Zinaida Serebryakov: Biography uye pikicha

Zinaida Kurilova - Russian yokudhirowa, uyo akava nomukurumbira mukuvamba kwezana remakore rechi20, ake kuzvidzora asian, akararama nguva refu uye inonakidza upenyu, zvikuru iyo ratapwa Paris. Zvino, panogasa zvikuru Tretyakov Gallery kwemasimba basa rake, ndinoda kuyeuka uye kutaura nezvoupenyu hwake nesimba, nemateru makata zvichaitirwa mhuri yake.

Zinaida Serebryakov: Biography, okutanga kubudirira paguva

Akaberekwa muna 1884 muMharidzo mhuri Benoît-Lancer ari mifananidzo, iyo inozivikanwa nezvizvarwa zvevazukuru vavezi vemabwe, Painters, ezvivako uye Vanyori. Achiri muduku akanga apedza nenzira inoshamisa rokusika mumhepo mudenderedzwa mhuri yakakura, idzodzi wake nounyoro uye nokungwarira.

Mhuri yaigara St. Petersburg, uye muzhizha anogara vakatamira wemunda Neskuchnoye pedyo Kharkov. voga Painting Zinaida Evgenevna Kurilova akadzidza pakutanga panguva Princess Tenishcheva muSt Petersburg, ipapo asian O. Braz. Gare gare, iye akaramba dzidzo yake muFrance uye Italy.

On adzoka Paris, yokudhirowa anopinda vanhu "The World of Art" inobatanidza vemifananidzo kakawanda avo, vakabva akadana Silver Age. Kubudirira wokutanga akauya kwaari muna 1910, pashure kuratidza ake kuzvidzora asian "Nokuti chimbuzi" (1909), pakarepo akatenga P. Tretyakov nokuda maberere.

The kupenda rinoratidza mukadzi wechiduku akanaka umire pamberi girazi, kuita mangwanani chimbuzi. Meso ake tarisa nomutsa kudivi Fafitera parutivi patafura akaisa vakadzi tunyaya: hombodo mafuta, zvishongo bhokisi, sechishongo chomuhuro, mutengo chinhu unlit kenduru. In basa iri, chiso wakadhirowewa uye meso zvichiri vazere vechidiki vachifara uye zuva yakajeka ataure pfungwa nemafungiro anosimbisa upenyu-.

Marriage nevana

With ake musanangurwa aipedza wake muduku uye kuyaruka, nguva dzose kukurukurirana uye Neskuchnii, uye muSt Petersburg nemhuri yake Serebryakov hama. Boris Serebryakov aiva naye hama, ivo vaidanana uduku uye akarota kuroora. Zvisinei, izvi hazvina kushanda kwenguva refu nemhaka vasingabvumirani pamusoro chechi kufanana michato. Yakanga chete muna 1905, mushure chibvumirano nomupristi yeko (300 rubles) hama vakakwanisa kuvapa muchato.

Interests kuchata vakanga kunoshandurwa zvachose: Boris paaigadzirira kuva injiniya pamusoro njanji, ndakamuda ngozi, uye kunyange akaenda kudzidzira muna muManchuria muhondo wokuRussia-Japanese, uye Zinaida Kurilova Aifarira kupenda. Zvisinei, vaiva norudo chaizvo uye simba ukama, kuti urongwa upenyu yemberi pamwe chete.

upenyu hwavo pamwe yakatanga rwendo kuParis pakureba pagore, apo yokudhirowa akapfuurira kudzidza kupenda panguva Academy the Grande Chaumiere uye Boris akadzidza paChikoro Graduate School of mabhiriji uye migwagwa.

Kudzokera Neskuchnoye, yokudhirowa ari kushingaira kushanda pamusoro nharaunda uye Portraits, uye Boris anoramba kudzidza panguva Institute of Communications uye paaivatambudza rokuchenesa. Vaiva nevana vana-pogodok: kutanga, vaviri vanakomana, navanasikana vaviri ipapo. Mumakore aya, vana vake vanozviitira mabasa mazhinji kuti anoratidza mufaro amai uye kukura vana.

