Shanduro mavambo murume. Basic Pfungwa dzevanhu mavambo

To musi, pane shanduro dzakasiyana-siyana kwakabva murume panyika. Izvi dzidziso yesayenzi, uye nzira, uye chezvinyorwa. Vakawanda vanozviti kuva zvizvarwa ngirozi kana masimba naMwari, pasinei uchapupu hunogutsa remasayendisiti uye vematongo. Anonyatsozivikanwa dzekare vanoramba dzidziso iyi, sezvo mungano, achipa kupfuura dzimwe shanduro.

General pfungwa

Kubvira kare kare murume yave nyaya dzokudzidza uye mweya sayenzi yepanyama. Pakati evanhu uye sayenzi dzinongoitika vachiri kuita kukurukurirana pamusoro dambudziko yokuva uye kupanana ruzivo. Panguva iyoyo, masayendisiti akapa murume kuchiitirwa tsananguro. It biosocial chisikwa kuti anosanganisa ungwaru uye zvaisazogona. Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti hapana mumwe munhu ari munyika chisikwa yakadaro. Tsanangudzo yakadaro kungava tatamuka anonzi nevamwe vamiririri fauna of munyika.

sayenzi yemazuva ano zvakajeka wakapatsanura biology uye chaizvo nevanhu. Kutsvaka muganhu pakati zvakamisa hurongwa zvinobatanidzwa kutungamirira tsvakurudzo nemapazi pasi pose. nzvimbo iyi nesayenzi inonzi sociobiology. Anotarisa vanyura musimboti murume, kudura zvayo dzinongoitika uye dzevanhu maitiro uye zvavanosarudza. A RUBATSIRO RUNOTARISA maonero nzanga hazvibviri pasina kunobatanidza humboo ake mumagariro uzivi. Nhasi murume - chisikwa chiri interdisciplinary zvakasikwa. Zvisinei, vanhu vakawanda vari munyika yainetseka imwe nyaya - ayo mavambo. Rine zvemakore kuedza kupa mhinduro, masayendisiti uye nyanzvi zvenyika zvechitendero.

The anoburukira Man: An Introduction

Mubvunzo nechitarisiko dzomuchadenga mhiri Earth akaita Akakwezva achitungamirira masayendisiti ose unyanzvi siyana. Vamwe vanhu vanobvuma kuti mavambo murume uye vanhu hazvina kukodzera kuongorora. Zvikurukuru, saka vanoti avo zvechokwadi vanotenda zvemweya mauto. Kwakavakirwa maonero aya matangiro womunhu, munhu akasikwa naMwari. Shanduro iyi ine vakawanda kwemakore mumutsetse ndeyenhema masayendisiti.

Nepo wose anofunga pachavo kune dzimwe Mapato vemunyika, chero zvazvingava, nyaya ino nguva dzose fadza uye chivande. Manjemanje Vazivi ano vakatanga kuzvibvunza nevamwe: "Nei vanhu zvakasikwa, uye chii kwavo chinangwa chokuva panyika?". Mhinduro yomubvunzo wechipiri haangatongovi zvinogoneka kuwana.

Kana pakaita akangwara chisikwa panyika, zvino kuongorora zvichiitika zvikuru zvechokwadi. Nhasi mubvunzo uyu edza kupindura inokosha dzidziso dzevanhu mavambo, asi 100 muzana pave yakarurama kwezvamakatonga dzavo, hapana asina inogona. Pari, vanochera matongo, masayendisiti uye nyanzvi pasi pose ari kudzidza zvose zvinobvira manyuko matangiro akaita upenyu panyika, zvingava nemakemikari, zvoutachiona kana morphological.

Zvinosuruvarisa panguva ino vanhu vasingagoni kunyange kusarudza remakore BC vaiva vanhu vokutanga.

