pakupedzisira (lingual) divi korona kunosvika muforo iyo rwokuyera zvishoma disproportionate muzvikamu zviviri. Nokuveza pamucheto zino yava yakatanga iziviswe ano, kuita chimiro korona cône serin'i, kazhinji rakafanana meno mhuka Mbeswa.

Canine mandible ane rakatetepa chimiro, korona kunobatanidza wekuita ari medial tubercle. Mudzi zino riri sandara, wakarebesa zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nemidzi kwemeno uye vakatsauka noura. Muvanhu, canines maviri nomumwe rushaya, mumwe kurudyi mumwe kuruboshwe.

Canines pamwechete divi kucheka micheto iumbe chinhu chakakombama, iyo rinotanga pakona inonzi yakapedza nokuveza mazino kuti dög.

Ngatikurukurei kunyatsofungisisa maumbirwo chizvarwa kwevanhu zino, kutanga - duku dög, ipapo guru dög. Chinangwa chikuru posterior meno - kumbonyatsoongorora zvokuimba kubudiswa chikafu. basa iri rinoitwa premolars uye molars.

premolars

The premolar wokutanga (zvinoratidzwa nhamba 4 mune mazino payakavakirwa) hwakasiyana canines uye incisors ayo prismatic chimiro, korona ane convex penyika. Kutsenga pamusoro dzinoratidzwa hillocks maviri - buccal uye lingual pakati dimples kuedzwa muforo. Buccal cusp lingual yakakura ukuru. Mudzi wokutanga premolar achiri sandara, asi iye atova ine yakateurirwa buccal uye lingual mugove.

Chechipiri premolar chimiro chakafanana wokutanga, asi ayo buccal pamusoro dzinokwanisa kurei, uye kuti mudzi ane tapered chimiro compressed ari anteroposterior negwara.

Kutsenga penyika wokutanga dzakaderera premolar iri tapered kurutivi mutauro. Ikorona zino vakagumisa mudzi chete, flat, pamwe grooves nechemberi pamusoro.

Chechipiri premolar kupfuura repakutanga nokuti kuti protuberance zvakaenzana yakatanga uye zvakafanana, ichibata, uye pakadzika vari enamel (kutsemuka uku) therebetween kutora chimiro chidhongi. The Mudzi zino mudzi zvakafanana wokutanga premolar.

In dentition dzevanhu 8 premolars, 4 kurutivi rumwe norumwe (pamusoro okumusoro shaya). Funga anatomical zviri yose maumbirwo meno yokumusoro rushaya (guru posterior mazino) dzevanhu uye kutsaura kubva nemamiriro rezasi mazino shaya.

molars

The molars rokutanga yokumusoro rushaya - chikuru zino. Inonzi mukuru zvizvarwa zino. Korona chakafanana rectangle, uye occlusal pamusoro ndiyo nedhaimani chimiro pamwe cusps mana, pakati riri distinguishable kutsemuka uku H mune fomu. zino ichi ane midzi matatu, rimwe kurudyi - kupfuura simba, uye mbiri dama - sandara, izvo akaramba ari anteroposterior negwara. meno aya apo nokuvhara shaya abut imwe uye tiri rudzi "terminators", maererano nako vanosangana kwazvo mutoro upenyu hwevanhu.

Second matadza Kukura duku pane wokutanga. Korona ine cubic chimiro pamwe X-kuumbwa kutsemuka uku pakati dimples. Midzi meno akafanana midzi wokutanga matadza.

Structure mazino kwevanhu (molars urongwa uye nhamba) riri akafanana ne urongwa anorondedzerwa pamusoro premolars.

mandibular matadza First ane cusps shanu nokuda dög - matatu buccal uye vaviri lingual kuna F-zvakaumbwa kutsemuka uku pakati pavo. At pamudzi zino, vaviri - pamwe chete neshure mugero, uye mberi - vaviri. Kunze kucheka mudzi refu chinjika.

matadza Second yakafanana wokutanga mandibular matadza. Kuwanda molars ari premolar kwevanhu rinobatana nhamba.

Nemamiriro evanhu uchenjeri zino. meno mhuru kuti

Third matadza ari dzakakurumbira kunzi "uchenjeri zino", uye ari dentition womunhu mune zvose 4 nezino, 2 nomumwe shaya. On rezasi rechitatu matadza rushaya vangava muzvizhinji pamusoro embodiments ose hillocks. Kakawanda, pane vashanu. Asi ruzhinji anatomi ari "uchenjeri zino" murume zvineringanidzo nemamiriro rechipiri matadza Zvisinei, mudzi kazhinji chakafanana pfupi hunde uye simba chaizvo.

Sezvatamboona, kutanga munhu mwana mazino. Kunowanzosanganisira vachikura makore 2.5-3. Kuwanda kwenguva mazino ndiyo 20. The anatomical uye histological marongerwo kwevanhu mukaka zino zvakafanana chivakwa zvachose, asi pane dzimwe misiyano:

1. Ukuru mazino nekorona mukaka kushoma zvikuru kana tichienzanisa rusingaperi.
2. Enamel mukaka mazino wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose, uye murwiyo ane yakaderera mwero dentin mineralization sezvo kufananidzwa matadza mazino, saka sevana caries kazhinji anooneka.
3. Musha kuti pulp uye mudzi Canal mukaka zino zvakawanda tichienzanisa kugara vhoriyamu, nemhaka iyo zviri tichikurumidza siyana anogumbura kwendangariro.
4. The anorovera pamusoro dög uye nokuveza hukawanika manyoro.
5. Vematombo mukaka mazino yakawanda convex.
6. Midzi vakatsunga kurutivi muromo, havana nguva yakareba uye simba sezvo ichienzaniswa midzi kwemeno zvachose. Maererano kuchinja meno pauduku - husingakuvadzi nyarara muitiro.

Pakupedzisira, tinoona kuti, Chokwadi, maumbirwo mazino dzevanhu, munzvimbo dzavo rushaya kuvhara (occlusion) vane yepasi unhu mumwe zvikuru nomumwe. Zvisinei dentition midziyo chero munhu vachiita kuti anokosha muviri hwose, maererano ichi, pamusoro nguva nemamiriro kwemeno nokugadzirwa kwawo vakachinja. Zvinofanira kurangarirwa kuti vakawanda pathological pezvakaitwa mu dentistry mune pauduku, saka zvakakosha kuongorora mamiriro meno kubva pamakore okutanga oupenyu. Izvi zvichakubatsira kudzivisa matambudziko mazino mune chavanoziva zera.

Pasinei ayo pachena nyore, mazino - kunzwisisa chaizvo uye zvikuru kusimba ezvinhu, imwe multi-layered histological chimiro, mumwe nomumwe akaturikidzana ane chinangwa mumwe uye ane zvimwe zvivako. Uye chokwadi chokuti mazino kuchinja kunoitika kamwe chete muupenyu, zvichiita maumbirwo yevanhu rushaya (mazino, nhamba yavo) vakasiyana anatomi pamusoro rushaya pakati fauna of.