Singapore miracle. Munyori wezvishamiso zvekusimudzira zveSingapore

Singapore yakawana rusununguko rwayo muna 1965. Panguva ino, nyika yechitsuwa iyi yaiva yeboka revarombo varombo uye rakaoma zvikuru munyika. Nyika haina nzvimbo huru yekuchengetedza zviwanikwa, mvura yakachena-uye iyo yakabva kuMalaysia. Chishamiso cheSingapore ndechokuti nhasi guta guru rehurumende rinogona kuenzaniswa neNew York muAmerica. Kutenda kuhutano hwakanaka hweHurumende yeRepublic, hupfumi hwekona iyi yepasi yakazaruka munguva pfupi.

Ndiani akatsiva Singapore?

Singapore chishamiso - kukosha kweHurezidhendi wenyika, Lee Kuan Y. Akaberekwa muna 1923, akadzidza munyika yake yekuzvarwa uye akapedza kudzidza kubva kuCambridge muBritain. Muna 1949, mushure mokudzokera kunyika yekwavo, Li akazvipira pachake kumutemo. Akanga ari mutora nguva dzose mubato rehurumende. Mumakore kubva muna 1959 kusvika muna 1990, akashanda semutungamiriri wehurumende. Yaiva pasi pehutungamiri hwemurume mukuru uyu nyika yakakwanisa kutama kubva kune imwe nyika ye "nyika yechitatu" kusvika kune dzimwe nyika dzakapfuma. Pamwoyo wezvisarudzo zvisiri izvo zvehutungamiriri-sangano vanoisa chido chekusimudzira nyika panguva yekutambura kwevanhu vanobudirira uye vanobudirira.

Chii chaive chikonzero chekusimbiswa kwehurumende?

Chakavanzika cheSingapore chishamiso chakavanzwa nenzira yakasiyana-siyana yaLee Kuan Yew kumusangano wenyika. Akasimbisa kuti vese vagari vehurumende vari kunyanya kufarira kukura kwavo pachavo uye mari yakawanda. Nyaya yacho yakatorwawo nemutemo wekusarudzwa kwezvisikwa, izvo mumasikirwo anoita basa rinokosha. Iko pfungwa yezvidzidzo pasi pekunyora kwaLee yakagara pamusana pekushanduka kwakakosha. Akabvumira kuchinja mashamba, maererano nekuti vazhinji vevakadzi vakangwara nevakadzidza havambowani uye havazobereki vana. Zvakafanana nechakaitika ichi, varume vakabudirira vakapa zvakanyanya kune varombo kana nzvimbo-vakadzidza maMalasia. Vakuru vehurumende vakasarudza kuvaka chikonzero chakasimba chekusimudzirwa nekugadzirwa kwemhuri dzakangwara dzichapa hupenyu kune chizvarwa chine utano uye chinonzwisisika, icho munguva yemberi chichava nemigumisiro inofadza kuhupfumi sezvakazara.

Masangano Okuroorana - Nheyo dzeZheyo

Pasi peutungamiri vehurumende, mapurisa maviri makuru ekuroorana akaumbwa, akaita kuti rupo rwavo muSingapore chishamiso chezvemari. Basa guru remasangano nderokubatanidza varume nevakadzi vehutano hwakanaka uye hwemagariro evanhu. Imwe yehurumende iri kushanda nhasi, kubatsira vechidiki vepfungwa-kuumba mhuri dzakanaka. Yechipiri inobatsira vamwe vechidiki munyika. Kusarudzwa kwevamwe vakabatana kwakaitwa nekufunga nezvehupenyu hwemunhu wese. Vashandi vemasangano vakaronga misangano yega, vakasika mamiriro ose ekutungamira kwakanaka kwehukama. Mushure mekunyorwa kwekuroora mhuri yechidiki yakagamuchira kukurudzirwa kubva kuhurumende nenzira yechikwereti cheimba. Vakadzi vasina kudzidza vachidzorera kugadzirisa nyaya yeimba yakagamuchirwa kuti iite muviri. Vamiririri vepamusoro-soro venyika, pane zvinopesana, vakakurudzirwa pakuberekwa kwomwana.

