Semites - ndiani zvakadai? Rakatanga Semites

The zita "Semites" - shoko rinobva muBhaibheri. Bhuku raGenesisi rinotaura wedzinza Noa nevanakomana vake. Mumwe wavo aiva Sim. Akava baba weEramu, naAshuri naEbheri, kubva izvo, ukuwo, yakaitika VaAramu, vaHebheru uye vaAsiria.

kumusha Semites

Shoko rokuti "Semites" akaonekwa XVIII remakore, apo masayendisiti European anonzi ari rukudzo Sima dzinza, zvaisanganisira yekare uye ano vanhu kuMiddle East. Chokwadi kuti vari chokuita mumwe, kwechokwadi kufanana mitauro yavo. Hereinafter, shoko kuwedzerwa uye dzakachinjwa. Archaeological zvakawanikwa pakuchera matongo ari kuwedzera kuMiddle East vakaratidza kuti kwokutanga kwaiva nevamwe vanhu vanopinda boka iri.

Ancient Semites kugarwa nharaunda Arabia, Siriya, Palestine uye Mesopotamia. Panguva vachirwisa uye makambani nemauto vakasiya nyika yokumusha kwavo. Vamwe Semites kunyange vakakwanisa kuwana midzi North Africa. Long kusati kwatombova chiKristu, ivo vaitama kupa-zuva Ethiopia. Colonists wakakweva kwomuzvarirwo pfuma nharaunda iyi. Saka Gungwa Dzvuku vakanga vanotengesa nemisha, vanhu iyo gare gare akasika State of Aksum.

Dzakadzidzvinyirira navatorwa

Kunze kare kutaurwa marudzi, Semites - ndiyewo vokuFenikiya, uyo varidzi kubwinya zvikuru dzakadzidzvinyirira uye vatsvakurudzi nguva yake. The samambure kutengesa mbiru uye nemisha akafukidza yose kweMediterranean. Phoenician nyuchi akaonekwa Spain, Africa uye Sisiri. Kunyange pashure vanhu ava akapona kuderera uye zvapfuura, zvinhu zvinoumba tsika dzayo akachengetedzwa dzakawanda Mediterranean.

History Semites anoratidza muenzaniso Maltese - zvemo vagari chitsuwa chiduku cheMarita. Kunenge ndivo vazukuru vokuFenikiya. The Maltese kare vakararama pasi pokutonga vemamwe marudzi. chitsuwa vavo vaiva nevaRoma, Byzantines uye kunyange Normans. Marita ndokubereka pfuma yeRoma Order cheMarita, uye XIX remakore yakanga muhutongi Great Britain. Independent mamiriro riri duku nomunda pakati Gungwa reMediterranean akazviratidza chete muna 1964. Asi, pasinei upenyu refu pasi dzimwe ushe, Maltese akakwanisa kuramba ayo vakasiyana tsika pachavo uye mutauro.

Chimwe chinokonzera kupararira oukuru mitauro uye tsika dzaiva kutama dzechiJudha. VaJudha vakatanga kugara munyika dzimwe nyika kunyange asati kweJerusarema nevaRoma, uye pashure chacho akatora Resettlement nepanyika.

Society muArabhu

Maitiro uye maonero Semites akaumba maererano dzinongoitika ezvinhu yavaigara uye kurarama. Sezvo mambakwedza yebudiriro, vafudzi vava muArabhu. Sezvo gwenga mamiriro pamusoro emakore handishanduki, mamwe mapoka voga nhasi kuramba ichi nzira zvekare muupenyu. Semites - muArabhu, vaigona kuchinja nezvokuvapo muArabhiya Peninsula nokuda domestication yengamera. At kumicheto murenje vanhu ava akafudza makwai uye nembongoro.

The hweBazi mhuri yakanga munzanga yavo. Nhaka vakayambuka mukono mutsetse, simba guru vaiva baba vake. Mhuri yakabatana nemasangano akawanda - marudzi. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira mazana evanhu. Ose Semite yekare, nhengo yorudzi, yave chokuita nevakomana vavo ropa uye zvakafanana zvido. pfungwa yokubatana yakazokudziridzwa zvakasimba pakati vekare vaigara murenje. In zvinoitirwawo kurwiswa chero nhengo yerudzi, mamwe masoja ake akatsivira hazvo vemhosva. Yakabuda pakati Semites kazhinji, "zino nezino" uye "ziso neziso." Nheyo ropa kutsiva rava chikamu vakawanda pamutemo Codes kuMiddle East marudzi.

vaAmori

VaAmori - ndeimwe yekare oukuru marudzi, yakabuda III chemakore BC. e. madzinza aya havana kumbobvira kubatana chaizvo. Mukupesana, pakati pavo nguva dzose ane zvinorwisana maari uye kurwisana kwemadzinza, izvo pakupedzisira haana kubvumirwa kuzvidzivirira hasha vavakidzani.

