Sobeskiy Yan: utungamiriri uye mitemo

3 Jan Sobieski, Biography (pfupi) inova nyaya pakudzokorora uku, aiva mambo Polish, muchinda Lithuanian, uye vakaita dzinokosha enyika uye okutarisira mbiru uye nzvimbo. Akavawo nomukurumbira somutungamiriri unyanzvi muchiuto, wakunda pamusoro Tartars, vokuTurkey. mutongi Polish rakaramba kwenguva ya kuvimbika umambo uye akaita zvakawanda kuti asimbise mukuru simba, kanenge panguva yokutonga kwake.

Zvimwe zvinhu muupenyu

Sobeskiy Yan akaberekwa muna 1629 panhare pedyo neguta muLviv. Zvisinei Aibva mumhuri sredneshlyahetskoy, vamiririri iyo, vakakwanisa ikabuda dzokumusorosoro madenderedzwa nekuvongwa michato inobudirira uye zvinobatsira. Mambo The ramangwana dzidzo yakanaka paYunivhesiti Cracow. Iye vaifamba mukoma wake kunyika dzokuMadokero European, apo akadzidza mitauro inoverengeka.

Iye anonzi munhu akadzidza kupfuura madzimambo ari wePolish-Lithuanian dzinza. Sobeskiy Yan akaenda nhume hweOttoman Empire, kwaakanga familiarized pachake ane umhare wehurumende ichi uye akadzidza mutauro wokuTurkey. Muna 1655, panguva Swedish nechisimba nyika yokutanga muChikoro proshvedskoy bato. Zvisinei, nokukurumidza, iye vakatsigira akakodzera mambo, uye vakarwa naye.

muchato

Muna 1665 akaroora Marysieńka Zamoyska - wokuFrance, uyo akanga ari mudare raMambo Louis XIV. Aitarisira kuti murume aizotora chigaro kwePoland. Uye nokuti ichi kushandiswa akapa rubatsiro French. Akavimbisa hurumende nyika yake, panyaya kwemamiriro pamwe naye naye, mambo wokupedzisira kuchakubatsira mukurwa zvake-refu nguva vavengi - the Habsburgs.

budiriro

Sobeskiy Yan panguva ino akanyepedzera mutongi chiPolish. Kuti aite izvi, aiva mukana: muna 1668 akava hetman guru - chinzvimbo chiri chinokosha pachena-administrative maumbirwo Poland. Zvisinei, kana akatadza kubudirira chinangwa chake, sezvo kwamachinda akasarudza kupfeka panzvimbo ino mumwe muchinda - ake protege.

Zvisinei, pasina nguva refu Sobeskiy Yan vaudzewo pachake semutungamiri matarenda muchiuto. Munguva 1660s, akarwa kure nechisimba Tatars, muna 1673-M akahwina kwakajeka akunde round hondo Khotin. Zvapedzisira ezvinhu akamupa mukurumbira, izvo, pamwe ndarama French vakabatsira wayo pakakwirira uye zvadaro akasarudzwa Mambo Poland.

vatorwa negwaro

Jan III Sobieski, chikuru basa kwake akaona kudzoka Podolsk nyika vokuPoland mamiriro. Chokwadi ndechokuti munzvimbo iyi nhengo dzakawanda kwamachinda akanga zvavo. Saka, zvinhu kurasikirwa isakarurama kunokanganisa kwete chete upfumi, asi pamusoro socio-enyika mamiriro ezvinhu.

Muna 1675, iye akasaina chakavanzika chibvumirano kwomubatanidzwa nehurumende French, iyo Zvisinei, vavariro siyana. Zvakanga aifarira kurega ruvengo pamusoro hweOttoman Empire, pfungwa kurwa rake guru anokumhan'arira - the Habsburgs. chinzvimbo ichi zvakakonzera Kusagutsikana wokuPoland, iyo mutongi French anoonekwa chete senzira kurwisa dzakawanda nhandare. Naizvozvo, Korol Yan Sobesky akaenda rotonhorera pamwe Versailles uye rapprochement pamwe yeAustria nezviremera kuitira kurwisa muvengi nevakawanda - vokuTurkey. The chibvumirano yakanga yakasainwa muna 1683. Zvino vakafunga rubatsiro namazano ari kurwisa.

chikuru kukunda

Zvegore, Mambo Poland zvinoenderana chibvumirano chibvumirano akakurumidza kusvika guru yeAustria mamiriro kuti pachishandiswa vatsigiri vari inoodza inotevera Turkish kurwisa. Zvisinei, Akaunza naye uye pachavo nemauto avo zvombo, uye hondo yakabatana, yakanga yakawanda sparse pane Turkish. Zvisinei, muhondo iri, kunyanya akaratidza inokosha tarenda Sobieski, uyo akatora murayiro pamusoro vagari Mauto vakakunda vokuTurkey.

Akaitawo kuedza kusunungura muHungary ndima. Zvisinei, haana kuita zvakanaka pano. Panguva imwe pakati pake uye mubati yeAustria gakava rakatanga. Chokwadi kuti mambo aida kuwedzera miganhu yacho Commonwealth kuGungwa Black kunze, asi rutsigiro ake vakakundikana.

Last makore

Chimwe chiitiko chinokosha kwake kwaiva kusaina ari "Rugare Vokusingaperi" pamwe Russia muna 1686. King akaenda chibvumirano ichi kuti anorenda kundorwa kuvaOttoman. Imwe nzvimbo inokosha wayo gwara rakanga kuti Poland yakasimba centralized mamiriro.

Aida chigaro choumambo mwanakomana wake uye mugari wenhaka, asi akasangana kushora France neEngland. Avo vakanga vasingafariri chidzoke muEurope hutsva simba simba. Sobieski zvakonzerawo kusimbisa hondo wePolish, achisimbisa mauto ayo Lithuanian. Zvisinei, nezviyero izvi havana zvakatungamirira zvinodiwa mugumisiro. Uye mambo akafa muna 1696 muna Warsaw, mune pave nokukakavara.