Special zvepfungwa. Unyanzvi uye nzira kuongorora.

Special zvepfungwa ndiye bazi wepfungwa kuti anobata nokudzidza Mamiriro ezvinhu muuduku uye kuyaruka pasi pokudzora zvimwe mapoka zvinhu. zvinhu zvakadai kuitika kunonoka zvitange kana kuratidzwa rudzi psycho-evanhu kutanga mwana, izvo yekudyidzana kunokanganisa munzanga uye mupfungwa kwadzakabva yaro, kuzvicheka-dzidzo uye kuramba yekosi tsanangudzo.

Special zvepfungwa kudzidza siyana mikana zvokurwara pfungwa kukura uye zvinetso zvemamiriro kukura mupfungwa. Special pfungwa rwakabhadharwa kuna kudzidza nomumwe zvechadenga mupfungwa chakakanganisika vana maronda ose cerebral cortex uye kutyora mabasa ari analyzers (kunzwa, kutaura). Yakavimbika akaziva kuti chikuru urema kunokonzera chinokosha yechipiri kuchinja, akadai kusanzwa, anogona kukonzera kuchinja kukura mupfungwa, vachivakazve chinokosha chinzvimbo, maonero, mafungiro, ukama nevamwe. Pahwaro chaiwo zvepfungwa izvi vari kurovedza panorongwa vanhu zvokukura abnormalities. Huru dambudziko kunoisawo rinokosha zvepfungwa, ndiye paumbwe imwe yakakwana munhu kuburikidza nokushandisa dzinokosha unyanzvi uye nzira dzidzo uye kurovedzwa, zvakazoita kuti kugadzirisa uye yaitsiva wakaputsika mabasa.

The chinhu wepfungwa chinokosha munhu vakaremara zvokukura, uye ayo basa ndeyokudzidza unhu uye mitemo kwepfungwa pokumuka vanhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvepfungwa uye mumuviri nepfungwa iri dzidzo correctional. Special zvepfungwa ane nzvimbo chaiwo akawanda kuti kutsanangura mabasa ayo. Surdopsihologiya achidzidza zvepfungwa dzematsi uye zvakaoma kunzwa vanhu tiflopsihologiya kudzidza zvepfungwa uye maitiro mapofu uye nemaziso vakadhakwa vanhu oligofrenpsihologiya kudzidza zvepfungwa pane mupfungwa chakakanganisika vanhu, uye logopsihologiya rakagadzirirwa kubatsira vanhu nokutaura zvirwere. An nzvimbo dzakadai zvepfungwa uye maonero zvinokosha kunyanya vanhu vane napaduku kutyorwa, sezvo zvichida chete nzira kujairana navo kunze nyika.

Special zvepfungwa pamwe chaiyo pedagogy vari kuurongwa ane kuranga nesayenzi nzwisisika - Defectology, iro rave kudzidza hunhu vana mupfungwa uye mumuviri urema uye kurovedzwa kwavo uye dzidzo. Special zvepfungwa ane chaiwo tsvakurudzo nzira anowanzodanwa kushandiswa mariri:

• Group uye munhu mumarabhoritari mafungiro kuedza. Ndivo chinoshingaira muongorori kupindira muwadhi anokosha kuti pave nemamiriro ezvinhu kuziva chero mupfungwa muenzaniso.
• Rucherechedzo. Cherechedzo inonzi kunzwisisa chinangwa pamusoro wadhi.
• The yokudzidza chigadzirwa waivako. By ichi ndechedu matambudziko kuongorora tsamba, rwokugadzira kana vana vanodhirowa.
• Kubvunza. Mabasa ari musimboti iyi pakudzidza dzinoturwa dziri mibvunzo.
• Projective nzira. Aiendeswa nechirwere unhu.
• Educational kuedza. Inomiririra dzinongoitika kuedza, inozivikanwa chinangwa inotungamirwa mupfungwa kwendangariro.
• Riine Reflex nzira.

Mumwe nomumwe izvi unyanzvi rinoshandiswa mune chaiyo zvepfungwa nokuda kwezvinangwa chaizvo, kufungisisa zvokunze zvinhu uye vanhu vanowanzosarudza. Zvinodiwa zvakakwana pakati vanhu vanotambura siyana mumuviri nomupfungwa nokuremara. Sezvo zvepfungwa maonero, inokosha zvepfungwa nhasi achisimuka ndamboita. Ndiani anoziva, zvichida munguva yemberi iri pedyo nekuda kwayo, vanhu vane pfungwa uye mumuviri kuremara kuti kuva nhengo yakazara munzanga yedu.