The guta chikuru vavaAmori anonzi Ugarit. matongo ayo dzakafukurwa ne French vematongo muna 1929. Nhasi, ndiye Siriya ndima. Pano rikabudirira mombe maberekero uye kurima. VaAmori akura zviyo, yakabereka mafuta omuorivhi newaini. huni kwavo chaizvo muIjipiti uye Mesopotamia. Ugarit akava mumwe yokutanga yemarudzi chiteshi. Akashumira sezvo pfungwa mharadzano dzaishandiswa pakutengeserana kubva Anatolia, muGungwa reAegean, Bhabhironi, kuMiddle East uye Ijipiti. YavaAmori guta yakapararawo ari XVI remakore BC. e. somugumisiro unokuvadza yaingopambwa ose avaHiti, Kassites.

vaAramu

Other zvizvarwa vanhu veSiria vaiva vaSiria. Kutaurwa nezvavo kutanga ndezvomunhu III chemakore BC. e. MuSiriya akabudirira rakapinza kusvika pakati rwaYufratesi uye vazadze rinenge rose Middle East. Pakazosvika mavambo yaitonga wedu, mutauro wavo akava mukuru bazi remutauro ataura muPalestine, Arabia neMesopotamiya.

Aramaic raiva rakakura pakati reDhamasiko. Around guta akaumba umambo yaiva X-VIII emakore. BC. e. Dhamasiko mamiriro yakakundwa neAsiria. Various Eastern umambo Middle vakanga vachirwa mumwe pasinei nokuti vose inogarwa Semites. Zvakanga zvakaoma kuti ivhu rakaorera uye zvimwe zvinokosha pfuma kare.

vaJudha

Kana nguva dzose Arabia yave nyika yerenje, ari Mesopotamia, Fenikiya uye Lower Egipita, yakapoteredza shomanana kweItari munguva dzekare akava huru hwokurima breadbasket vanhu. Rakanga muno Fertile Crescent akagadzirisa mangwanani Semites. Photos yenzvimbo idzi dzinoratidza mumatongo Zvivako kusiiwa mararamiro ekare.

Mumwe marudzi aya vaJudha. Ivo akazviratidza II chemakore BC. e. Palestine zvichiguma kunzwisisa ethnological kwendangariro. Semites-pastoralists vaigara kumadokero Fertile Crescent, hwakakanyiwa varimi zvokurima oases pakati vaAmori. Saka akaberekwa ari ibudirire itsva.

Kwakatangira vaJudha hwakada zvakanyatsobatana ngano dzemubhaibheri kusimuka Yekare. A yakasiyana kuchiitwa vanhu ava kutenda kwake - mukuru chitendero yaAbrahama chiJudha. Vamwe mamiriro ayo emakore akawanda gare gare uchiumba inotungamirwa chiKristu uye Islam.

VaJudha akatonga Palestine kusvikira zvavakawana vari vaJudha Roma I remakore BC. e. Zvino kwakatevera yakareba kuutapwa. VaJudha vagara zvose pamusoro hweRoma, uye pashure, uye yakabuda ngwanda wake fuza inoti. Kwenguva refu, ivo mubato kutambudzwa uye kusarurwa zvose nevaKristu uye nevaMuslim. Chete pashure peHondo Yenyika II, vaJudha vakakwanisa recreate dzavo National mamiriro kuPalestine - Israel.

vaAsiria

Asiria vanhu vakaumba panguva II chemakore BC. e. kuchamhembe Mesopotamia. Hwaro idzva Nzanga kwemarudzi vava vaAmori, uye harritov subareev. A pachena chinoratidza vanhu yakanga weAkkadian, kuti decipher izvo kurova nezvizvarwa zvevazukuru nevanochera matongo munguva dzazvino. State weAsiria anonzi wokutanga umambo munhoroondo yevanhu. Moyo ndima yayo yakanga avhareji nokuda rwaTigrisi uye Mukuru uye Zvikanganiso Zab mupata. Pano pakanga maguta inokosha yekare: Ashur uye Ninivhi.