YaDarwin

Pari, yakakura siyana shanduro kwakabva murume. Zvisinei, kazhinji uye pedyo chokwadi ndiyo dzidziso musayendisiti wokuBritain anonzi Charles Darwin. Ndiye akaita nomupiro chinokosha chaivo nesayenzi. Pfungwa yake inobva tsanangudzo dzinongoitika selection, iyo anoita sezvo uchityaira simba yemhindumupindu. Izvi rwokuzvarwa nezvesayenzi shanduro matangiro murume uye zvose zvipenyu zvose panyika. Hwaro yaDarwin akaumbwa pakuongorora ake zvakasikwa pavaifamba munyika. Development chirongwa chakatangwa muna 1837 uye akapedza makore anopfuura 20. Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 wokuEngland raitsigirwa neimwe musayendisiti, zvakasikwa - A. Wallace. Nguva pfupi pashure guhu rahwo muLondon, akabvuma kuti akanga Charles aiva kufuridzirwa ake. Saka pakanga yose mirayiridzo - yaDarwin.

Vateveri wekufamba ichi vanobvuma kuti marudzi ose fauna of uye kasvisto munyika vari kugadzikana uye zvinobviswa vamwe, raivapo kare marudzi. Saka, dzidziso iri inobva impermanence zvose zvipenyu zvose zvakasikwa. Chikonzero izvi zvakasikirwa vakasarudzwa. On nyika tipone chete wechinhu hwakasimba, anogona kuchinja mamiriro dzezvakatipoteredza ezvinhu. Munhu chaizvo chisikwa yakadaro. Nemhaka shanduka uye kuda kurarama vanhu vanofanira unyanzvi hwavo uye ruzivo.

Pfungwa kupindira

At moyo shanduro iyi kuvanhu vanofanira mabasa dzimwe dzomunyika. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti vanhu vari zvizvarwa nomutorwa zvisikwa kuti asvika Pasi mamiriyoni emakore akapfuura. Nyaya iyi kwakabva murume ane interchanges dzakawanda.

Maererano vamwe, vanhu dzinokonzerwa mhuka dzirambe dzichiberekana pamwe madzitateguru neyavatorwa. Vamwe vanodavira kuti zvose mhaka yokugara okugadzira kuvakuru siyana njere kuti akauya homo sapiens kubva chinu yayo DNA. Munhu chokwadi vanhu vakanga mugumisiro kwokukanganisa kwakaita mhuka. Ukuwo, zvinofadza chaizvo uye ari fungidzira shanduro nomutorwa kupindira mune shanduka kukura Homo sapiens. Hapana chakavanzika vematongo zvichiri kuwana dzakasiyana dzenyika dzakawanda vanodhirowa, zvinyorwa, uye zvimwe zvinoratidza kuti vekare vanhu vakabatsira vamwe remweya simba. Izvi zvinoshanda Mayan, iyo inonzi avhenekerwe zvisikwa extraterrestrial nemapapiro pamusoro ngoro kufanira yokudenga.

Panewo dzidziso yokuti upenyu hwose hwevanhu kubva mavambo kusvikira nhamba yacho shanduka zvinobuda nokuda Aifananidzira chirongwa vakaisa extraterrestrial njere. Kune nzira shanduro tama pakati earthlings pamwe mapuraneti nemapoka enyeredzi hurongwa hwakadai, Sirius, Scorpio, Libra, uye zvichingodaro. D.

Dzidziso yemhindumupindu

Vateveri shanduro iyi vanodavira kuti nechitarisiko murume Panyika nokuda nadzurudzo ari primates. ndiyo dzidziso iyi nokure rakajairika uye kukurukurwa. Akabuda pachigadziko, vanhu vakashanduka kubva mamwe marudzi tsoko. Kushanduka yakatanga kare pasi pokudzora dzinongoitika selection, uye zvimwewo zvinhu.

Dzidziso yokushanduka-shanduka anoita vamwe dzinonakidza uchapupu uye uchapupu sezvo matongo, paleontological, kuvabereki, uye zvepfungwa. Ukuwo, chimwe nechimwe aya anogona kududzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana. The unoreva zvakawanda zvakaitika - kuti hakuiti shanduro iri 100% yakarurama.

