Kuvakwa Nizhne-Bureya HPP, Amur Oblast

Mumakore achangopfuura, nokushingaira kuva Far Eastern kumatunhu, kwakasarudzwa kuRussia. Chinhu chokutanga kuitwa chuma kutsigirwa upenyu uye kweiyi kukura - ndiwo rudzi izere nokuparadzirwa magetsi. Zvinangwa izvi, muna Amur mudunhu akavaka Hydroelectric, riri pamusoro Bureya River. Muna 2003, yakanga akatuma Bureya chiteshi, muna 2016 zvinonzi vakaronga nokutumwa pamusoro Nizhne-Bureya HPP.

Nhoroondo 30-ies

Muna 1932, remakore yokupedzisira kunge akatanga kutsvakurudza zvinogona Bureya River muna Amur mudunhu. Ipapo tsvakurudzo chaiitirwa ne Institute "Hydroproject". It akagurwa tanera kuongorora, rakavhurwa panguva kutanga wokutanga kutotanga Bureysky Pazvinoitika. Nokuti Lower Bureya HPP rinorondedzerwa Doldykanskom kunangiswa, dislocation riri 950 metres pamusoro confluence yorwizi Doldykan muna Bureya.

Yokutanga hwokugadzira Chirongwa akasikwa 1959, uye muna 1986 anotenderwa izvozvo. Implementation makuru-pamwero inokosha kuvakwa kwave chando chokuita yezwi hwenyika, iro rakatanga kuparara USSR. Pakati yakaronga zviitwa kunze chete kuti Resettlement vanhu kubva munzvimbo nemafashamo.

HPP ndiyo yakabva 2000s

Kuvakwa Nizhne-Bureya HPP hunoramba uchivandudzwa muna 2007, asi basa racho raida kugadziriswa. Zano yepakutanga wakaradzikwa kuisa zvitatu hydropower vamapoka 107 MW, asi dzakashandisa ano nezvaanogona hunodiwa kuwedzera nhamba yavo mana, asi zvishoma simba (80 MW). Zvakanga akasarudzawo kutsiva yevhu mai chirongwa kurudyi bhanga chesamende pamadziro. Nani uye dzimwe nhengo chepakutanga ubate. kuchinja zvose uye kufarirwa rakapera muna 2011, uye panguva imwecheteyo, kuvaka kwakatanga.

patani Features

The zvachose Kureba mutsetse kufurirwa mberi Nizhne-Bureya chiteshi (Amur nharaunda, Bureysky dunhu) koda 746 metres, kureba kunonyanyisa pfungwa - mamita 42. Mujinga mai mvura permeability kunosimbiswa Vongai hurongwa nevhu-uye cementing chifukidziro.

Kuti aite mvura mai kuvakwa zvakasimba spillway urefu 123 metres uye kukwirira 47,75 mamita. Yakagadzirirwa uye kuvakwa spillway pamusoro mhando (5 inokwana zviyero) iyo inogona kuvharwa muzvikamu achishandisa mavharuvhu pamwe hydraulic actuators. Kune kugadzira dzevhudzi, manipulations ayo kunze achishandisa imwe gantry kondo. The simba pamusoro pauri mvura kuti richadzimwa mukati-akavaka kongiri Kudzikamisa bheseni ane kureba 88 mamita.

Kurudyi norwizi Bureya rwizi mubhedha kuvakwa chiteshi chivakwa. Its kureba anenge 97 metres, nekukwirira - vanenge 58 mamita. Kuti asimbise madziro mabasa pamusoro kugadzwa kuva ukaramba rusvingo kongiri (100 metres urefu). Hydroelectric simba chirimwa zvichabviswa vakagadzirira pamwe ina hydraulic dzakabatana uye emagetsi. Kuisa midziyo achishandisa panhongonya Cranes. Vachikwanisa of Nizhne-Bureya HPP - 1380 cubic metres mvura pa wechipiri. Issuance dzemagetsi richava pamusoro simba pemitsara 220 KW pa substations maviri: Arkhara uye Raichihinsk. Uwandu vashandi kuvakwa munguva kupera iri vakaronga kuti vanhu 2300.