Zvose zvinotanga kubva paudiki

Chishamiso cheSingapore chakagoneka kwete kwete nekuda kwekuumbwa kwezvisungo zvitsva. Akafanotungamirirwa nehuwandu hwekugadzirisa mune dzidzo. Zvakasarudzwa kupa vana vose saizvozvo. Pakati pezvikoro zvevana uye chikoro chechikoro chakanga chisina kugovana. Gore roga roga, chikoro chega chega chakaongororwa IQ, chakange chakarongedzwa nesayenzi masayendisiti. Vana avo vakaratidza zvikamu zvakanakisisa vakazove vadzidzi vechikoro chakanaka munyika Raffles. Yaiva pano iyo hutungamiri hwemamiriro ehupfumi hwehurumende hwakadzidziswa. Iyi nzira yakapa nyika ine vashandi vakangwara. Pane urombo hwevadzidzisi vane chikwata chepakati nepasi.

Nzira yakaoma yakapa chiitiko chinoshamisa

Chishamiso cheSingapore Lee Kuan Yew chakasika zvishoma nezvishoma. Uye yakava chikonzero chechisikigo chekuoma kwakaoma kune kushandurwa kwerudzi, umo mawanda mazhinji ezvimwe zvinhu akatorwa munyaya. Dzidzo yezuva rekudzidzira yakabereka michero. Izvo zvino hurumende inobata nzvimbo yekutanga munyika yose maererano nehutano hwekuvandudza kweunyanzvi. Kugara kwechidiki kwevechidiki vane dzidzo yakanaka uye njere kunogutsikana nekufambira mberi kwehurumende. Sangano rekudzokororazve vagari venyika rakaunza kuderedzwa kwehupombwe, sezvo mhirizhonga uye kubudirira zvisingabvumirane.

Chii chinonzi simba rekuvakwa pamusoro?

Chishamiso chekunze kweSingapore uye zvinokonzera zvinokonzerwa nehutongi hutongi hutsika hunotungamirirwa nekutonga kwemutemo, izvo zvakadzivisa kukanganisa kwakadai sekushaya kwezvinhu zvakasikwa, mineral uye mvura yakachena. Nhamo dzepasi rose muna 1998 uye 2001 haina kukuvadza nyika nekuda kwekukura kwayo kunoshamisa. Kuteerera kusingagumi kumutemo kunogamuchirwa munyika. Chero kukanganisa kwepamutemo kunoreva kushanda kwakakwana kune chikamu chemhosva, uyo ane hutano hwemagariro haaiti nenyaya munyaya iyi. Pamwoyo wesangano reSingapan ndiyo kurairirwa pane imwe neimwe yevanhu. Kuranga mhuri kunowanikwa pamaitiro emitemo mitatu panguva imwechete: ChiChina, Malay uye Indian. Vagari veSingapore vane unhu hwakasiyana-siyana, hwakadai sehupamhi hwehutano uye hunyengeri, bhizimusi rebhizimisi uye kutsvaka kubudirira. "Baba" veSingapore chishamiso vakanyora chimwe chinhu chevanhu - pakuteerera kwake. Sangano rezvemitemo, kurongeka uye kubudirira kwemari kunobva pane zvetsika.

Global inoshanduka pahuwandu hwehupfumi

Munyori weSingapore chishamiso, Lee Kuan Yew haana kungogadzirisa hurumende. Panguva yekutonga kwake, zvakasarudzwa kuumba bhizinesi rekuchenesa mafuta. Kubatana kwakasimbiswa neBrunei neIndonesia, izvo, kunyange zvazvo vaibatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kwemafuta, asi havagoni kuzvigadzirisa zvakasununguka uye zvine chimiro. Kuti ishandise purojekiti, makambani makuru pasi pose akakokwa. Izvo zvaive kuburikidza nehutano hwavo, ruzivo uye hukama hwakakonzerwa nehuwandu hwehuwandu hwekugadzira mafuta hunovakwa nhasi. Pakarepo mushure mekupedzisira kwechikamu chehupfumi, kuvaka kwechikepe chekuSingapore chakatangwa, icho chave chiripo vana nhasi.

Kubudirira kushanda mumativi ose ehupfumi

Muvambi weSingapore chishamiso chakatanga kuvaka nekufambisa kwebhuku rekudenga, mabhengi, magetsi, zvekutengeserana nekushanyisa. Izvo zvose zvakava izvo zvaidiwa kuitira kubwinya kweSingapore yemazuva ano. Nyika, iyo yakanga yatova nekwereti muma1970, ikozvino ine mari ye $ 300 mabhiriyoni kunze kwenyika. Uyezve, hurumende inoda kusvika mabhiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora ezvigadzirwa zvemangwana. Panharaunda yeSingapore, ine vanhu vanenge mamiriyoni 4 evanhu, vanorarama makumi mashanu emamiriyoni uye mabhiriyoniyoni. Singapore chishamiso, Lee Kuan Yew uyo akashanda upenyu hwake hwose nhasi anonzi muenzaniso kune dzimwe nyika dzenyika. Pasinei nekuti Lee iye zvino ari kupera mutirano, anoramba ari mushumiri-mupi wezano uye ane zita rinodada remutungamiri uye baba vorudzi.

