Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: Biography, zvekufamba kwesayenzi, kubudirira uye zvinonakidza zvinhu

Ndiani Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich pane chikazozikamwa, yaairarama uye iro akakwanisa kuita? Munyika yesayenzi aizofanira pakarepo akaudza kuti ndiye - chinoshamisa yemasvomhu uye injiniya, uyo akatsaurira upenyu hwake hwose, asi zvakasikwa zvakawanda basa dzinobatanidzwa pakudzidzisa uye kuwadzana nevamwe, uye vaidada ndechokuti vaigara Russia.

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev: Biography

Muna 1900, Kazan akaberekwa nyika yakakurumbira yemasvomhu Mikhail Lavrentiev. baba vake aiva masvomhu mudzidzisi waishandiswa chikoro. Ipapo Alexei Lavrentiev akava Purofesa Mechanics panguva Kazan University, uye ipapo pamukova Moscow State University.

dzidzo Secondary muduku Michael ari Kazan chikoro, akapinda State University muna 1918, uye makore maviri gare gare zvaitambidzwa Moscow - the physico-kwemasvomhu fakaroti, yaakanga kudzidza muna 1922. Yapera vakasarudza kuramba dzidzo yavo chikoro uye akagara kwemakore matatu. Education akapedza kunyora nhoroondo uye kuwana mwero anoda kubhabhatidzwa muviri uye akarongeka Sciences. Pashure paizvozvo, mwedzi mitanhatu nebhizimisi rwendo kuFrance, uye kuvandudza ruzivo rwavo, kupanana ruzivo nezvavatorwa navo (Denjoy, Hadamard, Montel nevamwe).

Kubva muna 1948 kusvika 1951, yokutanga pashure Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich akadzokera kuMoscow vachibva Kiev, akava mukuru weDhipatimendi Physics uye Technology mano Moscow State University. isu Gare gare akaziva kuti dhipatimendi ichi yawedzera yakazvimirira akatanga waiisa yakawanda nesimba uye kunyange musayendisiti achizarura specialized kudzidza kuputika.

Great nomupiro yemasvomhu Lavrentyev akaita kukura zvemagetsi makombiyuta. Muna 1948, ivo Institute of nemazvo Mechanics uye Computer Engineering mu pfupi zvakasikwa wokutanga kombiyuta ivhu pasi pokudzora Lavrentiev.

Tinofanirawo vanotaurawo zvesayenzi basa Academician muNovosibirsk, apo, nekuvongwa iye, uye pasi noutungamiriri hwake akanga asika Siberian Branch of Academy of Sciences, raakanga akatungamirira kweanenge 20 makore, kutangira 1957, uye gore 1975. Papera chinguva, chikoro wemasvomhu uye hurongwa yakawanikwa, iyo kuti ndishande ane masayendisiti, pakati pavo SK Godunov, I. N. Vekua, M. M. Lavrentev, S. T. Vaskov nevamwe.

Akafa muna 1980, akavigwa Novosibirsk muSouth Cemetery.

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich: Family

Mikhail Lavrentyev akararama makore 79, muna 1928 akaroora Vera Danchakovoy Evgenievna, uyo aiva nyanzvi yezvinhu zvipenyu, uye ivo vakararama pamwe kwemakore akawanda, kusvikira muna 1980 akapfuura kure yemasvomhu uye musayendisiti. In mhuri dzavo vakanga vana vaviri: mwanakomana Michael, uyo akava yemasvomhu uye mwanasikana Faith, pamusoro anenge hapana anozivikanwa.

kudzidzisa

Pamusangano zvakanaka mudiki, musayendisiti ramangwana Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich akatanga basa rake somudzidzisi. Pandaidzidza paUniversity, akadzidzisa ari Moscow Technical School.

Muna 1927, apo Michael akadzoka kubva rwendo, akatanga kudzidzisa ari Moscow State University, zvokuita pamusoro dzidziso conformal mappings.

Kubvira muna 1929, akava cheya panguva Institute of Chemical Technology, uye muna 1931 akava purofesa Moscow State University, haina akadzivirira pamwe chinyorwa. dhigirii ake wakabudiswa pahwaro basa nesayenzi, uye gare gare akanga paakavapa mwero Dhokotera Technical Sciences, uye ipapo chiremba sciences mumuviri akarongeka. Muna 1933 akava mukuru wedhipatimendi of Moscow State University, aishanda ipapo kusvikira 1938.