Famous kupenda "Panguva zvemangwanani," chinofananidzira mhuri mutambo mumba, kwaanogara rudo uye mufaro, chinoratidza vana patafura, yakapoteredza mudzimba tunyaya. The Artist akanyora Portraits, nomurume wake, yokunyora nokudhirowa upenyu zvoupfumi Neskuchnii anoisa womunharaunda murimi mudiki nemabasa "rakanga rachena kanivhasi", "Kukohwa", uye vamwe. The veko vari chaizvo kwazvo mhuri Serebryakov, airemekedzwa nemano ake kuti vanoirima uye chaizvo vavatore mufananidzo mifananidzo.

Revolution uye nzara

The echimurenga zvakaitika 1917 vakasvika Neskuchnyi, kuunza moto uye njodzi. Serebryakov nemba yake oga akapisa "vanodzima vechimurenga," asi yokudhirowa pachake nevana akakwanisa kusiya mariri tichibatsirwa varimi veko, uyo akamunyevera uye akatopa nzira mishoma masaga yegorosi makerotsi. Serebryakovs vakatamira Kharkov kuna mbuya. Boris mumwedzi izvi Akashanda sezvo nyanzvi mumigwagwa kutanga kuSiberia, ipapo muMoscow.

Kwete kugamuchira chero nhau kubva kumurume wake, kunetseka yakawandisa kwaari, Zinaida Serebryakov kuenda kunomutsvaka, vachisiya vana amai. Zvisinei, pashure kudzokerana dzavo munzira Boris vakanga vabatwa typhus uye akafa maoko mudzimai wake rudo. Zinaida ndoga pamwe 4 nevana uye amai vakura vari Kharkov nzara. Anoshanda chikamu-nguva Archaeological Museum, zvichiita yokunyora nokudhirowa ose prehistoric skulls uye mari kutenga zvokudya vana.

Zvinosiririsa "Imba Cards"

Kupenda "Imba Cards" Zinaida Kurilova rakanyorwa mwedzi mishomanana pashure pokufa wake, Boris, apo yokudhirowa akararama kubva muruoko muromo nevana uye mai vavo Kharkov, uye akava zvakaipa zvikuru pakati mabasa ake. The chaizvo wenyaya mufananidzo Serebryakov akaziva sechinhu Dimikira nokuda koupenyu hwake.

Rakanga dzakapendwa pendi mafuta, iyo yakanga ichangobva munguva kubva zvose mari yakawandisa pariri, kuti kufa mhuri vasafa nenzara. Upenyu vakadonha seimba nemakadhi. Uye pamberi yokudhirowa hazvina tarisiro mune rokusika uye munhu upenyu, chinhu chikuru panguva yakanga - kuponesa zvokudya vana vavo.

Upenyu Petrograd

In Kharkov, pakanga pasina mari, pasina basa maodha kupenda saka womufananidzo anosarudza kufamba mhuri Petrograd, pedyo mhuri uye upenyu nemagariro. Akakumbirwa kuti kushanda muna Petrograd dhipatimendi mamiziyamu purofesa Academy of Arts Akanaka, uye muna December 1920, mhuri yose akararama muna Petrograd. Zvisinei, kubva kudzidzisa, iye akaramba kushanda Studio yake.

Serebryakov kupendwa Portraits, maonero Tsarskoye tiiviste uye Gatchina. Zvisinei, tariro yake kuti upenyu nani hachisi chokwadi: kuchamhembe guru aivawo nenzara, akanga kunyange mbatatisi rinokwatuka.