In kwayo ichatonga zvine mbiri vaAsiria aidzora yose Mesopotamia, yakavakidzana Palestine, Turkey ano, Siriya, Ijipiti, uye kunyange Cyprus. Sezvo inokodzera umambo pamusoro penzvimbo yacho huru mamiriro akararama yakakunda marudzi mazhinji. Ndokusaka tsika reAsiriya ikava kaleidoscope rinoumbwa tsika vakavakidzana madzinza. Kingdom zvasvika urengarenga rayo simba muna VIII remakore BC. e. Muna 609 BC. e. MuAsiria umambo rakaparadzwa nevaBhabhironi.

vaKaradhea

Yenhau muAsiria, vachirondedzera kune 878 BC. E., The kare akawana kutaurwa nomumwe oukuru vanhu vokutanga - muKaradhea. Vakararama pamhenderekedzo kwePersian Gulf. Nzvimbo dzavo dzaiva madhamu uye marshes repasi kunosvika rwaYufratesi uye Tigirisi. MuKaradhea vanhu vakasiyana nhamba duku - nhanhatu chete anozivikanwa kurudzi rwake. Vakataura pamusoro ubiquitous Aramaic.

The VII-VI CC. BC. e. RevaKadheya hwedzinza weBhabhironi mitemo (kuti iye akavamba Umambo Hwechipiri hweBhabhironi). Semites Ndivo vahedheni. Taura navo Bhaibheri. Kubva ipapo kupararira kune zvinoreva shoko rokuti "muKaradhea" rechipiri - saka vakatanga kudana n'anga, nevaroyi, n'anga, venyeredzi nevafemberi. Kungoda vanhu ava vanogona kuwanikwa chinhu chisingatombotarisirwi akakwirira. Imwe shanduro dzidziso inoti kuti vachenjeri kuti vakaenda uta chete akaberekwa Jesu, vaiva vaKaradhea. Vamwe vaKristu panguva kuMiddle East tichibata pachavo kune oukuru avanhu.

maArab

Around ari X remakore BC. e. murenje ose eArabhia Mesopotamia, rutsva banzurwa oukuru rudzi. Vakanga maArab. Semites veboka iri akasika Shebha, iyo yakaumbwa pamusoro munharaunda Yemen ano.

Kuchamhembe kwenyika navaArabhu akavaka Palmyra, nokutya, Lahm uye Ghassan. Vaiva vakapfuma dzokutengeserana guta, matongo ayo vava zviratidzo vakakurumbira kare. Pakati kuchamhembe uye kumaodzanyemba navaArabhu vaiva sand pakati muArabhiya murenje. Vafambi akatsigira kutaurirana Via mushambadzi nzira kuburikidza Hijaz.

VeMubatanidzwa Islam

Muzana V remakore vechiArabhu budiriro akamborara rakakomba kuderera. Zvaiita kuti vanhu ava nokusingaperi inonyangarika pasi kumanikidzwa muvakidzani wayo nehasha - Persia uye Byzantium. Zvisinei, pakutanga VII remakore muArabia vakatanga kuwana mukurumbira chitendero mutsva Islam. muparidzi Its aiva mutengesi kubva Mecca ainzi Mohammed. Akasika kwechiIslam Caliphate, izvo ayo ichatonga zvine mbiri aidzora yose Middle East, North Africa uye Spain. Maererano padanho kuwedzera kwakanga enyika zvakakura kubudirira kuti Semites.

VaJudha, pasinei zvakafanana madzinza pamwe navaArabhu, vava vavengi vavo. The kunetsana pakati pendudzi maviri kwaiva uye ari yakasiyana chitendero. Nhasi, pavanotaurirana pakati pevaJudha uye navaArabhu mumwe ngozi zvinhu kuMiddle East.

oukuru mitauro

Mitauro zviri mutauro - ndechimwe rakasiyana chinhu chinosiyanisa Semites. Vanhu boka iri, kunyange pashure pemazana emakore akawanda kudaro, uye nhasi vane kufanana zvakawanda Morphology, nemarongerwo, phonology uye nemashoko. Somuenzaniso, apo navaArabhu kuMiddle Ages yakapamba Spain, vaJudha dzomuTrinidad refu asingazivi hwenhoroondo yokumusha kwavo nguva, vakawana kuti mutauro wavo yakafanana chaizvo mutauro wavatorwa.

Oukuru phonology kunoratidzwa vakawanda emakonzonendi - huro, guttural, zvakasimba uye uvular. In mitauro yokuEurope, hapana akafanana kana kunyange pedyo zvakafanana. Special mavambo wakasiyana wokumaodzanyemba oukuru mitauro - Arabic uye Ethiopic. Vakagamuchira rakasiyana nzira rokuumba chouwandu. Kwakabva Semites uye zvimwe dzavo nokupesana mukati akawanda vanhu kwakaita kuti kwaita kusiyana pamberi vakawanda Proto-oukuru mutauro.