Pamusana kwaari, akaumba Physico-Technical Institute, uyo aimbova mano Moscow State University. The Institute anodzidzisa zvikuru vanokwanisa vanachiremba nokuda minda zvesainzi, iyo nokukurumidza kukura. Nheyo nokushanda sangano iri hwakatamisirwa nebasa Novosibirsk State University, apo mukuru basa raiva kusika munhu simba yevanhu kwaniso, izvo zvichaita kudzidzisa ramangwana nenyanzvi.

Academy of Sciences pamusoro USSR

Muna 1939 Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev panguva kukokwa of Director Bogomoltseva akatamira Kiev uye akagadzwa mukuru Institute of Mathematics, dzidziso dzakafanana pakati Physics uye Mathematics mano State University. basa rake yakakanganiswa munguva yehondo, wakati abviswa kuna Ufa, apo akaramba mabasa ake.

Muna 1945, akadzokera Kiev uye akaramba basa rayo kusvikira 1948, kusvikira akatamira zvakare kuMoscow.

Panguva Great Patriotic War

Pasinei chokwadi kuti Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich ari shure, uye kwete akarwa mberi, akakwanisa kubatsira basa rake kwesayenzi kuhwina hondo, kuedza kuumba chombo idzva. basa rake somunhu masvomhu uye hurongwa kwave chokuita muchiuto-injiniya bhizimisi, kunyanya ne nyaya kudzivirira-ukama.

Bang dzidziso

Great basa Lavrenteva muhondo iri 1940s kwaiva kutanga bhomba yairema 1.5 makirogiramu ane hombe kwebhosvo. Saka Kurwisa ndege aigona kutakura 600 makirogiramu mabhomba uye mabhomba vashoma kupisa kuburikidza Matangi inokubvumirai akakurumidza kuparadza muvengi uye akaronga chakachinja muna Orel-Kursk.

Musimboti kuputika dzidziso yakanga kuti zvakanga zvakakodzera kuti tuzvikonzero hunonzi kusimbisa omunharaunda mutariri zvainoita chigumbuso, kana kupambwa mariri. Lavrentiev akakwanisa kutsanangura Chiitiko, uye iye akagadzira wacho hydrodynamic dudziro.

mabasa Major

A yakawanda nguva uye kutarisirwa wakayeriswa Lavrentiev Kuputika matambudziko. Kunyange muzana remakore rechi19, tinofanira kugara mugumisiro rakazarurwa (akamuboora rinokosha midziyo, colliding pamwe mhinganidzo, rinotsanangura kumhanya ndege yacho propellant magasi uye opisa chipingamupinyi). Nyanzvi zvakadzama nezvokumwe izvi uye vakawana kuti chinhu chikuru - zviri kupinda udziku kupinda chipfuro, kuti kuputika ichi zvichava zvikuru simba kuti migumisiro pakudzidza. Uyewo yakawanda hanya kwave rwakabhadharwa kuna dzidziso nemafungu refu, equations zvakavhenganiswa mhando, uye vamwe vazhinji mumunda wemasvomhu, wefizikisi uye hurongwa.

Nokuti musayendisiti, zvaikosha kwete kupfuudza ruzivo rwavo kune zvizvarwa, asiwo kuti muve mavari chido kuti zvakawanwa yavo, zvokuti nguva aipedza nevadzidzi uye muduku Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich. Huru mabasa vakanga paakavapa, zvinokosha kunyora ariega:

• Muna 1962, akasunungurwa wechiGeorgian "variational nzira iri muganhu ukoshi matambudziko."
• Muna 1965 akauya racho nzira kunzwisisa basa dzidziso.
• Muna 1980 akabudisa dzakaunganidzwa nyaya nesayenzi uye kwesayenzi mberi.
• Pamwe Keldysh, "On rakaramba munhu pose inorema zvokunwa."

Awards uye mazita

Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich wake upenyu akapiwa mutongo akawanda, kusanganisira yokutsvakurudza mabasa ayo uye kubudirira mune masvomhu uye wefizikisi. Muna 1944 musayendisiti vakagamuchira Order of Patriotic War, 2 dhigirii, sezvakaita zvakawanda aivabatsira kukunda ndima muvengi.