Rare vatengi Zinaida akabatsira zvokudya uye kurera vana, mwanasikana Tania akatanga kudzidza magadzirirwo awo panguva Mariinsky Theater. The imba navo nguva dzose kuuya Ballerina wechidiki abvunza kuti the artist. Saka dzinotevedzana kutamba mifananidzo uye nziyo dzakasikwa, izvo zvinoratidza vechiduku sylphs uye Ballerina vapfeke kuti kuenda pachikuva iri mutambo.

Muna 1924, izvozvo rinotanga kumutsidzirwa kuratidza basa. Mifananidzo Several Zinaidy Serebryakovoy panguva kwemasimba Russian uri vakatengeswa mu America. Agamuchira muripo, iye angasarudza kuenda kwekanguva muParis, kuti vawane mari kwerunyararo dzimwe mhuri yake.

Paris. In nhapwa

Zvisinei, Kusiya vana naambuya vavo Petrograd, Serebryakov anosvika Paris muna September 1924, okusika upenyu wakavhiringika pano: Chokutanga pakanga pachedu workshop yedu, zviduku mirairo, mari Anokwanisa uwane zvishomanana, uye kwevakaripiwa anotuma kuRussia mhuri yake.

Mune Biography womufananidzo Zinaida Kurilova upenyu muParis akaratidza kuva yokuchinja, pashure zvaakauya kumbobvira kukwanisa kudzoka kumusha, uye vake vaviri nevana, iye anoona makore 36 chete gare gare, asati afa.

Chakajeka nguva hwake mu France - pano kunouya apo mwanasikana wake Kate, uye pamwe chete ivo vakashanyira misha kuFrance uye Switzerland, zvichiita yokunyora nokudhirowa, nharaunda, Portraits varimi veko (1926).

Trip kuna Morocco

Muna 1928, pashure pokunyora nhevedzano Portraits nokuda muBelgian entrepreneur, nemari Zinaida uye Catherine Serebryakovs kuenda rwendo kuenda Morocco. Yakarohwa kunaka East, Serebryakov anoita nhevedzano zvidzidzo uye basa, nokupfura migwagwa kumabvazuva uye veko.

Kare muna Paris, iye anoronga ane kwemasimba basa "Moroccan", kuunganidza akawandisa nechido nezvaro, asi kugona kuita chinhu. All shamwari dzako vakaona wayo impracticality uye nekusagona kutengesa basa ravo.

Muna 1932, Zinaida Kurilova kuzodzosera kuenda Morocco, kuzviita zvakare yokunyora nokudhirowa uye nharaunda. Mumakore aya, zvakanga akakwanisa kutyora mwanakomana Alexander, uyo akazova rokupenda. Ari kuita basa decoration basa, yakashongedzwa omukati uye manufactures tsika lampshades.

Vana vake vaviri, vakasvika Paris, kumubatsira kuwana mari dzeurongwa kuita siyana zvinoyevedza uye decoration mabasa.

Children muRussia

vana vaviri womufananidzo Eugene uye Tatiana, akasiya Russia naambuya vake, vaiva varombo chaizvo uye nzara. furati yavo yakanga iripo, uye vakagara kamuri rimwe chete, izvo zvaifanira neshungu tisingatungamirirwi.

Muna 1933, Amai vake E. N. Lansere akafa, asingakwanisi kukurira nzara uye kushayiwa, vana vakagara pachavo. Vakawedzera uye ndasarudza sezvo ounyanzvi hwokugadzira okusika: Jack akava mapurani, uye Tatiana - Artist mu yemitambo. Zvishoma nezvishoma vakapa upenyu hwavo, akatanga mhuri, asi kwemakore akawanda akarota kusangana naamai vake, nguva dzose achimutungamirira tsamba.

Munguva 1930s hurumende yeSoviet akakoka naye kudzokera kumusha, asi mumakore iwayo Serebryakov vaishanda voga makomisheni zvokuBelgium, uye ipapo Second World War. Pashure pehondo, iye akarwara chaizvo uye haana kuda kutama.