Pfungwa chokusika

Bazi iri vakagamuchira zita zvakasikwa. Vateveri vake vanoramba dzidziso dzevanhu chaiko. Zvinofungidzirwa kuti Mwari akasika vanhu, inova soro zambuko munyika. Munhu akasikwa akafanana ake non-chaivo zvinhu. The mubhaibheri shanduro dzidziso inoti kuti vanhu vokutanga vaiva Adhamu naEvha. Mwari wavo akavaita nevhu. MuIjipiti uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda, chitendero anoenda kure shure nengano yekare. The Ruzhinji vamwe vanonamata vanodavira dzidziso iyi hazviiti, vanoongorora mukana kwayo billionths ane muzana.

Version kusikwa zvose upenyu Mwari haatarisiri uchapupu, zvinongokonzerwa ariko uye ane kodzero. rutsigiro Its kungaguma mienzaniso yakafanana kubva rengano avanhu vose pamusoro penyika. zvakafanana izvi hazvigoni kungotariswa.

Dzidziso muchadenga anomalies

Ichi chimwe chezvinhu dzichipesana uye tarenda neshanduro anthropogenesis. Vateveri dzidziso ndiye nechitarisiko murume panyika netsaona. Maererano navo, vanhu vakatanga fetus abnormalities inofambirana dzezvimwe. Madzitateguru earthmen vaimiririra budiriro humanoid, zvinova musanganiswa Basa, uye Energy Aura.

Dzidziso anomalies anoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakasikwa mamiriyoni dzomuchadenga nevaya biosphere, izvo zvakasikwa rakabatana ruzivo fuma. Under akanaka ezvinhu, izvi zvinoita kuti chidzoke upenyu, kureva kuti, munhu humanoid pfungwa.

Vamwe dzidziso iyi zvikuru zvakafanana-shanduka, kunze mvumo chaiyo purogiramu kukura vanhu.

hwemvura chimupanze pfungwa

Shanduro iyi iri kupi murume munyika anenge 100 apfuura. Munguva 1920s, asi hwemvura dzidziso yakatanga dzataurwa nokuda vanozivikanwa zvomumvura zvipenyu Alister Hardy nezita, gare gare chakatsigirwa mumwe inoremekedzwa nyanzvi, yokuGermany Max Vestenhoffer. Version inobva chikuru chinhu, kumanikidza makuru netsoko kupinda Danho idzva kukura. Ndizvo akamanikidzira tsoko kuchinjana nzira mvura youpenyu panyika. Saka pfungwa anotsanangura kusavapo gobvu muviri bvudzi. Saka, dariro rokutanga shanduka womunhu wapfuura kubva padariro gidropiteka kuti akazviratidza Makore anopfuura mamiriyoni 12. Kare, homo erectus, uye ipapo sapiens.

Nhasi, shanduro iyi sayenzi asiri vaiona.

dzimwe pfungwa

Chimwe chezvinhu zvemashiripiti shanduro kwakabva murume munyika ndechokuti zvizvarwa vanhu vaiva vamwe akotamire zvisikwa. Mune zvimwe zvitendero kuvadaidza vatumwa. Zviri venyama izvi kubvira panguva yakare inogarwa nyika. pakuonekwa akanga akafanana harpy (musanganiswa shiri uye munhu). Kuvapo zvisikwa izvi anotsigirwa dzakawanda dombo mifananidzo.

It akabata imwe dzidziso kuti vanhu vari tanga kukura vaiva hofori chaidzo. Maererano nedzimwe ngano, hofori iyi yakanga poluchelovekom-demigod, nekuti mumwe wevabereki vavo mutumwa. Nokufamba kwenguva, simba yakakwirira akamira pasi, uye hofori vaenda.

ngano dzekare

Nezvemavambo murume pane vazhinji ngano uye nyaya. VaGiriki vekare vaidavira kuti madzitateguru vanhu vaiva Deucalion uye Pyrrha, avo kuda vanamwari akapona mafashamo uye akasika mutsva rudzi dombo yakanyungudutswa.

The Chinese yekare vaidavira kuti munhu wokutanga akanga isina kugadzirwa uye akafamba nevhu bundu. Musiki wevanhu ndiye mwarikadzi Nuwa. Waiva murume uye shato mune mumwe munhu.