Kukurudzira vatengesi uye kurwisa uori

Maererano na Lee Kuan Yew, chishamiso chekuSingapore chishamiso chinogona kuonekwa nekuda kwekushanda kwevatengesi munyika muno munzira dzose dzinogona. Hurumende yakabuda kunze kweganda kuti ibatsire vatorwa kuziva mabasa avo. Maererano nedzimwe sarudzo, vatengesi vemamwe nyika vanochengetedza mabhiriyoni mazana mashanu emadhora emabhanga enyika. Nhasi, GDP yenyika inoenzana nemadhora makumi mashanu nemakumi matanhatu nemadhora. Icho chiri pane ichi chiratidzo chokuti nyika inenge kaviri yakabuda muSaudi Arabia, Britain, Germany uye kunyange America. Pamberi pehurumende uye nehuwandu hwekuvandudza kwehuwandu hwevanhu. Chikamu chinokosha chenhoroondo yehurumende yechitsuwa chinogona kunzi kurwisana nehuori. Zviremera zvakanyanyisa nzira dzekuita zvisarudzo uye kuderedza huwandu hwemvumo nemakambisi. Izwi rechirango chemhosva nekuda kwehofu rakawedzera zvikuru. Ikoko kwakanga kune kuwedzera kwemasimba ekuchengetedzwa kwemitemo. Kuongorora, somuenzaniso, zvino kunogona kutanga iko nekuda kwehupenyu kwete nenzira dzemhuri dzevakuru vakuru.

Kubatanidzwa muNyika yeBanese System

Izvo zvishamiso zvekuSingapore zvemunyika, Lee Kuan Yew, zvakanga zvisingabatanidzi munyika yose banking system. Nzvimbo yekambani yezvemari yakapiwa nyika nokuda kwekuti yakagoneka maawa makumi maviri nemaawa ekubhadhara. Nyika yacho yaitora niche yakanga isina kumbove isina. Nokudaro, mari kubva kuZurich, iyo mabhenji ayo akazaruka kusvika 9 am, inotungamirirwa zvakare kuFrankfurt, uye zvakare kuLondon. Mushure mekuvharwa kwebhandi reZurich panguva yekudya kwemasikati uye gare gare kuguma kwebasa rezvemari muFrankfurt neLondon, relay inotora inotora kuNew York, iyo inotsiviwa neSan Francisco. Pamusana pezvakaitika panguva yekubva kwekuvhara mabhandi muSan Francisco uye kusvika 9 am muSwitzerland, nyika yezvemari yakanga yakarara kare. Nhasi iyi niche ndeyemabhangi ebhengi eSingapore. Iyi nzira yekusimudzirwa kwemari yemari yakaita kuti nyika isati iine hurukuro yemari munharaunda yacho, asi yakapawo nzvimbo yakakodzera munharaunda yenyika. Maererano nenyanzvi, muSingapore chishamiso chezvemari inongoratidziro yekuti hutano hunobudirira hunofanira kuvakwa sei.

Chii chinoitwa neSingapore nhasi?

Kubva muna 1965, imwe yenyika dzakashata zvikuru munyika yakave iyo nyika yakapfuma kwazvo. Zvose zvinogona kuonekwa nemunhu wese nhasi zvakagadzirwa nevaSingapore chete nemasimba avo uye mazano. Nzvimbo yenyika yezvemari, yakagadzirwa nenzira yepamusoro-tech, inoratidzika nehuthena hwakachena. Kuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza kunoratidzwa mune imwe nhamba yemotokari. Chikonzero chekushayikwa kwemigwagwa yemigwagwa yakavanzwa mukudhura kwepamusoro kwemotokari uye mutengo wekuwana mvumo yekushanda kutakura. Zvinhu zvinonakidza, zvichiita kuti upenyu hwevagari venyika huve nani, hunoonekwa kwose kwose. Chii chinongomira pamabhenji emakona, zvichibvumira mumwe agere pasi kuti aone zvakaenzana nhamba yekuswedera kutakura. Kune zvikwereti zvakaoma munyika. Bhuku refodya kunze kwehwindo rinogona kukanganisa mutadzi anenge $ 15,000. Haisi urombo hwenyika bedzi, asi zvikamu zvose zvehupenyu hwake zvinotarisa zvisina chazvino.