Chete muna 1960, Tatyana akakwanisa kuuya Paris kuona amai vake, makore 36 pashure kuparadzana.

Serebrya inoratidza muRussia

Muna 1965, panguva nyungudika muSoviet Union akatora chete muupenyu pachako inoratidzirwa Zinaida Kurilova muMoscow, ipapo akaenda muKiev, uye Leningrad. Artist panguva aiva nemakore 80 okuberekwa uye nokuti akanga asingakwanisi ezvinhu utano, asi akanga zvikuru vanofara richayeukwa naye kumba.

The pashoo rakaitirwa pamwe nokubudirira kukuru, achiyeuchidza wose guru akanganwa Artist uyo kwagara vakazvipira dzekare unyanzvi. Serebryakov kwave kugona, pasinei makore kugadzikana rokutanga hafu rechi20 c., Kuti tiwane yako maitiro. Mumakore iwayo muEurope dzaitongwa impressionism, uri deco, chaihwoihwo uye dzimwe dzenzvimbo.

vana varo, vaigara naye muFrance, akaramba akatendeka kusvikira kumugumo woupenyu, yakatorongedzwa upenyu hwake uye kubatsira nemari. Hadzina dzavo uye akararama naye kusvikira pakufa kwake nemakore 82, pashure iyo akaronga kuratidzira ayo.

Z. Serebryakov akavigwa 1967 kumakuva Mutsvene Genevieve of Bois muParis.

The pashoo muna 2017

Zinaida Kurilova inoratidzirwa muna Tretyakov Gallery - makuru mumakore 30 apfuura (200 mifananidzo vanodhirowa), yakatsaurirwa kuna rechi50 gore the artist afa, anomhanyira kubva April kusvika kumagumo July 2017

Previous retrospective basa rake yakaitwa 1986, saka akanga akatakurwa dzimwe mapurojekiti, izvo akaratidza basa rake paRussian Museum muSt Petersburg uye duku private kuratidzira.

Panguva ino, iyo curators renheyo French Fondation Serebriakoff akaunganidzawo yakawanda basa kuti mukuru kuratidzwa kuti muchirimo 2017 achapiwa rakabudiswa musi 2 guva Engineering Corps maberere.

Retrospective iri dzenguva, kubvumira Fafitera kuona zvakasiyana okusika mutsetse womufananidzo Zinaida Kurilova, kubva mangwanani Portraits uye mabasa kutamba vachitamba of Mariinsky Theater vakange muRussia muna 20s. Mifananidzo yake yose yokusafa emotionality uye lyricism, yakanaka pfungwa upenyu. Ari oga horo vari kushanda nemifananidzo nevana vake.

Fume pauriri rine mabasa zvakasikwa muParis muna muutapwa, pakati pavo:

• ukomba zveBelgium, tsika yakaitwa Baron of Brouwer (1937-1937), uyo pane imwe nguva vaionekwa akafa muhondo;
• Moroccan yokunyora nokudhirowa yokunyora nokudhirowa, zvakanyorwa muna 1928 uye 1932.
• Portraits wokuRussia vanotodzoka, zvakanyorwa Paris;
• nharaunda uye hunhu zvidzidzo muFrance, Spain nevamwe.

afterword

Vana All Zinaida Kurilova akaramba tsika okusika uye vakava vemifananidzo uye ezvivako kushanda Genres siyana. mwanasikana Kurilova wokupedzisira - Catherine akararama upenyu hurefu, pashure pokufa kwake mai, iye ari kushanda pakuratidza mabasa uye basa iri hwaro Fondation Serebriakoff, akafa ava nemakore 101 muParis.

Zinaida Kurilova chakatsaurwa kuti dzekare unyanzvi uye akawana yake werudzii painting, kuratidza mufaro uye tariro, kutenda murudo uye simba okugadzira zvinhu, rokutora nguva zhinji dzakanaka hwake uye zvakatipoteredza.