Maererano Turkish ngano, vanhu vakabuda Blackrock. Her bako raiva gomba kuti zvairatidzika yevanhu muviri. The mvura ndikandoshamba nevhu. Kana chimiro izere uye kudziyirwa ne zuva, murume wokutanga akabuda mairi. Uye zita rake raiva Ah-Atam.

Ngano pamusoro kwakabva Sioux maIndia munhu anoti vanhu vakasika Rabbit muchadenga. Zvisikwa Divine akawana ropa clot uye vanotanga kutamba nayo. Munguva pfupi akatanga kumonera pasi uye ikava dumbu. Zvino ropa clot mwoyo uye nedzimwe nhengo. Somugumisiro, tsuro vakaputsanyiwa mukomana giredhi - Sioux tateguru.

Maererano vokuMexico vekare, Mwari akasika munhu chimiro zvehari ivhu. Asi nokuti kuti overexposed billet muchoto, murume akatendeuka singed, kuti rasviba. Tevera kuedza kakawanda ari nani, uye vanhu vakabuda ndichene.

Mongolian tsika, mumwe kune mumwe akafanana Turkish mumwe. Munhu yakabuda nevhu rokuumba. Musiyano chete ndechokuti gomba rakacherwa pachake ndimwari.

zvokukura shanduka

Pasinei kwakabva murume shanduro, nyanzvi dzose dzinobvumirana kuti nzendo dzacho pakukura akanga akafanana. Vanhu vokutanga kufamba vakarurama prototypes vaiva australopithecines, izvo kukurukura mumwe nomukombiyuta maoko uye havana kupfuura 130 cm.

Inotevera Danho yemhindumupindu abereka Pithecanthropus. zvisikwa izvi aitoziva sei kushandisa moto uye kuchinja hunhu zvaunoda (mabwe, ganda, mapfupa). Humwe shanduka munhu yasvika palaeoanthropes. Panguva iyi, Ivan Kuchin mifananidzo vanhu kare kutaura mitinhimira kufunga pamwe.

The wokupedzisira Danho yemhindumupindu pamberi nechitarisiko Homo sapiens vakatanga neanthropines. Externally, kwete zvakawanda zvakasiyana vanhu ano. Vachirwadziwa maturusi, vakabatana mu madzinza, kusarudzwa vatungamiriri, uye akarongeka voting tsika.

musha wemadzitateguru vanhu

Pasinei chokwadi kuti masayendisiti uye kare munyika vachiri kuvabvunzeiko nedzidziso kuvanhu, nzvimbo chaiyo apo pfungwa aberekwa, asi akakwanisa kumisa. Ndiro kondinendi African. vanochera matongo Vazhinji vanodavira kuti unogona kuderedza pasi nzvimbo kuchamhembe-kumabvazuva chikamu kondinendi, kunyange zvazvo pane imwe pfungwa, uye kutonga panyaya kwesango hafu. Ukuwo, pane vanhu vanotenda kuti vanhu yakabuda muna Asia (mu India uye dzakavakidzana).

Zvakabudiswa kuti vanhu vokutanga navanhu Africa, vakaitwa pashure dzakawanda matongo somugumisiro pamwero mukuru Zvakafukunurwa. Zvinonzi kuzivikanwa kuti apo paive anoverengeka pre-mufananidzo womunhu (vemarudzi).

The strangest zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo

Vamwe anonakidza zvikuru zvinoratidza zvinogona kukanganisa chokupika sei chaizvoizvo kwakabva uye kukura womunhu, akarova dehenya nenyanga vekare vanhu. Archaeological tsvakurudzo kuitwa muna Gobi Desert zveBelgium rwendo pakati remakore rechi20. Aimbova Sumerian budiriro vakanga kakawanda kuwana mifananidzo kupeperetswa uye vanhu pavaienda Earth kubva kunze renzou. manhamba Similar vane mamwe madzinza akawanda ekare.

Muna 1927, mukati muGungwa Caribbean sezvo pamusana Zvakafukunurwa yakawanikwa chinoshamisa läpinäkyvä dehenya, rakafanana nekristaro. ongororo kuwana zvinhu rwokugadzira uye mukugadzira. Zvizvarwa ari Mayan kwokuti namadzibaba avo vainamata dehenya ichi chakafanana Mwari mukuru.