Sinuses of reDhura mai (venous sinuses, uropi sinuses): anatomi, mabasa

Uropi ndiwo muviri kuti kunovimbisa murau vose pamuviri mabasa. Rinowanikwawo murwiyo zvomusoro tsinga. kudzidza uropi avimbiswa uye kuramba tichiita kutungamirira masayendisiti uye vanachiremba pose.

tsananguro

Uropi kunosanganisira bhiriyoni 25 Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu, achiumba vachena nyaya. uremu muviri dzinosiyana-siyana zvichienderana bonde. Somuenzaniso, varume vane guru vanenge 1375 d vakadzi - muna 1245 avhareji nezvokuvandudzika 2% zvachose muviri uremu. Saka masayendisiti akawana kuti ufanane rezvedzidzo pakukura hakunei muuropi uremu. nekugona sei nhamba kwokubatana dzakatangwa simba. Brain masero muri Tutsinga tunofambisa mashoko utwu uye glia. Wokutanga urwu uye zvinoparadzira pulses, wechipiri - mabasa okuwedzera mabasa. Inside uropi pane mhango. Inonzi ventricles. Munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzomuviri womunhu kubva muviri pamberi pedu abve cranial tsinga. Vari aiwanzopiwa wokushanda. Total ngaubve uropi 12 yegwara tsinga. Brain pabutiro matatu goko: nyoro, nesimba, uye arachnoid. pane dzezvimwe pakati pavo. In pavo pane riparadzirwe cerebrospinal mvura. It anoita sezvo zvokunze hydrostatic CNS zvakatipoteredza uye rinopa excretion pamusoro metabolic zvigadzirwa. Shell uropi yakasiyana nechivako dzavo uye uwandu midziyo vanopfuura vari kwavari. Zvisinei, havana anodzivirira zviri kubva pamusoro yeDehenya zvokuimba kukuvara.

arachnoid MO

Arachnoidea encephali aparadzana yakasimba goko kubudikidza rirambe richibvira zvakarukwa subdural nzvimbo. Hazvina kupinda grooves uye mihoronga sezvo vascular. Zvisinei, zviri arachnoid Kamudzira nokupisa kuburikidza navo muchimiro mabhiriji. Zvinoguma subarachnoid nzvimbo, iyo izere pachena zvokunwa. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, kunyanya pamusoro mujinga uropi, pane kunyanya kunaka kukura subarachnoid dzezvimwe. Vanoumba midziyo yakadzika uye yakafara - tangi. Ivo ane cerebrospinal mvura.

Vascular (nyoro) MO

Pia mai encephali zvakananga vakafukidza wouropi. Ngachipiwe muchimiro maviri rukoko läpinäkyvä ndiro, izvo runosvika paputsika uye mihoronga. Parizvino vascular MO chromatophores - ruvara masero. Kunyanya yakawanda navo inowanikwa mujinga uropi. Uyezve, pane zviripo lymphoid, rechikepe masero, fibroblasts, uye vakawanda tsinga fibers vavo receptors. Part munyoro MO kuenda midziyo arterial (svikiro uye makuru), richisvika arterioles. Pakati kwemasvingo avo uye goko vanosarudzirwa nzvimbo Virchow - Robin. Vari vakazadzwa cerebrospinal mvura uye vane kutaurirana pamwe subarachnoid nzvimbo. Kuburikidza navo raakazoita kwakavharwa nenyama uye collagen fibrils. Ivo yakaturikwa midziyo, naro zvinhu nokuda misha yavo panguva ripple pasina kukanganisa medulla.

TMO

It kunoratidzwa kunyanya yakakwirira nesimba uye arambe achirema. In ayo mamiriro pane vazhinji kwakavharwa nenyama uye collagen fibers. Anoumba yakasimba goko pamusoro connective batana tishu.

