Nyika ino ari mudziyo (Copernicus, Leonardo da Vinci)

Vanhu anotsvaka uye anoramba kutsvaka mhinduro kumubvunzo nezvekwakabva uye nyika zvakamupoteredza.

The kunzwisisa rekare wezvose

Munguva dzekare, ruzivo yebudiriro zvainetsa kuwana uye asingafungi. Tikaziva nyika yakanga inobva maonero kuti zvose zvakaitwa remweya simba kana kuti vamiririri vayo. All mungano dzekare unobereka rupawo pane kupindira vamwari kukura uye upenyu yebudiriro. Nokuda kushaya ruzivo pamusoro pezvakaitwa zvakasikwa, vanhu vachiverenga kusikwa zvose Mwari, Higher chikonzero, midzimu.

Nokufamba kwenguva, zivo yevanhu "anosimudza keteni" yakavigwa kunzwisisa hunhu rakatikomba. Nokuda kunoshamisa masayendisiti uye uzivi vemazera akasiyana, vose vakakomberedza kunzwisisa kuchijeka uye zvishoma yakakanganiswa. Kwemazana emakore akawanda, chitendero braked kwava kuparadzana. Chinhu Hakupindirani pakunzwisisa "pakusikwa kwenyika uye munhu" ichatsakatiswa, vazivi uye zvakasikwa mumuviri zvachose, inyevero kune vamwe.

Geocentric Tsika dzenyika mano

Maererano Catholic Church, Pasi aiva musimboti wenyika. Ndizvo pfungwa kuisa mberi muzana remakore rechipiri BC, Aristotle. The hurongwa mamiriro enyika anonzi geocentric (kubva mushoko rechiGiriki Γῆ, Γαῖα - Earth). Maererano Aristotle, Pasi aiva rinosvika iri nechepakati wezvose.

Pane imwe maonero, apo Pasi ndiro cone. Anaksimandr vaifungidzira kuti nyika ine cylindrical chimiro ane pasi kureba asingasviki katatu nechigadziko dhayamita. Anaximenes, Anaxagoras akatenda Nyika yakanga sandara, akafanana tafura pamusoro. Kare zvaifungwa kuti nyika hunogara zvisikwa huru womweya, akafanana ari hamba.

Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras uye idenderedzwa Maumbirwe Earth

Mumazuva Achibvuma pfungwa yaPythagoras akatsunga inokosha yokuti pasi redu richiri chinhu idenderedzwa muviri. Asi vanhu, nokuti vakawanda havana kutsigira pfungwa iyi. Man aisagona kunzwisisa sei ari pamusoro bhora uye asingauyi kutedzemuka uye asingauyi idonhe. Uyezve, kwakanga kusina kujeka kuti Earth anodzokororwa muchadenga. It anokwirira vakawanda zvekungofungira. Vamwe vakatenda kuti mapuraneti dzinoitwa compressed mhepo, vamwe vakafunga kuti kunogara munyanza. Zvaiva zvakajairika pfungwa yokuti Earth, sezvo muzinda wenyika, ndiye mira uye hakurevi chinhu rutsigiro.

Renaissance wakafuma zviitiko

Kwemazana emakore, gadziriro kuitira nyika pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, kwave kuchiita chikuru dzokororo. A vazhinji vazivi uye masayendisiti iyoyo akaedza pachena kufumura zvaanonzwisisa vanhu pamusoro nzvimbo dzavo zvakasikwa uye zviwanikwa zvose. Pakati pavo paiva pfungwa huru akadai Giordano Bruno, Galileo Galiley, Nikolay Kopernik, Leonardo da Vinci.

Heavy uye minzwa nzira kukura kuva chokwadi uye magariro kugamuchirwa kuti pane zvakasiyana Gadziriro yakarongeka nyika. Remakore rechi16 rakava Munongedzo pfungwa muhondo kuti chiratidzo chitsva kunoshamisa pfungwa ane pakunzwisisana vanhu iyoyo. The dambudziko nokuti anononoka shanduko mukunzwisisa kwenzanga akarara ari nokuiswa chitendero pakunzwisisana zviwanikwa zvose, ndokubereka dzavasinei nadzo naMwari uye remweya hunhu. The Roman Raibvunzurudza pakarepo Kwakabvisa kuparadzana munzanga.

Copernicus - muvambi rokutanga chimurenga nesayenzi

Long pamberi Renaissance, rechitatu remakore BC, Arisitako vakafunga kuti pane kuva akasiyana Gadziriro yakarongeka nyika. Copernicus 'Pazuva nokumukirana pakati Spheres Vekudenga "muzvinyorwa ake kwakaratidza kuti yekare kunzwisisa kuti nyika yaiva musimboti wenyika uye zuva inotenderera payo, ndiye chinhu chakaipa.

bhuku rake, rakabudiswa muna 1543, yaiva uchapupu heliocentrism (heliocentric hurongwa zvinoratidza kunzwisisa chii Earth wedu inotenderera zuva) munyika. Akakurukura dzidziso inofamba pakati mapuraneti kunhivi Sun pakutanga pamusoro Pythagorean pfungwa dzakafanana tenderera inofamba.

