Chakaomesesa fuma Yose

Osmium nhasi se panonyanyisa fuma panyika. mumwe chete cubic sendimita venhumbi anoyera 22.6 magiramu. Chakazarurwa 1804 maererano British kemisiti Smithson Tennant, kuburikidza Kuparadzwa nendarama aqua regia. Pashure kwemakemikari chakaitwa akaramba pellet. Izvi zvakanga zvakafanira kunyanya osmium, zviri insoluble mune alkalis uye acids.

Panonyanyisa chinhu panyika

Zviri rinokwanisa kucheneruka-chena esimbi upfu. Zvakasikwa, akawana muchimiro isotopes nomwe, vatanhatu vavo yakatsiga uye mumwe kugadzikana. Density zvishoma kupfuura iridium, iyo ine arambe achirema pamusoro 22.4 magiramu muzana cubic sendimita. Kubva zvinhu zvakawanikwa kufambidzana, panonyanyisa zvinhu munyika - zviri osmium. Nderake boka pasi chisingawanzowaniki nesimbi akadai lanthanum, yttrium, scandium, uye dzimwe lanthanides.

More inokosha kupfuura goridhe uye mangoda

Yakabereka yayo vashomashoma, vanenge zviuru gumi makirogiramu pagore. Kunyange huru kunobva osmium, Dzhezkazgan dhipoziti rine anenge matatu gumi miriyoni mugove. Market ukoshi zvisingawanzoitiki nesimbi munyika mari zvinenge 200 zvuru zvamadhora por giremu. The kunonyanyisa wakachena rokuchenesa chinhu panguva inenge manomwe muzana. Kunyange zvazvo mumarabhoritari Russian vakakwanisa kuwana wakachena 90,4 muzana, asi uwandu simbi haasi kupfuura milligrams shoma.

The arambe achirema kwenyaya kunze Nyika

Osmium hadzina mutungamiriri panonyanyisa zvinhu redu. Asi kana isu kutendeukira maziso edu muchadenga, ipapo pfungwa dzedu kuchaita kuzarura zvinhu zvakawanda zvairema kupfuura "mambo" yedu inorema zvinhu.

Chokwadi kuti zvose pane dzimwe ezvinhu anoverengeka pane Panyika. Kukomba nhamba nzvimbo zvinhu iguru kuti mashoko acho kusimba nekuumbanidzwa.

Kana tikafunga nemamiriro atomu, tinowana kuti interatomic daro munyika, vari fananei kuti tinoona muchadenga. Apo mapuraneti, nyeredzi nezvimwe miviri yokudenga vari nechokure guru zvakakwana. Mamwe anotora chinhu. Hazvina mamiriro ichi vari maatomu uye simba regiravhiti nesimba daro ichi kuderedzwa zvakakwana zvakasimba. Kusvikira "indentation" mumwe PARTICIPLE kune mumwe.

Nyuturoni nyeredzi - the superdense denga zvinhu

Usangotarira Earth redu, tinogona kuzviona yacho kupfuura kuoma nzvimbo iri Nyuturoni nyeredzi. Uyu kumbonyanya akasiyana yepasi pose vagere, mumwe inobvira mhando akatisiyira shanduka. The dhayamita zvinhu zvakadai ndizvo 10 kusvika 200 km, pane vakawanda akaenzana zuva redu kana 2-3 nguva makuru.

muviri ichi dzokunze ainyanya rinoumbwa imwe Nyuturoni chinoumba randinogara rine mvura mvura neutrons. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe zvekungofungira masayendisiti yazvinofanira kuva yakasimba mamiriro, mashoko echokwadi hakuna nhasi. Zvisinei, tinoziva kuti chinhu Nyuturoni nyeredzi, richisvika ayo redistribution compression, ipapo dzikava supernovae pamwe hombe watsemuka simba, ari hurongwa 10 ⁴³ -10 ⁴⁵ joules.

The arambe achirema ane nyeredzi akadaro akafanana Somuenzaniso, pamwe uremu Mount Everest, akaisa mukati matchbox. Zviri mazana mabhiriyoni ematani muzana cubic millimeter. Somuenzaniso, kuwedzera pachena sei kukuru arambe achirema pamusoro fuma, tinotora redu rayo uremu 5,9 × 1024 makirogiramu uye "kuchinja" munhu Nyuturoni nyeredzi.

