Sports Summer Olympics. Modern Olympic Games - Sports

The resumption pakati ari Summer Olympic Games kwakaitika muna 1896. Panguva ino, zvakarongwa zvinosanganisira mazita akadai Olympic mitambo sezvo jimunasitikisi, zvombo, mvura mitambo, bhiza Kuda, kumativi, tenesi, chikwata mitambo. Vose, panhengo Summer yeOlympic inosanganisira vanenge 40 mhando mitambo, asi pakupedzisira 12 vavo vakanga vasingagoni kupedza of International Olympic Committee. Saka, zvinokwanisika inzwi nhamba 28 - ndiko kuti zhizha yeOlympic yemitambo iri pachikwata iko zvino.

nhabvu

zvichida iyi ndiyo imwe yenzvimbo dzine mukurumbira yemitambo. yokwaakazvarirwa - South-East Asia. Wokutanga zhizha Olympics nhabvu zvaisanganisira yayo mazita muna 1972. Kuratidzwa zvesimba kwakaitika muMunich. Pamutemo, mutambo vakapinda Olympic chirongwa pashure pemakore 20 muBarcelona. Kubvira muna 1996, mutambo 5 anoita mibayiro: pachake uye vakomana vari vechirume Mapato, uyewo yakavhenganiswa kaviri. Singles - 36 vechikamu vaviri - 32 uye zvakasiyana - 16. The weNobel ndiye wokutanga dhayira 30 pfungwa (kana mamakisi 29:29) kana 22 (panguva mamakisi 20:20). Just kunowirirana 3 mitambo, Kumukundi anofanira kuhwina 2.

Basketball

Sports Summer Olympics zvinosanganisira vanhu (1936) uye vakadzi (1976) basketball. Yakawedzera hanya yeOlympic Basketball Tournament, yakanga kuzivikanwa kuti kutora chikamu kwe simbi kubvumira NBA vatambi. The Olympic Tournament aisanganisira zvikwata 12, akakamurwa 2 mapoka. Mugore kota finals kubva 4 zvikwata kuti zvinopedzwa nokuda attrition hurongwa.

Baseball

Ichi chikwata mutambo wekutanga akazviratidza kwezana remakore rechi19 muUnited States, asi nokuda zhizha wokutanga yeOlympic zvaisanganisira nayo kwavo mazita muna 1992 chete. Vavariro zvikwata (pane vaviri) iri yakatarwa pfungwa. Game anoshandisa bhora uye nechiremwaremwa. Mumwe mutambi Anovhiringidza bhora, uye wechipiri anorova ake. Kana Vachirova Rinotarisira kumativi ose nezvigadziko dziri pamakona mumunda kumhanya, chikwata akaenda pfungwa.

tsiva

Pane zvakarongwa pamusoro yeOlympic mitambo muna 1904 yaisanganisira yevanhu tsiva, uye muna 2012 paakavapa rukudzo urwu nechikadzi. Kusvika panguva Medals vari vaitambira pakati boxers muna 11 uremu mhando. Nokuti nguva yose Olympic Games vakawanda Medals vakagamuchira boxers kubva kuUnited States (48), Cuba (32) uye Russia (20).

kurwisana

YeGirisi Roman mutsimba inowedzera mitambo Olympic Games kubva kumutsidzirwa kwavo muna 1896, yakanga isiri pachikwata chete muna 1900. makwikwi aya zvinoitiswa pakati pavanhu chete. Vatambi anoparadzirwa kupinda uremu mhando nomwe. A chinoratidza rokurwisa kurambidzwa inobaya mwoyo pazasi bhanhire, Kunoshayisa uye matanho. Zvose zvinoitwa kuitika nokushandiswa maoko uye mutumbi. Tiine 1904 Olympics zhizha zvinosanganisira freestyle mutsimba, izvo akabvumira igumburwe, hooking nezvimwe yemichato. Kubvira 2004, makwikwi aya vari chikamu nevakadzi. Kwasara freestyle mutsimba kubudisa 11 anoita Medals: 4 uremu Categories vakadzi uye 7 - vanhu.

kuchovha

Cycling Sports Summer Olympics - a kuchovha njanji, veloshosse, BMX uye gomo cu. Cycling njanji yakatanga zvaisanganisira muchirongwa 1896, uye kechipiri akaonekwa chete muna 1912. Women kuti makwikwi yaiitwa kokutanga muna 1988. Kutenderera njanji zvinosanganisira munhu pakutsvaka, yokungoi- ta bara, Madison uye pfungwa nhangemutange.

