Human dentition. Nezvarinomiririra uye chii zvamarudzi Masvomhu zviripo

Meno chinokosha iri kunyatsoshanda kuti dög uye kutaura kodzero. Vanotora chikamu dög, kufema kukura inzwi uye kutaura inotungamirwa. Mazino haagoni pachavo muvandudzwe, uye simba ravo - ndiko chete nechitarisiko. Dentition nezivo yake zvinokonzera dzose mazino kutarisirwa uye anopa mukana kutarisa namapuranga vanachiremba vemazino.

mazino notation nzira

In dentistry vanachiremba rokuongorora murwere zvivanakire makadhi ayo vanoshandisa yakananga vaverengwa. Sezvakarayirwa mamiriro zvose kwemeno inowanzopiwa kwakaratidzwa chaiyo yemaitiro, unonzi "dentition hwevanhu." In siyana dzidziso boka mazino, basa rakafanana vari runotaurwa Arabic kana Roman sezviverengo uye tsamba. Pane dzimwe mazino vasabatwa enyika. Nzira iyi mureza Zsigmondy-Palmer, uye munyika dzakawanda dzidziso Viola uye Haderupa maitiro uye multifunction alphanumeric dzidziso.

System Zsigmondy-Palmer

The mazino payakavakirwa anonyanya papfungwa yokuti digitaalinen mativi-Zsigmondy-Palmer, iyo kubvumirwa muna 1876. peculiarity charo kuti mazino zvose mukuru anozivikanwa ne Arabic sezviverengo kubva 1 kusvika 8. Vana inoverengwa ne sezviverengo Roman I kuna V.

Pfungwa mbiri digit Viola

Chakazobvumwa neInternational Dental Federation muna 1971. In nzira iyi, yakaderera uye yokumusoro rushaya vari rakakamurwa quadrants ina kusvika 8 mazino. Adult murume ane quadrants - 1, 2, 3, 4, uye vana - 5, 6, 7, 8. Panyaya iyi, iyo quadrant nhamba yakaratidzwa wokutanga digit. A digit wechipiri nhamba zino (1 kusvika 8). Izvi munhu zino payakavakirwa zano izvo zvinobatsira kufamba sechivako shaya.

gadziriro yakadaro anonzi kuti chinonyanya yakakodzera kushandisa, sezvo pasina tsamba nemitsetse. Uye panhau iyi, iri hofisi chiremba wemazino paakagadzwa, unogona kunzwa kuti zvichava zvakafanira kuti kubata 34th kana yechi47 nezino, uye mwana - maminitsi 51 kana maminitsi 83. Asi izvi hazvirevi kuti munhu mukuru 47 uye 83 panguva nembudzana.

Haderupa maitiro

In dzidziso iyi, kuona nzvimbo kwemeno vaishandisa Arabic sezviverengo. The pamusoro mutsetse ndiye chiratidzo "+", uye nechepasi chiratidzo "-". mazino Milk vanoonekwa sezvo nhamba 1 kusvika 5 kuwedzera zero, uye zviratidzo "+" uye "-" kana tichienzanisa molars.

Multifunctional alphanumeric nzira

gadziriro iyi kuzivikanwa American Dental sangano, akaita vaishora kuti chero zino dzinoti ine nhamba yaro vakuru uye tsamba - muvana. Counting inofanira kuitwa kuruboshwe, kubvira rokumusoro kurudyi zino, uye kubva kuruboshwe kuenda kurudyi pasi mutsetse.

Human dentition, dunhu rwaaimboparadza yakazokudziridzwa kuzvishandisa mukurapa, inoita basa rinokosha mune zvakawanda kudzidza kutevedzana mazino ari okumusoro shaya gadziriro. Unogona kuwana Kunyatsoziva mufananidzo, kuti tinzwisise sei somunhu mazino pachena chinzvimbo shaya.

meno mhuru kuti

Paunowana mazino kuwa panze uye inotsiviwa vana panguva mudzi, sezvo mutemo, muna zera boka makore 6-7. Asi pane dzimwe nguva vamwe kusabvumirana pamakore aya, chokuita chaiyo zvechadenga ane muviri. Dentition anogona kuva mubatsiri ari kudzidza izvi zvinhu.

Kuti uone vachapiwa yoku- sei mazino tumafuta kunzwisisa specificity dentoalveolar marongerwo uye ayo specificity. Pasinei nokuti zvatinosiita mukaka mazino dzinobviswa pashure mwana hafu yegore, vari yakaumbwa muna tanga zvokukura pamuviri. Hazvisi zvikuru refu uye zvakaoma chichiitwa, riri kuvakwa panguva chekupedzisira chemwedzi mitatu yenhumbu. Uye panongopera mwana akaberekwa, akatanga kubuda kutanga mazino zvachose. Uye panyaya iyi tinofanira kutarisira utano Deciduous meno, sezvo chirwere caries mwana zino zvingabudirira Anotadzira utachiona pakati zvemo.

Musiyano

Zino fomura kuisa Deciduous mazino ine vamwe kusiyana ne rusingaperi. Munhu mukuru - 32 mazino, mwana - 20 dheri. Kazhinji kurasikirwa Deciduous mazino kunoitika apo kare kucheka mudzi. Kazhinji vabereki vanonetseka kuti chokwadi kuti zvakakonzerwa nezvirwere, uye kurasikirwa angaperekedzwa marwadzo mwana wavo. Asi nokuda kworutivi yavo mwoyo pasina, sezvo shanduro iyi chaizvoizvo dziripowo. Mamiriro acho ezvinhu kuti panguva kwegadziriro mazino hurongwa yokutsiva mazino, zvishoma nezvishoma vanotanga kunyangarika dheri midzi. Uye ndicho chikonzero mazino kutanga kuva inotsikwa kuwa panze, uye munzvimbo yavo kukura zvachose. Kazhinji, budiriro kunoitika pamwe rezasi incisors. Mazino kuwa kubva zvishoma nezvishoma, uye yose Danho kunotora 6 kusvika 8 makore.

Dentition muvana

Detailed kurapwa kana payakavakirwa mukaka mazino ari mwana vanoti sezviverengo Roman chimiro ichi:

V IV III II I II III IV V

V IV III II I II III IV V

Saka, neimwe hafu okumusoro shaya ane mbiri kutema unopinza mitsetse (I, uye II), 2 guru zvachose zino (IV uye V), uye canine 1 (III), matadza meno duku zvisipo, rose shaya ane meno 20.