Nikolaya Kopernika vanoshandira vamwe nguva yave vazivi iripo uye zvakasikwa. The Catholic Church yave akaziva kuti basa musayendisiti zvakakomba kurerutsa simba rayo uye akabvuma basa musayendisiti vemanyepo uye aitaura chokwadi. Muna 1616 mabasa ake zvakatorwa uye kupiswa.

The shasha zvikuru nguva yake - Leonardo da Vinci

Makore makumi mana asati Copernicus, imwe pfungwa chinopenya of Renaissance - Leonardo da Vinci yake ndisina nguva nezvimwe zvinhu sketching, apo akaratidzwa pachena kuti Pasi harisi pakati wenyika. nyika ino yose umhare Leonardo da Vinci kwakaratidzwa dzimwe pepa rehurukuro vanodhirowa hwakawanda huripo. Akatora manotsi uri yokunyora nokudhirowa minda, izvo zvinoreva kuti Nyika, kufanana nemamwe mapuraneti mugadziriro yedu yokutenderera zuva rotates vakakomberedza zuva. A kupenya muzivi, yokudhirowa, muvambi uye musayendisiti kunzwisisa zvakadzama zvinoreva zvinhu, mberi nguva yake kwemazana emakore anoverengeka.

Leonardo da Vinci basa rake akaita kunzwisisa kuti pane zvakasiyana Gadziriro yakarongeka nyika. Remakore rechi16 rakanga nguva hondo pakati kunzwisisa kukuru zvakasikwa pfungwa uye Fungidziro zvinofungwa vanhu panguva iyoyo yakaoma.

The hondo pakati maviri nyika nehurongwa namano

nyika ino iri mudziyo pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi16, vaiona nemasayendisiti nguva nenzira mbiri. Panguva iyi, Yakaumbwa nebope pakati nezvemarudzi maviri nemaonero - munhu geocentric uye heliocentric. Yakanga yave chete pashure anenge makore zana, kuva munhu kuhwina heliocentric maumbirwo enyika. Copernicus aiva muvambi pakunzwisisa itsva pakati pemasayendisiti.

basa rake "Pazuva nokumukirana pakati Spheres Vekudenga" akanga uncalled kweanenge mashanu nemakore. Society panguva iyoyo akanga asina kugadzirira kugamuchira kwavo kunzvimbo "itsva" zvakasikwa, nyika centre kurasikirwa nzvimbo. Yakanga chete mukupera kwezana remakore rechi16, nyika heliocentric gadziriro yenyika Bruno mudziyo, kwakavakirwa basa Copernicus, kamwe zvakare manyawi pfungwa huru munzanga.

Giordano Bruno uye kunzwisisa zvose zvechokwadi

Giordano Bruno akapikisa pamusoro richikunda ari kumwedzi kwake Aristotelian-Ptolemaic Gadziriro yakarongeka nyika, kushora Copernican hurongwa. Akavakoka izvozvo, kutanga mhedziso ouzivi izvozvo zvinhu vashoma kuzivikanwa zvino sezvo zvazvisingarambiki nesayenzi. Aiti kuti nyeredzi - a zuva kure, uye kuti zvose kune asingaverengeki yepasi pose miviri, rakafanana zuva redu.

Muna 1592 iye Akasungwa muna Venice uye hwakatamisirwa Roman dare rechechi. Zvadaro, pashure pemakore manomwe mujeri Church Roman akabvunza Bruno kusiya "infidels" dzidziso. Aramba, akanga akapisirwa padanda sezvo muhedheni. Giordano Bruno akabhadhara chaizvo nokuda kwavo kuita kutamburira nokuda heliocentric gadziriro yenyika. zvizvarwa Future kwaaiitwa nevaye nedambudziko musayendisiti guru, muna 1889 pamusoro nzvimbo yaiuya muRoma, akanga shongwe..

The ramangwana yebudiriro vagara vandifungira kwayo njere

Kwezviuru zvemakore vaunganidza ruzivo rwevanhu zvinoratidza kuti ruzivo vakawana iri sezvo pedyo kuitika nokunzwisisa. Asi vimbiso kuti vachava nechikonzero mangwana, haako. Sezvo tsika zvinoratidza, kuwedzera kunzwisisa kwedu zvakasikwa mutowo kufunga kuti zvishoma zvose zvakasiyana kupfuura isu vakakutangirai.

Chimwe nyaya inokosha, nomunyika zvemakore, inofanira nemaune kukanganisa mashoko (kufanana yeRoma panguva) kuramba vanhu nenzira "zvakanaka". Ngativerengei tariro kuti rationality ari munhu wechokwadi kuhwina, uye achaita kuti tikwanise kutevera nebudiriro panzira yakarurama.