Sezvo Russia akava Russia? Sezvo Russia rava chete kupfuura nyika?

Zvinozivikanwa kuti Yaroslav Mudry, achipa mwanasikana wake Anna kuna Mambo French akamupa kumuroora bhuku iri emapuranga pamahwendefa, izvo zvinofungidzirwa kuti achiripo kusvikira nhasi. Chero zvazvingava, akanga kukagadziriswa papepa. Rainzi "The Book Veles" uye kutiudza pamusoro nguva pamberi Rurik hwedzinza. Zvinofungirwa kuti nokutumira bhuku rino kuti Europe, Yaroslav aida kuudza European kwebudiriro rekare nhoroondo Russia. Maererano nebhuku Veles, muRussia kare kwaiva nhangemutange Bohumír, uyo aiva nevana vashanu, kusanganisira vana Seva uye Rus, kubva izvo vakaenda northerners uye Rusich. Zvichida zvakanga kutanga sei Russia akava Russian, sezvo ngano ane zita rume kubva mudzi "Rus", iro zvino vakaumba hwaro zita "Rus" mamiriro.

Unions muRussia vaiva marudzi uye kuna Rurik

"Bhuku Veles" rave akataurawo kuti Russia semubatanidzwa of necheSalvic (uye zvichida mamwe) marudzi iripo kubvira munguva dzekare. In basa iri chaiko ane Links kuti zviitiko chaizvo yekare apo protorusskie marudzi vakaenda kuIjipiti, vaigara Mountains Carpathian, yakasvika nharaunda vemazuva China, uye vamwe. Saka, funga mubvunzo kuti Russia akava Russian, haukwanisi kubva pamazuva Rurik, asi pamwe ambotaurwa .

Kunyange zvakadaro, nhoroondo ano anotenda kuti mutungamiri Varangian varindi akava wokutanga uyo vakabatana marudzi kwechiSlavonic munguva hondo yevagari vemo kurwiswa nevavengi yokumwe (muna 862 AD). Zvinofungirwa kuti aiva muzukuru mukuru Novgorod Prince (mwanakomana womwanasikana yomuchinda), uyo akamukumbira kuti kutonga Novgorod nezvichaitika ezvinhu akaoma uye avo vakwegura. Naizvozvo, dzidziso kuti Russia akasika Scandinavians vaiona haana akapfuma kwazvo. Kana tava kuenda "muBhuku Veles", unogona kuwana nezve nezvokuti Vanyori vekare havana kufunga Rurik Rusich, vaidavira kuti simba rake akaratidza kuburikidza mhirizhonga. Zvichida nevanyori bhuku ndohwaJehovha necheSalvic madzinza, kurwa pamwe Novgorod, izvo Rurik simba, uyo inofungidzirwa kunge vakabhabhatidzwa maererano netsika dzechiKristu, akanga zvisingadiwi.

Sezvo Russia rava mugungwa simba?

Pakutanga yokuRussia hurumende yaiva muunganidzwa dzomumisha achitevedza dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana "kubva VaViking kuvaGiriki", izvo zvakabatsira kudzora Rurik vake navaranda. Nhongonya ichi quasi-inotungamirwa vaiva Kiev uye Novgorod. Inenge 8-9 emakore munguva yedu yakatanga kukura mundima Central Russia (pakati Volga uye Oka), izvo emakore akanga tichishandisa arikunze pamusoro Kievan Rus. Mushure Mongol yaingopambwa (zana remakore rechi13), kukosha iyo yakawedzera, uye pane muzinda itsva - Moscow, pakavakirwa vakatanga mutsva chokutambudzika nenzvimbo ari mundima Duchy kuMoscow. Vagari mamiriro dzidzo muchirongwa kuwanikwa munyika itsva, kusanganisira okumusoro kunosvika of Kama River, Muganhu Pechora, Northern Dvina, Gungwa White. Tinogona kutaura kuti mazuva iwayo zvisinei Russian hurumende yaiva simba egungwa, muna mvura pasina kushingaira zvokutengeserana kuti dzakawanda pakutengeserana.