• Olympic yokungoi- ta bara - 3 munhu zvikwata kubatanidzwa madaro pamusoro 750 metres, apo wachi dzemhando yepamusoro chete okupedzisira 200 mamita.
• Vachitsvaka - Men kuti daro - 4 km, vakadzi - 3 km.
• Inotaurawo rudzi - Men kuti daro - 40 km vakadzi - 25 km.
• Madison - chete varume chikwata (2 vanhu) makwikwi kuti 60? Km.
• Keirin - Race 5 ½ unokapa mamita 250.

Veloshosse - boka vakadzi (120 km) kana munhurume (239 km) rudzi, unotanga vakawanda kutanga. Nhengo Team kodzero kubatsira mumwe mune mazwi kugadziriswa. Munhangemutange nomumwe, kuti vakwikwidzi kutanga zvikamu mumasekonzi 90 uye havagoni kubatsira vamwe vatambi. BMX akanga yokutanga vaisanganisira muna 2008 mazita Olympic Games gore. Vakwikwidzi vachishandisa zvatinogadzira hazvigoni kunyatsotevedzera zvinoita bikes, yambuka nharaunda, iyo yakafukidzwa nemiti.

mvura Polo

Evanhu mvura Polo mumwe mitambo zvachose. Nokudaro, makwikwi okutanga yaiitwa kunyange servicesactiopurge kubvira 1900, asi zvikwata vakadzi vakaita basa kubva 2000 chete.

In machisa zviviri zvikwata zvinomwe-munhu kutora chikamu (pamwe Vatambi), uye pamusoro pabhenji ndiyo vatambi matanhatu. The mutambo inoumbwa mana nguva maminitsi masere.

nevolleyball

Kokutanga servicesactiopurge Volleyball payo akazviratidza muna 1924 sechinhu kunakidza dzinoratidza. Asi chirongwa chake yaisanganisira muna 1964. Two zvikwata 6 vanhu kuridza 3 mitambo 25 points. Pakakoromoka anofanira zvinenge 2 points, zvimwe bato anonzi kukwana. Tie-Break (5th batch mangé) iri kuridzwa kusvika 15 points. Game anopa zvekushandisa timeout 60 mumasekonzi uye mamwe mumasekonzi maviri 30.

Beach nevolleyball ndiyo chikamu ano Olympic Games. Sports akasiyana vakatozodzokera (zita anotaura pacharo) uye zvimwe zvirwere. Somuenzaniso, bato vaiona kuti kukundwa kana paine 15 pfungwa yokuti kana chikwata.

Handball

Football - chiri chikwata mutambo, uye vanhurume. Akamuteterera debut panguva Olympic Games muna 1936. The mutambo rine mitambo miviri maminitsi 30. Nguva yose kwemasikati - maminitsi 10. The chikwata ine 14 (7 pamusoro munda uye 7 pamusoro pabhenji).

jimunasitikisi

Mitambo uye jimunasitikisi - Sports Summer Olympic Games, yakabuda pachikwata kubva Kwemitambo makwikwi. Muna 1896 akamuteterera debut evanhu mitambo jimunasitikisi, muna 1928 - womusikana. Panguva iyoyo, pakati vatambi vairidza kunze Medals kuti chikwata vabatanidzwe uye munhu wose-kumativi, uyewo kuti mumwe kumativi yoga. Artistic gymnasts kokutanga akatora mugove yemakwikwi muna 1984. Chii rakafadza Fans Olympics? Mutinhimira jimunasitikisi anozivikanwa zvikuru kuti zvinoshamisa pirouettes.

kukwasva

Ndezvipi yeOlympic yemitambo chokuita yokukwasva? The Pamazita zvinosanganisira zvinotevera:

• Rowing famba (apo vatambi vari rakakamurwa zvikwata zviviri, mumwe nomumwe are kukwasva) uye hwemvura kamuri (neimwe yeboka zvikwasviso maviri). Nhangemutange paruchaitika yakarurama njanji kureba mamita 2000.
• Rowing uye canoeing varume nevakadzi panguva dzakasiyana kure mune anosarudza, vari vaviri vaviri uye mana.
• Slalom - rudzi on nokukurumidza kubuda nepagedhi chaiyo.

nejudho

Judo ndohwaJehovha zvikuru nevanhu pasina zvombo. Zviri pandandanda yeOlympic mitambo kubva 1964. Makwikwi kuvakadzi zvakatanga kuitwa muna 1992. Chinangwa chikuru vechikamu - kuchengetedza akazodzikama uye kuita rikaposherwa muvengi.

