Ndezvipi mikuru okunze ndiwo goko? Chii chiri pasi goko?

Tisati tataura pamusoro zviri pasi goko, tinogona kuyeuka kuti anofungidzirwa ndiyo chikamu yose yose. Anofungidzirwa - nekuti munhu haasati kukwanisa munhumbi zvakadzika goko ichi pakati penyika. Kunyange zvakadaro ukobvu yose cortex aigona chete "tora pa".

Masayendisiti anoratidza hypotheses maererano nemitemo wefizikisi, kemisitiri sayenzi vamwe, uye maererano nemashoko aya, tine chaicho mufananidzo sechivako panyika, uyewo kuti vamwe mikuru zvinhu ndiyo goko. The jogirafi pamusoro 6-7 nemakirasi kunopa vadzidzi dzidziso idzi yokuyamura nokuda saibva pfungwa fomu.

Nokuda yakaderera inorwara mashoko uye yakawanda mukwende mitemo yakasiyana saizvozvo vavake muenzaniso zuva nenyika dzinotenderera pariri mapuraneti, uye kunyange nyeredzi iri kure nesu. Chii chinozotevera kubva ichi? Ainyanya kuti une kodzero chakakwana zvose mubvunzo uyu.

The akaturikidzana the Nyika

Kunze ndechokuti goko zvepasi rinoumbwa akaturikidzana, nyika yose uyewo ine matatu akaturikidzana. A kworudzii kamwe culinary rounyanzvi. Wokutanga wavo - chinoumba; mairi kune zvakaoma chikamu uye nemvura chikamu. Ndicho kufamba nemvura iri musimboti, anofungidzirwa anosika Wepasi remagineti. Pane zharkovato - tembiricha rinosvika tsika anosvika 5000 Celsius.

Chechipiri rukoko enyika ndiyo nejasi. It rinobatanidza chinoumba uye goko. Nejasi ane akaturikidzana wandei, zvinoti matatu, uye musoro yakabatana panyika goko, kuti magma iri. It chaZekariya panyaya chii mikuru okunze ndiko goko, sezvo zvokufungidzira zviri nokuti "ichiyangarara" chikuru zvinhu. About ivepo anogona kutaura zvakawanda kana zvishoma anokudzwa pakati mukana, sezvo kuputika kwemakomo ari unopisa fuma anouya pamusoro, achiparadza chirimwa zvose uye mhuka, iyo iri pamusoro eGomo dzemabota.

Uye, pakupedzisira, zvakaturikidzaniswa wenyika wechitatu - ichi ndicho goko: chakaoma paiva panyika, riri kunze inopisa "ura" Nyika iri yatiri Taiwanzofamba, kufamba uye kurarama zvavo. Pakukora pasi goko, kana tichienzanisa nedzimwe mbiri akaturikidzana dzenyika, zviri kunyora nezvavo, asi zvisinei inogona kurondedzerwa, iro rakakura okunze ndiko goko dzenyika, uyewo kunzwisisa sezvamunoita kwayo.

Izvo akaturikidzana vari runozivisa goko paNyika. Its chikuru zvine maatomu akafanana

The goko zvakare ine akaturikidzana - pane basalt, girenayiti uye sedimentary. Zvinofadza kuti 47% anotora okisijeni iri makemikari anoumba goko paNyika.

The fuma, pa se, izvo gasi anopinda kubatana nedzimwe zvinhu uye pave yakasimba goko. Other zvinhu iyi nyaya - ndiko nesilicon, aruminiyamu, simbi uye calcium yakawanda; vamwe zvinhu zviri zviduku zvikamu.

Weboka zvikamu zvakasiyana ukobvu muzvinhu

Zvave kuti goko iri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose zvikuru kupfuura jasi rezasi uye core. Kana wasvika wokuti chii mikuru okunze ndiko goko dzenyika, zviri hama ukobvu, zvinokwanisika kuti kuiganhura vachiita Oceanic uye Continental. zvikamu zviviri izvi zvinosiyana zvikuru ukobvu, uye gungwa anenge katatu, uye nzvimbo, uye nguva gumi (kana pezvatinotaura avhareji) riri wakawondereiko kudai mazuva ose kupfuura yakaoma.

Chiizve yakasiyana pakati Continental uye Oceanic Wepasi goko

Uyezve, nzvimbo munyika uye makungwa dzinosiyana akaturikidzana. zvinyorwa zvakasiyana zvinoratidza mashoko akasiyana, ratinoparidza zvimwe zvaungaita. Saka, maererano nemashoko aya, Continental goko ine akaturikidzana matatu, ramakagadzwa pane paiva basalt, girenayiti rukoko uye emadhaka rukoko. Continental goko Plain pasi rinosvika 30-50? km mukobvu mumakomo, nhamba idzi anogona kusimuka kusvika 70-80 makiromita. Maererano chete bhuku, Oceanic goko ine mbiri akaturikidzana. Granite bhora Falls, kusiya chete okumusoro emadhaka basalt. Pakukora ari goko mugungwa nharaunda kubva munenge 5 kusvika 15 makiromita.