Kubudirira chechina John (Ivan ari Anotyisa) mundima accession

Muna 1380 iri Moscow mauto eMongolia akakunda, uye gare gare makore ane zana ari Ugra rwizi wazorodzwa nyika Russian zvachose dzimwe pajoko. Panguva iyi, mumwe Russian nyika kare yaisanganisira Rzhev, Tula, Nizhny Novgorod, Veliky Ustyug nevamwe. Ndizvo sei Russia yava akadaro nyika hombe yatova nemazuva iwayo. Local kubudirira nowakautangira akasimbisa kamwe mutongi Rus - Rechina Ivan (the Anotyisa). Iye kuMoscow rakakura nyika Holdings muKazan uye Astrakhan Khanate. Akabva kuzvibereko manustkript umo, zvichida kekutanga ndiro zita "Russia" zvavakaitawo mutauro Old kwechiSlavonic. Gwaro iri ndiro shoko rokutanga Ivana Groznogo pamusoro Prince Andreya Kurbskogo, uyo akasaina se "rinoumbwa muumambo mutambo muguta Russia, Moscow, waJuly 7072, muzhizha wezvose." Zvichida ichi ndicho sei Russia akava Russia muzita rayo. Kunyange zvinokosha kuziva kuti musoro yechipiri tsamba yacho kuna Anotyisa Kurbsky mambo anooneka somunhu changamire, Mukuru Duke "Azerbaijan Rousseau," ndiko kuti, sezvo musoro kosi raiva "Russia" uye "Russia".

The nyika pakukura panyika

Mune ramangwana, kuRussia mamiriro emakore yakaramba ichiwedzera chikuru kundima. tsars Russian pamberi Ivan IV akakwanisa kuisa zviripo nezvinhu muPskov uye Ryazan nyika. PaGrand Duchy pakati Lithuania dzakasarudzwa uye vakadzokera okumusoro kunosvika kuna Oka uye Vyazma. Mukutanga kwezana remakore rechi16 chokumusoro chikamu Muscovy vakapinda Western Dvina uye rose bheseni pakati Desna rwizi, uye rava kupfuura nyika munguva idzodzo uye ndiye nhasi. Mune 80s kwezana remakore rechi16 vakatanga kushingaira kukura kweSiberia. Paiva nheyo guta Tomsk, Tobolsk, Tyumen uye Mangazeya, asi ndima, zvichiguma kuBaltic States pamusana ari wokuLivonia War, vave vakarasika pakazopera rokutonga Johane Anotyisa.

Sezvo Russia rava nyika hombe? Zvinofanira kucherechedzwa kuti kukura vakawanda munyika itsva yakanga zvikurukuru runyararo, nekuti kuSiberia nyika vakanga inogarwa dererei, uye vanhu ikoko pashure kusvika Cossacks vakatanga vachishingairira kutora Somuenzaniso, furs mukutsinhana fuma yakakwirira yakati sandara yebudiriro (zvombo, etc .. ). Asi nhoroondo nyika yedu akapfuma musazonetsanazve zvechiuto kukura vakawanda vokumadokero ndima uye andobata dzimwe nyika yokumabvazuva. Muzana nemanomwe remakore, Russia Zvisinei vakarasikirwa muhondo yenyika iri Smolensk uye chernihiv akagamuchira, mukati 50s remakore chete ari Left-Bank Ukraine uye Zaporozhye. Muna 1620-50-ies ashandiswe isina kumboitika achikwakuka kukura kuSiberia - Russian akauya pamusoro pemhenderekedzo Yenisei River pakutanga, uye zvino Gungwa Okhotsk. Zvisinei, vakawanda vanofarira mubvunzo sei Russia akava umambo.

Mambo akatonga umambo

Zvinofungidzirwa kuti chiitiko ichi chakaitika yaitonga Peter Mukuru, uyo akatora musoro mambo muna 1721 panguva chikumbiro weSeneti, mushure kukunda muna Northern War. Maererano migumisiro pokurwa, kubvira 1700 kusvika 1721 muna Russian wehurumende akauya yakarwiwa panzvimbo inonzi Karelia, Izhora, Estonia uye Livonia, kumaodzanyemba chikamu Finnish nyika Vyborg, akavamba guta St. Petersburg. Peter akagadza kutengeserana ukama nyika dzokuEurope uye akaita gungwa simba rayo nyika, nguva ino munharaunda sokuronga kukosha.