Somugumisiro, kuti arambe achirema Pasi ndiro akaenzana kuti arambe achirema ane Nyuturoni nyeredzi, inofanira kuderedzwa kuti kukura zvake apuro, 7-10 masendimita ari dhayamita. Density yakasiyana akatisiyira zvinhu kunowedzera racho kurutivi pakati.

Germinales arambe achirema of fuma

Chokunze paiva nyeredzi rinomiririrwa ari muchimiro magnetosphere. Zvakananga pasi arambe achirema kwenyaya akatotanga asvika pamusoro pub imwe sendimita kuutio. Kwakapiwa kuziva kwedu Earth, panguva, ndiko panonyanyisa zvacho dzakaonekwa zvinhu. Asi regai kugumisa. Tinoenda kudzidza kwedu nyeredzi nedzimwe. Vari ainziwo pulsars, nokuda kudunhu kumhanya majana kumativi ayo akabatana. chakarurama iyi zvinhu siyana siyana kubva makumi mashomanana kakawanda yechipiri.

Isu uchabva mberi mukudzidza mitumbi superdense yokudenga. Zvadaro marongera ine unhu resimbi, asi Ungangove zviri zvakafanana marongerwo uye maitiro. The crystals vari shoma zvikuru pane zvatinoona zviri sekristaro yekamuri kuti pano nyaya. Gadzirisa mutsara crystals muna 1 sendimita, achadawo voisa mabhiriyoni 10 okunze. The arambe achirema ari rukoko urwu miriyoni imwe nguva kupfuura kuruvazhe. Iyi haisi nyaya nyeredzi akaoma zvikuru. Izvi zvinoteverwa marongera mupfumi neutrons vane arambe achirema iri chiuru nguva kupfuura yapfuura mumwe.

Chinoumba ari Nyuturoni nyeredzi dzaro arambe achirema

Pasi chinoumba, zviri pano kuti arambe achirema yava kwayo kunonyanyisa - kaviri kupfuura overlying rukoko. Pafuma zvomuchadenga mutumbi musimboti ine zvose kuvazivisa chepuraimari PARTICIPLE wefizikisi. Panguva iyi tasvika pakuguma rwendo kuenda chinoumba kwenyeredzi kunotsvaka panonyanyisa yacho pezvakasikwa.

Mission kunotsvaka nedzimwe arambe achirema kwenyaya zvakasikwa rinoita kupedzwa. Asi nzvimbo izere zvakavanzika uye vanzika mananara, nyeredzi, chokwadi uye mitemo.

Black Pamakomba muna Universe

Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti nhasi yatova rakashama. Buri iri dema. Zvichida izvi chakavanzika zvinhu zvinogona Vakwikwidzi nokuti chokwadi kuti panonyanyisa nyaya iri muchadenga - yenhengo dzayo. Tapota ona kuti kuipa makomba matema rakasimba zvokuti chiedza havagoni kunzvenga izvozvo. Under zvekungofungira masayendisiti, rimwe fuma wakavhomorwa kudunhu nzvimbo-nguva, chakaputirwa kuti nzvimbo vasara pakati zvokutanga inoramba.

Zvinosuruvarisa kuti chiitiko denderedzwa (anonzi muganhu, apo chiedza, uye chero chinhu pasi simba regiravhiti, havagoni kunzvenga dema buri) kutevera kufembera edu uye zvisina kunanga zvekungofungira kunobva choutsi ose particulate Rwako.

Mamwe masayendisiti vanoti vakavhengana nzvimbo uye nguva chiitiko jengachenga. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vave "Zvino" mune imwe muchadenga. Zvichida ichi ichokwadi, kunyange zvazvo zvichiita kuti mitemo iyi chinotanga mumwe nzvimbo nemitemo mitsva muchiso. The nzvimbo apo nguva yokuchinja "nzvimbo" chete nzvimbo. Location ramangwana uye kare akatsunga chete vanotevera yakasarurwa. Kufanana sarudzo yedu kuenda kuruboshwe kana kurudyi.

Vanokwanisa zvinogoneka kuti Universe kune pundutso kuti kugona nguva kufamba kuburikidza dema buri. Zvichida munguva yemberi vanhu Pasi kuchaita kuzarura chakavanzika achipfuura nguva.