Features

Hard goko lining ari mhango mukati dehenya. Panguva iyoyo zvinoita anoita se ayo omukati periosteum. Munzvimbo huru buri shure TMO anova zvakaoma goko yacho musana. Rinotaurawo anoumba perineural mumuhara ari cranial tsinga. Rakapinza kupinda mugomba, kuti goko inokura pamwe dzavo kumicheto. Chokuita chine mapfupa kusimba. The goko inogona nyore akaparadzana navo. Izvi zviri kukonzerwa zvinobvira nhengo dzomuviri hematoma. Munzvimbo yacho cranial nechigadziko goko fuses pamwe mafupa. Zvikurukuru simba Fusion pasika nzvimbo yeimwe ose okunze nemumwe cranial tsinga uye mbudo kubva mhango. Yomukati pose goko iri mudungwe pamwe endothelium. Izvi zvinotungamirira ayo kumeso uye pearlescent nomumvuri. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, anoti kukamurwa membranes. Pano akaumba pezvakaitwa ayo. Ivo protrude kati cheap car insurance, izvo vanoparadzaniswa zvikamu uropi. Munzvimbo siyana pezvakaitwa, uyewo mumunda kutyira mapfupa womukati cranial nechigadziko mativi pakuparadzira aumba. Vanewo yakafukidzwa endothelium. channel izvi - nayo sinuses of reDhura mai.

nejeko

Zvinonzi vaiona kupfuura nhungirwa kubva goko. Jeko kupinda munharaunda yacho longitudinal slots pakati kuruboshwe nezvakarurama hemispheres, pasina kusvika corpus callosum. Zviri mutete curved nejeko bwendefa 2 dziri machira. In paradzanisa-inobva muitiro nhema mukuru sagittal sinus. Nevakomana pamucheto kirisendi riri thickened uye petals maviri. Mavari nhema rezasi sagittal sinus.

Remubatanidzwa pamwe cerebellar zvinhu

Pamberi kirisendi mwedzi coalesces pamwe Cockscomb pamusoro chete ethmoid pfupa. Rwemberi nharaunda iri occipital muhomba protrusion zvakabatana dzomunyika snaring cerebellum. Iyewo, ichimuremera cranial fossa tende. Mariri ndipo cerebellum. gallop ake anopinda transverse slots huru muuropi. Pano, iye Anopatsanura cerebellar hemispheres ari occipital lobes. Nechemberi gallop chipo hadzina kufambiswa zvakanaka. Ikoko notch akaumba kuzorwa izvo kumberi brainstem. migove lateral gallop fused pamwe paburi micheto zviri shure transverse sinus pamusoro occipital pfupa uye okumusoro micheto pakati mapiramidhi pamusoro zvenyama pfupa. Remubatanidzwa paanopfuura kuti posterior dzinotsanagura nhengo iri achikanganisa pamberi zvikamu nerimwe divi. The sagittal Ndege ndiyo falcula. pamupendero wayo mberi akasununguka. Iye rwokuyera cerebellar hemispheres. Seri jeko iri pamwe dzomunyika occipital penyika. Unoenda guru kumucheto mugomba orifukidza tsoka mbiri kumativi ose. Mujinga aripo jeko occipital sinus.

zvimwe zvinhu

Iris umire Turkish Chigaro. Zviri bwendefa akaronga yakatambarara. At payo ndiyo buri. The ndiro ruchatambanudzirwa pamusoro pituitary fossa nokuumba padenga rayo. Pasi diaphragm ndiye pituitary shwanu. Iye nepakaburi zvakabatana kuti hypothalamus nekushandisa fanera uye makumbo. Munzvimbo yacho trigeminal dzegirini pedyo pamusoro zvenyama mapfupa reDhura rinokamukana kupinda 2 papepa. Zvinoumba mhango umo etsinga raiva pedyo nebundu (trigeminal).