Equestrian mutambo

Izvi "revatongi" kurangwa, zviri vanobatanidzwa Olympic Games kubvira 1900. Mhando dzakasiyana-siyana makwikwi mumutambo uyu vari dzichichinja, asi pari Medals vari paakavapa nomumwe uye chikwata mubasa unoratidzei achisvetukasvetuka, eventing uye mbudo.

njanji uye munda

Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru mitambo vaiona mitambo. Olympics kunopa vakawanda 47 anoita Medals. Mhando mitambo makwikwi dzinoiswa pamusoro vakatozodzokera:

• On the mitambo njanji.
• Inside Athletics core.
• Kunze nhandare.

chaienda

mutambo uyu chokuita zvikuru kuoma unyanzvi Implementation. Kuita makwikwi zvinopa kuti 11 anoita Medals. Panguva iyoyo, nokuti yokutsiva vatana chaiwo midziyo pauya ano uye kupenya.

kushambira

Swimming waibatanidzwa Olympic Games muna 1912. Makwikwi mumutambo uyu vari kunze mumatanho dzakawanda. Pane zvinotevera akasiyana: freestyle, backstroke, shavishavi, medley ataure rudzi.

Diving

mhando iyi mvura mitambo inosanganisira vachisvetuka kubva pashongwe kana springboard (riri pa dzakakwirira yakasiyana). Kokutanga muna 1904 panguva yeOlympic vakanga rinomiririrwa akasvetuka kuroorwa, uye muna 2000 - synchronous.

Nokuuruka ari trampoline

Vanobatanidzwa yeOlympic yemitambo kubvira 2000, chaizvoizvo kwavo kuita kurovedza zvitatu gumi. Nhasi servicesactiopurge akaridza boka vechirume Medals.

nemasiraidhi akapendwa kushambira

Zvaenderaniswa swimming anzi imwe yenzvimbo akaoma yemitambo. Nheyo ake - ndiko kuzadzikiswa-siyana mumvura mimhanzi. Water kutamba (pakutanga mutambo uyu anonzi saka) debuted muna 1984 sezvo rimwe uye vaviri zvesimba. Zvaenderaniswa Swimming - iri chete munhukadzi mutambo, rine unyanzvi uye refu zvirongwa.

ano pentathlon

Modern pentathlon zvinosanganisira zvinotevera mitambo yeOlympic (vatambi kukwikwidza mufananidzo unogona kuona munyaya): kupfura, fence, kushambira, mabhiza mabhiza, basketball. First pentathlon wakatangwa muna 1912, pakutanga airidza mhere Medals varume chete. Kubvira muna 1996, vakadzi dzinoitawo makwikwi mhando iyi.

kupfura

Kuti varove atambudzwe kushandisa pfuti uye pfuti. mutambo uyu dziri Olympic Games kubvira 1896. Kukwikwidza zviri varume navakadzi. To musi, yakakamurwa kupfura bara uye posita. Wokutanga chakagadzirwa nomoto (chinhambwe 25 uye 50 metres) uye mhepo (10 metres) zvombo. Men kuti 60 kurira kwepfuti, vakadzi - panguva 40 dzakasiyana zvinzvimbo vari akapawo: asingatani, amire akapfugama. Makwikwi mu ivhu njivavarungu kupfura kuitika rakavhurika kupfura neeSultan. Kushandiswa mvere-dzikapupurira chombo kuwira zvinobhururuka cakes on the-chipfuro. Makwikwi zvinosanganisira musungo uye Skeet uye musungo kaviri.

kubaya

Richishandiswa zvombo zviviri - chidhina uye uta chimiro. Competitors kupinda mira chipfuro pamwe chinhambwe 70 mamita. Kokutanga mutambo uyu waibatanidzwa Olympic Games muna 1900. The makwikwi yakanga wakapindwa varume nevakadzi, uyewo inoita kuti chikwata uye munhu kupfura.

tenesi

Pari, mitambo yeOlympic yaisanganisira hombe uye tafura Tennis. First debuted muna 1896, yakanga raizobviswa, uye muna 1988 Mutongo IOC akanga kuzodzosera akapinda mune mazita Olympic mitambo. Table tennis ane nemidzi yawo remakore rechi19, asi yeOlympic akanga chete muna 1988. The makwikwi varume nevakadzi vachitora chikamu. Vakakunda muhondo uyo anounganidza zvikuru pfungwa. Makwikwi ine kumapati nomwe, imwe neimwe iyo kumamiriro 11 points.

