Anoyera uwandu mashoko

Kokutanga okuti "mashoko" kwave wakatangwa nevazivi vekare uye kwainge informatio - kunyatsotsanangura, mharidzo, ruzivo. Zvisinei, mune zvedzidzo yeChina vachiri kuramba gakava pamusoro yakarurama uye kwakakwana kupfuura tsanangudzo shoko. Somuenzaniso, musayendisiti Klod Shennon, uyo nheyo dzidziso mashoko, inokurukura kuti mashoko - iri filmed Kusanyatsoziva nyaya ruzivo pamusoro chinhu. Nyore tsananguro "ruzivo" rinonzwika saka - ndiwo mwero ruzivo pamusoro chinhu.

Kuti huwandu mashoko unofanira kuva aiziva kupatsanura mashoko zviyero izvi. Kune zviyero zvitatu mashoko: syntactic, kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro uye pragmatic. Ngatimboongororai rimwe nerimwe nechiyero nomumwe:

1. A nemarongerwo chiito inoshanda pamwe data, regai anoratidza kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chokuita chinhu. chiito ichi anoshanda nhau mhando, nzira mharidzo uye Coding, hutachiwana uye kukurumidza mashoko kugadzira.

Panyaya iyi, nechiyero ndiyo chitsama mashoko - uwandu ndangariro hunodiwa kuti achengetere chinhu Data. Information vanokwanisa akaenzana nokuwanda digits ose binary ino naro kukurukurirana zviri coded, uye unotaurwa matomu.

Kuti huwandu syntactic mashoko, vanotaura pfungwa entropy - zviyero nechokwadi gadziriro wehurumende - kureva kuti, zivo yedu pamusoro mamiriro okunze ayo uye mamiriro ezvinhu rose. Zvino uwandu mashoko - kuchinja munyika anoyera nechokwadi, ipapo kuchinja (kuwedzera kana kudzikisa) kuti entropy.

2. kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro chiyero yaishandiswa kuona kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro kugutsikana Data neshamwari mashoko runoenzanirana parameters ari aishandisa mashoko vachikwanisa dzinoona mashoko. Pfungwa iyi yave kunzi User thesaurus. By thesaurus kunzwisisa kuisa mashoko pamusoro chinhu ane hurongwa kana user. The kunonyanyisa kuwanda mashoko kubva pfungwa nemaonero semantics vangava nyaya apo rose huwandu date kunonzwisisika kuti rokushandisa kana gadziriro - rinogona kugadziriswa Via huripo thesaurus - uye nokudaro ari hama pfungwa.

3. Pragmatic mashoko chiyero anoyera kukosha mashoko kuzadzisa imwe chinangwa. Pfungwa iyi ndiyo hama uye chokuita zvakananga vachikwanisa wegadziriro kana inodzidzisa kushandisa yakananga mari mashoko kune imwe nzvimbo kunetseka. Naizvozvo, zvinokurudzirwa kuyera mashoko kubva pragmatic nemaonero, saizvozvo dzakabatana sezvo chinangwa basa.

Pakazosvika Qualitative unhu mashoko zvinosanganisira zvinotevera zviratidzi:

- representativeness - yakarurama vakasarudzwa uye mharidzo mashoko nokuda Zvakanyanya Kunaka Panguva Yepamuviri kuratidzwa zvechadenga chinhu.

- nouchapupu - nhamba iri kupindirana kwemuvanzrira wezvirevo nemabviro mashoko ari kuyerwa kuti bhuku Data kuitwa kupatsanurwa.

- kukwana - pamberi zvishoma kunodiwa kuzadzisa chinangwa romukova kuridza runhare ruzivo.

- Availability - kuurayiwa nzira pakugamuchira uye unoponesa anoishandisa kana hurongwa Data.

- Relevance - ukuru pakuchengetedza kukosha mashoko kubva chionekeso kusvikira vakagadzirira kushandisa.

- Timeliness - aibuda mashoko mukati zvaida nguva.

- Akarurama - pakuti mashoko chaiwo mamiriro chinhu.

- rakavimbika - mano mashoko Data anoratidza chaiye-nyika anoramba pamwe yamunenge kururama.

- kuenderera - mashoko pfuma kuti unobvumira kupindura kuchinja nguva yepakutanga data, apo kuramba zvinodiwa zvakarurama.

Yeuka, mashoko kunokosha chaizvo panguva iyoyo, saka unofanira kuziva nezvazvo napo!