Sinuses of reDhura mai

Dzinomirira sinus kuumbwa nokuda cleavage pamusoro machira TMO maviri. chepfungwa sinuses kuita sekanguva midziyo. masvingo avo inoumbwa pamahwendefa. Sinus uye chepfungwa mutsinga vane unhu hwakafanana. pamusoro kwavo mukati mudungwe pamwe endothelium. Zvichakadaro cerebral sinuses uye nemidziyo zvakasiyana rusvingo mamiriro zvakananga. Ekupedzisira vari kuchinja uye anosanganisira zvitatu akaturikidzana. Kana lumen collapses sectional mutsinga. Madziro sinuses, akavapindurawo, ndizvo Taut. Zvinoumba gobvu fibrous connective rinenge rine kwakavharwa nenyama fibers. Kana gaping sectional sinus lumen. Uyezve, venous mavharuvhu midziyo varipo. Munguva sinus in pane haasaruri matanda akawanda uye chemarata mbariro. Ivo akafukidzwa endothelium uye vakawisirwa kubva rusvingo wall. Mune dzimwe sinuses, zvinhu izvi zvakasiyana zvikuru kukura. Madziro sinuses hakusi tsandanyama okunze. Sinuses of reDhura mai vane mamiriro kubvumira ropa kuti vakasununguka ichiyerera kure pasi mugumisiro wayo giravhiti pasinei ari intracranial kumanikidzwa oscillations.

mhando

Pane zvinotevera dural venous sinuses:

1. Sinus sagittalis mukuru. Rokumusoro sagittal sinus kunosvika pamwe rokumusoro pamucheto hombe kirisendi kubva Cockscomb kusvika occipital yomukati fungidziro.
2. Sinus sagittalis akaderera. Lower sagittal sinus iri muna mukati wakasununguka pamucheto hombe nejeko. Anomanyira kupinda sinus rectus shure. Mukomboni ari mugove apo rezasi pamucheto hombe kirisendi merges pamwe pamberi unopinza cerebellar gallop.
3. Sinus rectus. Straight sinus iri muna cleavage zvichiitika kubva unobatanidza mutsetse wake jeko guru.
4. Sinus transversus. The transverse sinus iri munzvimbo kwakabva gallop cerebellum kubva pfungwa membranes.
5. Sinus occipitalis. Occipital sinus overlies pechingoro cerebellar jeko.
6. Sinus sigmoideus. Sigmoid sinus iri mune homonymous paburi iri romukati pechiso dehenya. Iye anotarira chimiro tsamba S. Munguva jugular foramen nharaunda sinus zvinoenda zvemukati tsinga.
7. Sinus cavernosus. Paarismängud cavernous sinus iri mativi ose sella.
8. Sinus sphenoparietalis. Sphenoparietal sinus yakabatana posterior vakasununguka nzvimbo pamusoro diki Bapiro sphenoid mapfupa.
9. Sinus petrosus mukuru. Upper sinuses iri pa rokumusoro kumucheto zvenyama mapfupa.
10. Sinus petrosus akaderera. Rocky sine wave repasi Nemikwidza pakati occipital nezvenyama mapfupa chepiramidhi.

Sinus sagittalis mukuru

Yokumusoro pamberi zvikamu Sine anastomose (chokuita) pamwe mutsinga ari nasal mhango. Shure Rwako kupinda transverse sinus. Kuruboshwe uye kodzero kwaro divi Makwanza kukurukurirana naye. Dzinomirira duku mhango riri pakati wokunze uye machira yomukati TMO. nhamba yavo uye kukura akasiyana chaizvo. Zvipingamupinyi kukurukura mhango sinus sagittalis nani. Vane zvakasimba membranes uye nemidziyo uropi ropa, uyewo diploic tsinga.

Sinus rectus

Straight sinus mabasa ari mhando kuenderera sinus sagittalis vakaderera shure. It rinobatanidza rwemberi chikamu sinuses inopfuura uye vakaderera. Uyezve yokumusoro sinus, mugumo pamberi kunosanganisira guru sinus rectus Vienna. Shure sinus mainozonodira pakati chikamu sinus transversus. Nzvimbo iyi inonzi sinus ndima.