Chukchi rudzi vakatadza kukunda - ivo vakabatana

Pashure Russia akava umambo, "chido" ayo miganhu iri chete kukura. Nokuti nguva kubva 1723 kusvika 1732 kwayo chikamu kweGungwa reCaspian vari munyika. Panguva iyoyowo anotanga kukura Altai nyika rwizi Yaik. Mune maviri remakore, yokuRussia Empire nokuzvidira kubatana marudzi chukchi (kare havana kugona kukunda Russian Cossacks katatu), ipapo Kamchatka, iyo Kuril Islands. In yechipiri yezana namasere remakore somugumisiro wokuRussia Turkish muhondo Empire anogamuchira kuGungwa Azov, muCrimea, Gungwa Black nharaunda, uye mushure partition kwePoland - Lithuania, Belarus, Kurland uye North-Western Ukraine. Pakupera kwezana remakore kusvikira Russian chikamu Kubatanidza Kazakhstan, Alaska uye South Altai.

The remakore nemipfumbamwe - kufadza nzvimbo

Negore regumi namapfumbamwe remakore, Russia aiva increment uye kurasikirwa nenharaunda. Sezvo Russia akava Russia nhasi kana tichifunga zviitiko? Pakazosvika "pakuunganidza" iyoyo zvinosanganisira accession pamusoro Finland, Dagestan, Bessarabia, chikamu Poland, nechokumadokero Georgia. Zvadaro muna Russian munyika zvinosanganisira Armenia, chikamu mundima Azerbaijan uye mumwe "mugove" pakati Kazakh nyika (kureva. N. Senior Jousse). Muhafu yechipiri yezana remakore, asi Russian Empire rinosvika kukura kwayo kunonyanyisa historiallinen - rinosanganisira North Caucasus, Central Asia, chikamu Xinjiang (kwekanguva ari 60s). Uyezve, Moscow akagashira chinhu protectorate munharaunda ino vokuTuva (Uryankhay nyika), yakanga pazvinhu Amur, Primorye uye Sakhalin. Sezvo muripo kokupedzisira Japan aikunda Kuril Islands (Sakhalin vakatamira Japan zvakare pamusana pehondo 1904-1905., Asi kwete kwenguva refu nevanhu nhoroondo mitemo). Muna 1867, Alaska akarasika, uye maererano kutengeserana, akagumisa nemashoko United States.

Muzana remakore rechimakumi maviri, yokuRussia Empire, izvo akamuka (uye Zvaparara ipapo) Soviet Union zvakare, zvinoitika, akarasika ndima. Zvakakodzera kutaura kurasikirwa Ukrainian, Belarusian, Finnish, Polish, Bessarabian mundima pashure peHondo Yenyika I uye kuti vawane pakupera Yechipiri World Kuriles, South Sakhalin, Kaliningrad Oblast. Panguva ruvengo pakati remakore, Soviet Union anenge pamutemo kupinda Republic of vokuTuva. Uye muna 1991, pashure kuparadzana dzaimbova nyika dzeSoviet, adzora Russia vanhasi.

Mumwe Earth uye majini

Sezvo Russia rava chete kupfuura nyika? Nokufamba akasiyana-siyana emadzinza uye mundima avanhu kurarama nazvo (uye kuuya kune nzvimbo), akapinda wezvokutengeserana uye vemauto nokubatana, uyewo ukama hwevakaroorana, izvo zvaiva vaiitawo majini. Nhasi, zvakajairika mazuva muRussia majini mhando ndiyo R1a 1a, iyo massively richiparadzirwa uye nechepakati Russia uye kumaodzanyemba kweSiberia, izvo kamwe zvakare kunosimbisa kubatana dzavanhu kwete chete miganhu asiwo nemagene chechetere.