Triathlon

Uyu ndiwo mumwe mhando yakaomesesa makwikwi. Zvinosanganisira kushambira, kuchovha uye kumhanya. Mudungwe munzira nokuti varume nevakadzi zvakafanana marudzi ose, achitora nzvimbo iwoyo. Vakadzi kuchatanga kwokutanga pane vanhu: Achimhanya - maminitsi 30, panguva bicycling - kwemaminitsi 60 apo swimming - maminitsi 20.

taekwondo

Mumwe wechiduku (kubvira 2000), asi mberi mutambo vanobatanidzwa Olympic Games. Panguva makwikwi hunoyerwa kwete chete kugona kuchengetedza kuonana rokurwa, asi nokuputsa zvinhu ruoko negumbo ari kusvetuka. Makumbo uye vakuru zvichengetedzwe. Panguva sparring zvinorambidzwa zvibhakera pasi. The weNobel ndiye mutambi yakawanda dzinokosha unyanzvi.

Weightlifting

Muna 1896, mazita simba mitambo vakawedzera Weightlifting. Musimboti makwikwi kuti uremu kusimuka. Jerk uye jolt - ndiwo zvinokosha kukwidza kubhawa. Imwe neimwe yeboka iri kodzero mukuedza matatu. Weight waigona mutezo biathlon. Sezvo 2000 makwikwi zvinobatanidzwa nevakadzi. Nokuti varume, pane 8 uremu Categories vakadzi - 7.

fence

Fencing rinongoshandisirwa nomumwe mutambo. Vanobatanidzwa yeOlympic kubvira 1924. Kukwikwidzana vakadzi nevarume. Zvombo makwikwi kunogona foil, Saber uye epee. Rwisa pachayo iri kuitwa njanji makubhiti 2 metres uye 14 metres urefu, akaita ane electrically conductive zvinhu. The awarding pfungwa iri sezvinotevera:

• Saber - jekiseni muridze, sezvo kwete chete kubaya, asi kucheka zvombo.
• Rapier - majekiseni kunohumwe pfungwa womuviri, kunze mutsipa.
• Epee - chero kukuvara wapfura.

Panguva fence epee kuverengwa panguva imwe chete zvinokubaya. Uye kana kushandisa bakatwa pfupi - chete akuvadzwa panguva kurwisa.

nhabvu

Zvinofadza vanhu Olympics? Football - zvichida chete mutambo zvokuti mauto vanoungana panguva sefa, mamiriyoni vakomana. Muna 1996 uye vakadzi bhora, kuishandisa. Pakutanga yeOlympic pakati nenyanzvi zvikwata zvakarambidzwa kubva mubasa makwikwi. Pakutanga kwezana achitungamirira nhabvu Chikwata remakore rechi20 rakanga National chikwata muUnited Kingdom. Zvakanga iye akatora mibayiro ane mitambo shoma pamusara. Iye kumiririrwa Great Britain mudzidzi England. In ayo akafanana, oddly zvakakwana, varidzi vari nyanzvi. 1932 kwakaratidzwa ndechokuti nhabvu akanga risingabatanidzwi mazita Olympic mitambo. Zvikonzero izvi zvaiva maviri. Wekutanga kufunga kuti nhabvu vagari US uninteresting (uye yeOlympic muna 1932 iri akaronga ikoko). Chechipiri, FIFA mubatanidzwa ndisingadi atambe ichi vaizotibata waiva mumvuri nyika yakakurumbira mabasa akafanana yeOlympic.

Football akadzorerwa pachikwata muna 1936. Nokuda kuti vatambi makawana mukuru nyanzvi pamwero nokururamisira nokukurumidza, FIFA akabvumira kubatanidzwa yeOlympic kune vatambi nenyanzvi. Pasi kurambidzwa ndivo haana mugove munyika Championship chete. Muna 1992 akanga akaita zera muganhu: iri Kuronga chikwata hakufaniri anopfuura 3 vatambi pamusoro makore 23 okuberekwa.

Hockey

spachiana Uyu nhabvu uye Hockey. The makwikwi raisanganisira maviri 16-munhu zvikwata. Game - sezvikamu zviviri maminitsi 35 chete yokumbozorora pakati pavo mumaminitsi 10. 1980 asati, makwikwi akanga apinda chete nevanhu, asi ikozvino mava zvikwata dzemadzimai.