Zvakawanda uye neavhareji mashoko sepokutangira chokudzidza

Ndiyo tsanangudzo rakajairika uye Yokudzidza, nekuti masayendisiti tichingotarisira kushanda kudzidza zvinhu zvenyika, uye achangopfuura Data zvinoratidza kuti goko munzvimbo dzakasiyana ane chimiro kuti zvakawanda kuoma dzose mureza Zano pasi goko, tiri kudzidza kuchikoro. Heano nzvimbo dzakawanda dziri goko Somuenzaniso, pane imwe rukoko - diorite.

Zvinofadza ndechokuti akaturikidzana izvi hazvisi anotsvedzerera zvakakwana, sezvo schematically vanoratidzwa nenzvimbo atlases kana kumwewo. Kuurungana inogona wedged mune mumwe, kana kusanganisa kupinda zvimwe chikamu. The muenzaniso wakakwana dzenyika redunhu anogona kuve musimboti, nokuti chete chikonzero, maererano izvo pane anoputika: ipapo, pasi goko, chinhu chiri nguva inofamba uye ane yakakwirira chaizvo tembiricha.

Zvose izvi munogona kuwana kubva kana upenyu hwavo sayenzi inoongorora uye geophysics. Unogona kuedza kutevera zvesayenzi mberi kuburikidza magazini yesayenzi uye nyaya. Asi pasina mumwe mukwende zivo inogona kuva basa rakaoma chaizvo, uye saka pane hwaro, icho akadzidzisa muzvikoro pasina tsananguro, kuti ichi ndicho chete chinhu muenzaniso wakanaka.

Anofungidzirwa kuti goko chinosanganisira "zvidimbu"

Masayendisiti ane dzidziso akaiswa mberi pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, goko nyika harisi monolithic. Somugumisiro, tinogona kudzidza pane vamwe mikuru zvinhu pasi goko maererano nepfungwa iyi. Zvinofungirwa kuti lithosphere - nomwe makuru uye akawanda mahwendefa duku kuti kuyangarara pamusoro pemvura magma zvishoma nezvishoma. kufamba izvi pave aiparadza pamusoro mananara kuti kuitika munyika yedu nesimba kwazvo dzimwe nzvimbo mhando. Kune nzvimbo pakati lithospheric mahwendefa, vanonzi "zvizivikanwe nemichina mapazi". Zviri munzvimbo idzi chemhando chechetere wokusagadzikana, kana ndirege kutaura kudaro. Kudengenyeka kwenyika zvichizoita nemigumisiro ichi - mumwe pachena zviratidzo unoratidza kufamba lithospheric kwamahwendefa.

Zvazvakaita misha lithospheric mahwendefa pamusoro paumbwe zvokuyamura

Kuti, chero chikuru zvinhu ndiyo goko, izvo zvinofamba zvikamu zviri yakatsiga zvikuru uye vane zvakawanda Mobile yose yasikwa zvokuyamura zvinobatsirawo dzidzo yake. Lithosphere marongerwo uye zvechadenga zvizivikanwe nemichina hurumende kuparadzira yose lithosphere inogona kuenderera Square uye Mobile mabhandi. Okutanga vanoonekwa ne sandara ndege isina pamipata hombe, zvikomo uye zvakafanana Misiyano zvokuyamura. Dzinonzi abyssal mumapani. Pfungwa iyi ndiyo mhinduro yomubvunzo wokuti chii chikuru zvinhu pasi goko ndiko kutsigira zvizvarwa zvinhu kuumbwa. goko The Wepasi lithospheric ndiro zvinokonzera vose makondinendi. Miganhu Slabs izvi nyore kuonekwa nevanhu munyika dzine inotungamirwa makomo, uyewo ukuru kusimba kwepasi. The kupfuura vanoshingaira nzvimbo munyika yedu mune muhomwe kwenyika uye vazhinji anoputika, Japan ndiyo nzvimbo, iyo Indonesian Islands, Aleutian Islands, kuSouth America Pacific nemhenderekedzo.

Mumakondinendi zvinopfuura taishandisa kufunga?

Kureva, zvikuru nyore, zviri panyika goko, saka zviri pakati zvipenga lithosphere, izvo kana kusatonzwa kukuchidzirwa magma. Uye kwete nguva dzose miganhu "zvimedu" izvi uwirirane miganhu makondinendi. Zvazviri, kazhinji zvakafanana kumbobvira. Mukuwedzera, taishandisa kunzwa pamusoro munyanza nhoroondo nokuti anenge 70% nechepasi, uye chikamu yakaoma - chete 30%. Nepariri, zviri, asi ndizvo varaidza - nemashoko inoongorora pamusoro mumakondinendi inenge 40%. Gumi muzana Continental goko akafukidza pagungwa uye gungwa nemvura.