Dam

Nizhnebureyskaya Dam achiumbwa pamwe pakuguma kufurirwa kuvakwa. Kushandisika chinzvimbo achava mamiriyoni 77 cubic metres, uye zvachose - bhiriyoni 2,034 cubic metres mvura. Kureba dura - 90 makiromita uye vaifanira upamhi - 5 makiromita, avhareji udzamu ndiyo 13 mamita. Zvinonzi aronga kuti mvura Exchange chichaitwa kamwe pakarenda mwedzi. Zvinonzi aronga kuti zvinodiwa dura atanga zvikamu zvose Bureya simba Pazvinoitika kunoitika mukati mashanu matanhatu mazuva.

Pasi mafashamo awana Pasati 1,000 hectares kuti munda uye anenge 9.000 hectares nemasango. On nemisha pangozi mafashamo haina akafukidzwa. Kusvikira kushanda ravarwi yainorongwa lesoochistka ramangwana Dam bheseni.

Implementation zano

Munguva kubva 2011 kusvika 2015 rwaiitwa mabasa makuru:

• The repamutemo JSC "Nizhne-Bureya HPP".
• Akachera gomba huru hurongwa veboka ravarwi.
• 3 wakaitwa motokari mugwagwa akataura mukuru-voltage simba mutsetse.
• It akavaka chesamende chirimwa.
• Akavaka chikuru kuvakwa Hydroelectric simba zvinomera.
• Akavaka chokugara kwezvivako kweguta rwakapoteredza yemapurisa.
• Pakazopera 2015 rakaitirwa huru pakuvaka mabasa, kusanganisira kuvakwa hydro-turbines uye hydro zvivako pamwe kuisa hwaro kuti hydraulic michina.
• Kuvaka embankment dhamu rwizi.

Chikonzero kuvaka

Projected vanokwanisa of Lower Bureya Hydroelectric simba ravarwi 320 MW, paavhareji goho pagore - mabhiriyoni 1,65 KW / h, muchando chawakaronga anokwanisa 147 MW. Kuvakwa simba chirimwa riri kukonzerwa kudiwa kururamisa kwemashifiti diurnal discharges zvikuru simba Bureya HPP kushanda nechokumusoro kwerwizi kubva kuna Amur River. Izvi haambotauri chimbichimbi nokufamba mvura dhigiri yepazasi dura (pasi pemvura).

Neve Lower Bureya yemapurisa magetsi kuchabudirira zvinodiwa midziyo "Transneft", uye zvakawanda zvakananga - pamusoro pakuvaka mafuta Mapaipi "Eastern kuSiberia - Pacific Ocean", mumugodhi wemarasha, kuti cosmodrome "East". Electricity zvinoberekwa yemapurisa, achaponesa kupisa vanenge 700 matani mafuta pagore.

Amur nharaunda, Bureysky nharaunda zvikurukuru, somugumisiro kuvakwa nhepfenyuro Pazvinoitika kwezvivako kuchawedzera mikana kukura, kuvandudza mararamiro vakawanda, achaita kukwezva dzokuwedzera upfumi uye nechokwadi kudirana vashandi vatsva.

zvipenyu nemigumisiro

Places apo Lower Bureya HPP - iri rinenge isina kumbobatwa hunhu. Around kuvhiringidzwa mubasa zvipenyu nezvakazvipoteredza ezvinhu ari yakawanda gakava, veko vanoti zvachinja. Migumisiro achazivikanwa chete munguva yemberi iri kure.

Kana afunge simba pachikuva vakanga akaronga uye kuitwa kwezvakatipoteredza kudzivirira matanho. The mafashamo mapazi Lower Bureyskaya HPP vakanga aoma zapovedniks "Irkun Tract", "Zheludinsky". kuchengeterwa itsva "Bureysky" akasikwa kudzikamisa kufirwa inochengetedzwa nzvimbo mundima. Iye vakabatana vaviri kuchengeterwa uye mamwe nzvimbo mudondo nzvimbo okumusoro dziva Bureyskaya Pazvinoitika hydropower miti. The zvachose nzvimbo kuchengeterwa "Bureysky" riri 132 zviuru hectares.