Sinus transversus

sinus ichi ndicho chikamu chikuru uye zvikuru zvakawanda. On mukati pamutsipa mapfupa anorwisa yakafanana navanopinda muforo. Uyezve sinus transversus zvinoenda sigmoid sinus. Zvadaro anoenda mumuromo dzomunyika jugular mudziyo. Sinus transversus uye Sinus sigmoideus, saka kuita sezvo mukuru venous reservoirs. Panyaya iyi, kutanga kuwira mamwe sinuses zvose. Vamwe venous sinuses kupinda zvakananga, vamwe - sananga. Right uye kuruboshwe lateral sinus mberi sinus sigmoideus runoenzanirana divi. Nharaunda umo dzinoyerera munzvimbo venous sinuses sagittalis, rectus uye occipitalis, anonzi eko.

Sinus cavernosus

mamwe zita rayo - the cavernous sinus. Zita iri akagamuchira maererano pamberi vakawanda partitions. Vanopa mumwe sinus zvakakodzera mamiriro. Pashure cavernous sinus kwakaedzwa zvinoerera, ocular, trochlear, oculomotor tsinga uye carotid tsinga (zvemukati) pamwe tsitsi plexus. Pakati rworudyi uye rworuboshwe divi sinuses chipo shoko. Rinomiririrwa muchimiro mberi neshure mezhpescheristogo sinus. Somugumisiro, munzvimbo yacho sella turcica akaumba mhete vascular. Mugore cavernous sinus (mu Anterior yake) rinokundwa sinus sphenoparietalis.

Sinus petrosus vakaderera

Iye anopinda pamusoro jugular girobhu racho (mukati) tsinga. By sinus petrosus akaderera uyewo dzakakodzera labyrinth midziyo. Sinuses reDhura kuizwi vakawanda vascular makwara. On a basilar pemvura occipital pfupa, ivo vanoumba chete zita plexus. Zvinonzi inoumbwa kwemapazi venous mapazi rworudyi uye rworuboshwe sinus petrosus akaderera. Zvakabatana kuburikidza foramen magnum uye nechomukati basilar vertebrate vascular plexus.

Mukuwedzera

Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, sinuses goko chimiro anastomoses pamwe kwokunze mutsinga musoro achibatsirwa kudzidza - emissarnyh mutsinga. Uyezve, kutaurirana pamwechete sinus diploic mapazi. mutsinga idzi dziri mune cancellous mapfupa ari cranial nzvimbo uye kuerera kupinda zvachero nhumbi musoro. Saka ropa inoyerera muna matavi vascular sinuses TMT. Zvadaro inoyerera ichipinda jugular kuruboshwe uye kurudyi (dzakawanda) tsinga. Nokuda sinus anastomoses pamwe diploic nemidziyo, alumni uye plexus, ropa rinogona kuyerera ichienda pamusoro pomumbure sangano.

midziyo

Kuna reDhura kuburikidza kurudyi maburi spinous rakakodzera meningeal (paavhareji) tsinga (maxillary bazi). The temporo-parietal nharaunda TMO nayo mapazi. Mumuhara Anterior cranial fossa kusvitsa kubva Anterior tsinga ropa (trellis nebazi ocular vascular hurongwa). In TMO posterior fossa posterior dehenya mapazi meningeal, mapazi vertebral uye occipital tsinga bazi mastoid.

tsinga

The zvakaoma goko iri innervated nemapazi akasiyana. Zvikurukuru, zvaienderana bazi vagus uye trigeminal tsinga. Uyezve, tsitsi innervation zvinopa faibha. Zvinouya ari goko rakaoma pakukora rusvingo nechokunze midziyo ropa. Munzvimbo nechemberi cranial fossa reDhura anowana nhungirwa kubva optic etsinga. Bazi ake - tentorial - kunopa innervation cerebellar gallop nembezo pfungwa. Vanotenga pakati cranial fossa kuitwa yakafanira meningeal muitiro maxillary uye mandibular tsinga mugove. matavi Most anomhanyira pamwe ngarava deko. Zvisinei, The snaring yacho cerebellum, mamiriro acho ezvinhu ane siyanei. Pane zvishoma midziyo uye mapazi tsinga akaronga mairi tisingatungamirirwi.