Charter - gwaro repamutemo

Maererano noMutemo Dictionary, kuti Charter - gwaro kana dzakatevedzana zvinyorwa zvemitemo, iyo kutaura zvinodiwa kodzero evanhu strata. The makopi mapepa aya rokutanga akazviratidza kuMiddle Ages.

vakaita Magna Carta sei?

Mazana makore colonists American asati vakatanga kurwisana korona yeBritain, Chirungu kwamachinda akaita nhamba mitemo kuti kushomeka kwesimba noudzvinyiriri mumongi - King Dzhona Bezzemelnogo. Magna Carta, kana Great Charter, akasaina muna 1215, pakutanga akapa kodzero vepamusoro. Gare gare musi ayo hwaro kwave mitemo vakawanda siyana dzenyika, iyo pave dzinokosha kodzero. Magna Carta, zviri nhoroondo rikaratidzwa kuti agumise peutongi hweudzvanyiriri hurumende, iro musi kusaina zvinoisa pasi pemurairo zvimwe mitoro.

The King John vakatanga ukama yakaoma pamwe Pope Innocent III, uyo aiva makakatanwa mufananidzo uye aida kuva soro mukurumbira pakati European madzimambo. Zvichitevera kugadzwa Stefana Lengtona nezvenzvimbo weCanterbury muna 1207, Korol Dzhon Lackland akava mambo wokutanga uyo akanga muchechi kubva mukereke. Achipindura, gavhuna akatanga uraire mutero kuti vafundisi uye nyika chechi vakasarudzwa. Kunyange zvisinganyanyi akakurumbira mambo akanga pakati NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi, akanga pasi zvikuru mitero kuripa weuto ayo kukundwa. Muna 1214, Korol Dzhon akaedza kukunda France, uye pashure ane kundikana kuedza arayira Chirungu kwamachinda kubhadhara mari nokuda kwehondo, izvo zvakakonzera mhirizhonga muna 1215.

baronial nyaya

Kuti agumise eChechi mambo, Langton uye vanopandukira NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi boka co-akasikwa "baronial nyaya", iro akazova Magna Carta. Achityira kuti kumukira pachamera kuva hondo, John akamanikidzwa kubvuma kuti zvaakaita June 15, 1215, zvichiita Magna Carta rokutanga kunyorwa European remitemo. Zvisinei, vhiki shomanana gare gare, Pope Innocent III, izvo vakanga vatotanga noukama John, kwezvinopedzwa Magna. Izvi idzva ruvengo pakati poumambo uye NaAmai Pauline Kabanzi, asi Mvumo rokutanga remitemo rakazotanga pashure wamambo afa.

Ndiye Magna Carta makore mashoma gare gare, rakafuridzirwa American colonists tizivise rusununguko kubva kuBritain, uye pamusoro chetatu mitemo Bill of Rights wakabviswa Charter. Pane makopi 4 chete tanga Magna Carta, vari Salisbury Cathedral, Lincoln Cathedral uye British Museum.

The European Charter

Ichi dzinotevedzana dzomunyika zvibvumirano, izvo vakagamuchirwa nokuda reEurope kuitira kuti vanhu munzanga kodzero uye rusununguko, uye chinhu musoro chiwedzerwa uye mukwanisi kuna Convention on Human Rights.

The European Charter akanga yakasainwa muna 1961, kunyange zvazvo kushanda, vakauya makore mana chete gare gare, muna 1965. Emakore gare gare, muna zviri gwaro akaita nhamba kuwedzererwa uye kuchinja.

Mitemo yakanyorwa European Charter, zvakakodzera kubva pamutemo nemaonero, zvinofanira chinozoiswa mumagakava mitemo yose signatory inotaura. Nyika idzi inofanira hunovimbisa vayo uye vanhu vari pasi chepasi pasi runoenzanirana kodzero uye rusununguko.

Zvisinei, States kuti asaina European Charter, havadikanwi kuongorora Implementation vose zvokudya magwaro. Vanogona zvokusarudza kuziva kodzero uye rusununguko vemo achitevedza mitemo yayo. Nyika idzi dzakaparadzana kubvumirana 6 9 nyaya zvakasikwa, ivo vane kodzero yokuramba kuita zvinhu iwayo, Implementation izvo hazvibviri kwavari.

The Olympic Charter

Ndicho gwaro huru kuti anoita mabasa Olympic Committee. Muzana XIX remakore, kudyidzana kwenyika mumunda mutambo makatanga nokushingaira kutanga. vakaparadzana makomiti anokonzera marudzi akasiyana zviitiko zvakasikwa. Zvishoma nezvishoma, kwakasarudzwa kuti vaungane komiti kuti dai waidzora remarudzi hukama mune mutambo, uye iyewo, akasarudza kusika Olympic Charter. Yakanga pakachinja nokuda yose nyika.

Gwaro iri inodzora zvose chokuita zvikuru akasiyana nzvimbo mitambo pamwe pakati penyika. Pano isu tsanangura mitemo Olympic Games, kusanganisira kwesangano zvinhu, kupindura, mamiriro uye nzira nokuda pakusikwa zvirongwa. Gwaro racho rinotaura mitemo mabasa kuyananisa, uye zvakawanda.

mugumisiro

History anoziva zvakawanda yemirau, izvo neimwe nzira sei mamiriro ezvinhu avanhu. Charter, pamusoro apa, uye vaiva chinokosha magwaro aya, uye zviri nokuvonga kwavari, kunyanya Magna Carta, vanhu vose vakasununguka nhasi.