Muna 2015, basa rakanga akatakurwa pamusoro kuchinjwa nemamwe specimens ose kasvisto uye Fauna of nemafashamo nzvimbo. Yuri Gafarov, mumwe dzezvakatipoteredza ariita mukushanda kuti Resettlement pakati kasvisto uye miti nemhuka zvakazonaka, akati matendere dzakavakwa kuti Mandarin duck uye mhuri Far Eastern shuramurove. Vakanga vaita chando uye zvokudya nokuda mhuka, wakasimwa vazhinji nemamwe miti kubva zvikazara nzvimbo iri mundima chengetedza itsva.

mberi basa

Maererano Pao RusHydro, nokuti nguva kune vakaronga kugadzwa Hydroelectric emagetsi, uyewo akaramba kuvaka dhamu. Muna June 2016 pakakwirira mai iri 131 metres pamusoro pegungwa, purojekiti pamwero - 140 metres. Nokuti kuvakwa mai tsinga pamwe semirwi basa vari kunze pasina achidzikisa pandaida uye kugadzirisa muchando mwaka. For makomba Drilling mu kuisa inoungana yechando akashandisa kuchera rigs uye kudziyisa maindasitiri namano. Amur frosts haana kupembedza midziyo uye vanhu, asi vakaronga basa rakanga raitwa nguva dzose munguva.

Maererano S. Nikulin, injiniya okuwana uye michina dhipatimendi wekambani "Nizhne-Bureya HPP", akati August 2016, ose mabasa vari maererano vakaronga papurogiramu. Zvikurukuru, akati kuti kare hwavapo impeller akaita mortgages kuti hydraulic dzakabatana uye iiswe turbine Starter. Maererano naye, kufambira mberi kwebasa kunoitika mukati kunyatsoteerera nguva puranga, apo mhanya hapana nzvimbo. Somunhu injiniya yakati kuti zvose hydraulic dzakabatana ikodzere nodes zvinoda kusvika mutengesi wacho nemagadzirirwo, zvose zvakamisa hurongwa aenderane pamwe isina maburi. Akaratidza chivimbo chokuti kuitika yokutanga muna Far Eastern simba hurongwa achauya kare muna 2016. Zvisinei, nokuda dambudziko uye kuderedzwa mari vamwe zvinhu, PJSC RusHydro anotaurawo kugona kumhanya kuchinjwa yeredhiyo 2017.

Pindana Bureya River kwakaitika April 19, 2016, mvura Rwako zvino achipfuura spillway Hydroelectric hurongwa. Kuzvipira kongiri hurongwa pakuvaka ravarwi zvevakomana vanofungidzirwa pa 90%.

dzinonakidza zvinhu

Tab Nizhne-Bureya HPP akauya V. V. Putin, uye sechiratidzo yakanaka yokutanga kongiri achidira akakanda wristwatch. Vatsvene Bishop Lucian ratanga kuvakwa, iye akapa shongwe vavaki kukura ngirozi yendarama, iyo zvino akagadzwa panguva yakakwirira Hydroelectric simba, kuva chiratidzo yokuvakira uye mudziviriri, uye gare gare yose Pazvinoitika.

To musi, nhepfenyuro zvakaoma pamusoro Bureya River - chikuru chirongwa mune post-Soviet Russia, yakavakwa pasina kuvimba nhaka pakati USSR, iyo inoratidza zvinogona renyika uye ayo pangave chaidzo. Vakawanda vave munzvimbo kushanda munzvimbo inokurudzirwa kushanyira nzvimbo basa ichatanga nokukurumidza Nizhne-Bureya HPP. Address ari Amur nharaunda: Bureysky nharaunda Bureysky musha, dunhu Gidrostroiteley, Kuvaka 2, tsamba 3.