Muna 1946 akanga paakavapa ari Stalin Prize nekuda kukura nzira nokuda nekugadzirisa matambudziko nonlinear, muna 1949, akanga kamwe zvakare paakavapa mubayiro ichi, asi kudzidza uye kutsvakurudza hydrodynamics.

Akanga akaita honorary mugari reNovosibirsk Akademgorodok kubva nheyo, uye chakabereka soro mubayiro kweFrance. Kashanu Mikhail Alekseevich paakavapa murayiro Lenin mana Red Banner of Labor, kamwe paakavapa ari Lenin Prize uye menduru. University nokuda kubudirira kwake masvomhu uye hurongwa, rinova soro mubayiro yeRussian Academy of Sciences uye paakavapa rimwe gore kubva 1959.

Outdoor mabasa nezvainoita zvesekondari

Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev nguva dzose yakaedza pamwe nedzimwe nyanzvi vatorwa, kuwedzera uye kusimbisa ukama dzakawanda. Kwete kamwe akaronga musangano, aiva mumiririri USSR nhume pamisangano siyana uye forum. Asi kutendeseka yayo munyika dzakawanda dzesayenzi chokuti iye akatungamirira kwemakore masere neInternational kwemasvomhu Union.

Nemhaka basa ravo, zvedzidzo madhigirii uye dhigirii Lavrentev Mihail Alekseevich aigona kubatsira kutanga zvesekondari, uye muzvikoro zvakawanda, kusanganisira Novosibirsk, akatanga kubata makwikwi uye zvikoro chirimo zvikasikwa nokuda mathematicians yemberi uye programmers. First Specialised Chikoro Physics uye Mathematics yakavhurwa pa NSU.

ndangariro

Yemasvomhu Mihail Alekseevich Lavrentev akagashira mibayiro wandei unokosha yakakwirira, mukuwedzera, achikudzwa ake ainzi migwagwa Dolgoprudny muna Kazan, ari prospectus uye Institute of Hydrodynamics, kuchikoro panguva State University reNovosibirsk. Uyewo pakutsvakurudza mudziyo uye gomo twi of Pamir uye Altai.

Pakuyeuka academician raiva chirangaridzo Dombo iri kuvaka institute, uyewo shongwe muna Akademgorodok muNovosibirsk. It akasikwa muvezi Paramonov, akaita yendarira akaisa muna 1988, kunyange zvazvo vakuru guta uye vaiona akasarudza nzira unprofessional uye kusaina nemvumo kumisa. Asi Monument achiri kugadzirwa uye yakaiswa, uye masimba guta aifanira nayo.

In mhedziso

Mikhail Lavrentiev aiva akakurumbira musayendisiti-yemasvomhu uyo akaratidza rudo sayenzi chaiwo kubva vaduku, kusanganisira Vanamakanika, wefizikisi uye masvomhu. Nechekare mumakore 25 akanga paakavapa basa rake mumunda masvomhu, uye mumakore 27 nyaya yake yakabudiswa French inonzi Academy of Sciences, apo akadzidzisa kwemwedzi mitanhatu.

Mumakore 28 akashanda muSoviet nhume kuna International Congress of Mathematicians, uye muna 29 akava mukuru weDhipatimendi Mathematics.

Chose ake upenyu kudzidza nesayenzi, uye vadzidzi vake vakava anozivikanwa masayendisiti munyika. Akanyora anopfuura 500 mabasa, uye munzira dzakawanda havana kuzivikanwa mukufamba emakore okukura kwenyika nesayenzi zvakadai obalstyah sezvo masvomhu uye hurongwa. Asi hazvina chete titsaukire sayenzi izvi, vachiedza kunzwisisa zvakasikwa pachishandiswa kuongorora guru mafungu egungwa (Tsunami), mhaka moto, vachitsvaka nzira kudzivisa kusvibiswa nzizi.

Mumwe munhu akafunga kuti panguva yake musayendisiti Lavrentyev sechirango vamwe infraction akatumwa Novosibirsk kuti kukura nharaunda. Asi kana vakanyora kana vanoshamwaridzana ndangariro akanga asina mitemo yakadaro. Pasina hurumende rutsigiro, uye chido chikuru kuumba rokumabvazuva nharaunda raisazova Huru kwakadaro uye kufamba kuvakwa mumataundi kwesayenzi, izvo kunyange nhasi inoramba mumwe chikuru nzvimbo nesayenzi.